Latest ArticlesThe design and development of energy storage device with high energy/power density has become a research hotspot. Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates. However, the application of ZHCs is hindered by their low energy density at high power density due to the unsatisfactory cathode material. In this study, a novel 3D phosphorus-doped carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide (P-CNT/rGO) aerogel cathode is synthesized through a synergistic modification strategy of CNT insertion and P doping modification combined with 3D porous design. The as-obtained P-CNT/rGO aerogel cathode manifests significantly increased surface aera, expanded interlayer spacing, and enhanced pseudocapacitance behavior, thus leading to significantly enhanced specific capacitance and superb ions transport performance. The as-assembled ZHC based on P-CNT/rGO cathode delivers a superior energy density of 42.2 Wh/kg at an extreme-high power density of 80 kW/kg and excellent cycle life. In-depth kinetic analyses are undertaken to prove the enhanced pseudocapacitance behavior and exceptional power output capability of ZHCs. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of physical and chemical adsorption/desorption of electrolyte ions on the P-CNT/rGO cathode is revealed by systematic ex-situ characterizations. This work can provide a valuable reference for developing advanced graphene-based cathode for high energy/power density ZHCs.
Developing precise extracellular vesicles (EVs) labelling techniques with minimal disturbance is of great importance to the follow-up EVs detection and analysis. However, currently available methods such as using probes to conjugate phospholipids or membrane proteins have certain limitations due to EV steric hindrance, dye aggregation, etc. Here, we present a microfluidic platform to enhance EVs' labelling efficiency and improve their detection. This platform provides excellent sample throughput and high-efficiency EV labelling at lower label concentrations with an optimized flowing rate. Flow cytometry analysis (FCM) and cellular uptake results show that EV labelling by utilizing this platform possesses the merits of a higher labelling efficiency with 64.1% relative improvement than conventional co-incubation method and a lower background noise. Moreover, this technique maintains EVs' size, morphology and biological activities. After the recipient cells uptake the EVs treated by the microfluidic platform, the spatial and temporal distribution of EVs in the cells are clearly observed. These results demonstrate that our method holds great potential in efficient labelling of EVs, which is essential to subsequent EV quantification and analysis.
Aqueous zinc metal batteries are considered as promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, especially for large-scale energy storage, due to the advantages of high-safety, high energy density and low cost. As the bridge connecting cathode and anode, electrolyte provides a realistic operating environment. In alkaline and neutral aqueous zinc metal batteries, issues associated with electrolyte and anode are still intractable. In this review, we reveal the development and evolution of electrolytes for aqueous zinc metal batteries from alkaline to neutral via the description of fundamentals and challenges in terms of comparison and connection. We also elaborate the strategies in electrolytes regulation and highlight the basic roles and progresses in additives engineering.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common progressive inflammatory disease whose incidence has increased rapidly in recent years, and can develop into colorectal cancer in severe cases. There are currently no adequate or effective treatments for UC due to the fact that some patients have found suboptimal results after repeated administration, while others have experienced adverse effects. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, developing innovative colon-targeting platforms is essential to improving efficacy, reducing side effects, and improving patient compliance. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological characteristics of UC and the most recent status of numerous nanodrug delivery systems based on different targeting mechanisms in treating UC. Oral, intravenous, and rectal drug delivery nanoparticles targeting the colon are discussed, which can provide ideas for the design of colon-targeting nanoparticles for the treatment of colon diseases, especially for the treatment of UC. Last but not least, we provide a glimpse into the future of colon-targeted delivery systems, as well as future advancements in the field.
Bone damage caused by trauma and tumors is a serious problem for human health, therefore, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding materials that stimulate and promote the regeneration of broken bone tissues have become the focus of current research in the field of bone damage repair. To this regard, a preferential combination of materials and preparation techniques is considered crucial for the preparation of advanced bone tissue engineering scaffolds to better facilitate the regeneration of broken bone. In this review, current research advances and challenges in bone tissue engineering scaffolds are discussed and analyzed in detail. First, we elucidated the structure and self-healing mechanism of bone tissue. Subsequently, the main applications of different materials, including inorganic and organic materials, in bone tissue engineering scaffolds are summarized. Moreover, we overview the latest research progress of the mainstream preparation strategies of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and provide an in-depth analysis of the different advantages of each method. Finally, promising future directions and challenges of bone tissue engineering scaffolds are systematically discussed.
Chiroptical switches based on circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have shown the promising applications in advanced information technologies. Herein, a pair of lanthanide coordination polymer enantiomers [Eu2(LR)3(BTFPO)2]n and [Eu2(LS)3(BTFPO)2]n with light-regulated CPL property are designed, which are assembled by a chiral binuclear triple-stranded Eu3+ helicates [Eu2(LR/S)3] coordinated with two photochromic triphenylphosphine oxides (BTFPO). Upon the alternative UV and 526 nm light irradiation, the complexes show the reversible photochromism, PL and CPL responses. Notably, the luminescence dissymmetry factor, glum of 5D0→7F1 (591 nm) transition shows an obvious increase from 0.19 to 0.29 before and after 275 nm light irradiation. Additionally, the emission from Eu3+ center is not completely quenched in closed-ring state due to the low photocyclization (Фo-c) quantum yield of the polymer. The partial maintenance of emissive intensity is of essential importance for the monitor of CPL signal. More importantly, the CPL photo-switching property of the complexes in solid hybrid film is maintained, and still displays the enhanced CPL emission in photostationary state. Further, the potential applications of the doping film in logic gate and anti-counterfeiting were investigated.
Organofluorine compounds are widely used in the realm of drug discovery and material science. Herein, we developed palladium catalyzed intermolecular aminofluorination and oxy-aminofluorination of gem-difluoroalkenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), in which NFSI was used as the nitrogen source and oxidant. The reaction provides an efficient and straightforward synthesis route of a series of α-trifluoromethyl benzylic amines. Notably, three/four components oxy-aminofluorination processes were realized to give α-trifluoromethyl benzylic ether with a terminal amino group, which proceed through C(sp3)–O bond cleavage of easily available ether and simultaneous introduced a fluorine, an amino and an oxy substituent in one pot with excellent regioselectivity. The divergent reactivity not only included the incorporation of one ether molecular, but also much more challenged two ether insertion with excellent selectivity through succession C(sp3)–O bonds cleavage. This protocol allows for concise synthesis of high value amines with fluoroalkyl-substituents and selectively transformation of easily available ethers by high-valent palladium catalysis.
The cubic S/N co-doped TiO2 (TNSx, x is the calcination temperature) photocatalysts with rich oxygen vacancies were obtained by high temperature calcination of sulfur powder and titanium-based MOFs NH2-MIL-125 for the photocatalytic removal of gaseous formaldehyde (a volatile organic compound). Among the obtained catalysts, the presence of oxygen vacancies restricted photogenerated electron and holes recombination. 98.00% removal of gaseous formaldehyde in 150 min could be achieved over TNS600 by xenon lamp. The removal efficiency for formaldehyde was well retained for five cycle experiment. The results from PL, TRPL and EIS revealed that TNS600 had the best separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, and the enhanced charge separation led to a significant increase in photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic oxidation mechanism indicated that the •OH and •O2− radicals were mainly involved in the efficient elimination of gaseous formaldehyde and were able to mineralize formaldehyde to H2O and CO2.
A bottleneck in biomimetic synthesis consists in the full copy of, for example, the hierarchical structure of proteins directed by weak interactions. By contrast with covalent bonds bearing definite orientation and high stability, weak intermolecular forces within a continuous dynamic equilibrium can be hardly tamed for molecular design. In this endeavor, a ligand-dominated strategy that embodies tunable electrostatic repulsion and π…π stacking was first employed to shape polyoxovanadate-based metal-organic polyhedra (VMOPs). Structural evolution involving transformation, interlock, and discovery of an unprecedented prototype of the Star of David was hence achievable. Not only as a handy tool for the primary structural control over VMOPs, these weak forces allow for an advanced management on the spatial distribution of such manmade macromolecules as well as the associated physicochemical behaviors, representing an ideal model for simulating and interpreting the conformation-function relationship of proteins.
Modulating surface charge redistribution based on interface and defect engineering has been considered as a resultful means to boost electrocatalytic activity. However, the mechanism of synergistic regulation of heterojunction and vacancy defects remains unclear. Herein, a Vs-CoP-CoS2/C n-n heterojunction with sulfur vacancies is successfully constructed, which manifests superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution, as demonstrated by a low overpotential of 170 mV to reach 10 mA/cm2. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations testify that the outstanding OER performance of Vs-CoP-CoS2/C heterojunction is owed to the synergistic effect of sulfur vacancies and built-in electric field at n-n heterogeneous interface, which accelerates the electron transfer, induces the charge redistribution, and regulates the adsorption energy of active intermediates during the reaction. This study affords a promising means to regulate the electrocatalytic performance by the construction of heterogeneous interfaces and defects, and in-depth explores the synergistic mechanisms of n-n heterojunction and vacancies.
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