Latest ArticlesFluorescence Anisotropy (FA) is an effective biochemical detection method based on molecular rotations. Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively used as an FA amplifier. However, the enhancement of FA by GO alone is limited and the strong scattering of GO will easily make the measurement of FA inaccurate. In order to address these problems, an octopus-like DNA nanostructure (ODN) was designed and coupled with GO to enhance the FA together in this work. By mimicking the multi-clawed structure of the octopus, the ODN can be adsorbed on GO tightly, which not only could improve the sensitivity because of the double FA enhancement abilities of GO and ODN, but also could improve the specificity due to the decrease of the nonspecific interaction in complex samples. Furthermore, ODN could maintain a certain distance between the fluorophore and GO to reduce the fluorescence quenching efficiency of GO, which could improve the accuracy. This method has been applied for the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) in a range of 1–50nmol/L and the limit of detection (LOD) was 330pmol/L. In addition, the proposed method has been successfully utilized to detect HBV-DNA in human serum, indicating that this method has a great practical application prospect.
The microstructure of the active layer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), such as the size of phase separation, purity of the phases, and molecular packing within each phase, plays a crucial role in influencing the behavior of excitons and charge carriers within the active layer. It is also a key determinant of the photovoltaic performance of the device. During the optimization of OPV devices, the use of additives has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy in microstructure control, leading to enhanced performance. Therefore, the quest for stable and efficient novel additives, along with an exploration and summarization of the mechanisms underlying additive-induced microstructure control, is essential for a better understanding of the developmental trends of high-performance additives. In this review, we categorize additives based on their chemical structures and discuss their effects on the microstructure of the active layer from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Furthermore, we elaborate on the working mechanisms and their impact on the photovoltaic performance of the devices. This review provides an overview of recent advances in additives for OPVs, offering potential guidance for the future development of additives and further optimization of the active layer in photovoltaic devices.
Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals. As the active center of selenoproteins, the addition of selenium is beneficial to enhance the antioxidant ability. However, the high cost limits the application of organic Se in agriculture animal production. Selenized glucose (SeGlu) is a newly invented organoselenium material with good stability, low toxicity and low cost. This assay found that SeGlu was able to increase selenium deposition in liver of newborn broilers, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of liver by elevating the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. This paper as the first example clarifying the mechanism of SeGlu to enhance the antioxidant ability of chicks, shows that SeGlu can be used as an organic selenium enrichment additive for early nutrition of poultry. As a cross-discipline study involving chemistry, biology and agriculture animal science, the work may be beneficial for studies in related fields and prompt the development of the selenium science.
Due to the heterogeneity of tumors, single phototherapy cannot completely ablate tumors and inhibit tumor metastasis. To overcome these, we formulated targeted and multifunctional polymersomes ABC@ICG-IMQ-LHRH (AIRL) that encapsulated Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) in the hydrophobic layer as well as bubble-generator NH4HCO3 in the hydrophilic cavity to inhibit the growth of primary and distant tumors, and prevent tumor metastasis through synergistic photoimmunotherapy. The AIRL polymersomes exhibited uniform and stable size, and high drug encapsulation efficiency, acid/reduction/laser responsiveness, excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, effective reactive oxygen species generation, high tumor accumulation. AIRL could be effectively internalized by dendritic cells (DCs), achieve lysosome escape and enhance DCs maturation. The synergistic photoimmunotherapy via AIRL polymersomes remarkably promoted the differentiation and activation of T cells, elevated strong systemic immune response to eradicate primary tumors and inhibit the growth of distant tumors. Simultaneously, the endurable immunological memory prevented tumor metastasis, which provided a promising nanoplatform for the combination therapy of cancer.
A photoinduced copper-catalyzed alkoxyl triggered C−C bond cleavage/aminocarbonylation cascade is presented. Through adjusting the structure of alkoxyl radical precursors, functionalized lactones and keto-amides were synthesized with good yields and excellent functional group tolerance under redox-neutral conditions. Notably, this protocol enables the integration of lactone fragments with many amine drugs and drug fragments.
A variety of research reports on novel supramolecular topologies have been published over the last years. However, it is still a great challenge to tap into the inner functional properties of these complexes. Herein, two tetranuclear metallamacrocycles 1 and 2 and four octonuclear [2]catenanes 3–6 were constructed successfully via a coordination-driven self-assembly strategy, by conscious design and use of the tetramethyl bidentate pyridine ligand L1, and the appropriate selection of six binuclear half-sandwich rhodium building units with different longitudinal dimensions. The complexes have been fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, near-infrared photothermal studies of the obtained [2]catenanes reveal different photothermal response in solid and solution states, which may be attributed to a strong fluorescence quenching effect of the half-sandwich organometallic fragment and different conjugated effect of Cp*Rh based building blocks in the interlocking structures. The photothermal conversion efficiencies of [2]catenanes 4–6 fall in the range 30.5%–16.5% respectively. This contribution aims to play a key role in the experimental development of Cp*-based photothermal materials.
Traditional photo-electcatalyst structures of small noble metal nanoparticles assembling into large-scale photoactive semiconductors still suffer from agglomeration of noble metal nanoparticles, insufficient charge transfer, undesirable photoresponse ability that restricted the photo-electrocatalytic performance. To this end, a novel design strategy is proposed in this work, namely integrating small-scale photoactive materials (doped graphene quantum dots, S,N-GQDs) with large-sized noble metal (PdP) nanoflowers to form novel photo-electrocatalysts for high-efficient alcohol oxidation reaction. As expected, superior electrocatalytic performance of PdP/S,N-GQDs for ethylene glycol oxidation is acquired, thanks to the nanoflower structure with larger specific surface area and abundant active sites. Furthermore, nonmetal P are demonstrated, especially optimizing the adsorption strength, enhancing the interfacial contact, reducing metal agglomeration, ensuring uniform and efficient doping of S,N-GQDs, and ultimately significantly boost the catalytic activity of photo-electrocatalysts.
Inkjet printing has emerged as a potential solution processing method for large-area patterned films. During inkjet printing, a single droplet without satellite droplet is required for high-quality film. Herein, we propose a strategy for obtaining a single droplet by adjusting the reduced concentration (c/c*, where c* is the critical overlap concentration) in the range of 1.0–1.5. Droplet formation can be categorized into three distinct regimes: (1) c/c* < 1.0, satellite droplet; (2) c/c* = 1.0–1.5, single droplet; (3) c/c* > 2.0, no droplet. Furthermore, an inertial-capillary balance led to the 2/3-power scaling of the minimum radius with time for the solutions of c/c* < 1.0. However, for the solutions of c/c* = 1.0–1.5, the ligament radius decreased exponentially with time. Moreover, the Weissenberg number was higher than the critical value of 0.5, indicating that the polymer chains underwent coil-stretch transition. The viscoelastic-capillary balance dominated instead of the inertial-capillary balance. The resulting viscoelastic resistance reduced the length of the ligament and increased the velocity difference between the satellite and main droplets. Consequently, a single droplet was formed. In addition, the law can be successfully generalized to various molecular weights, molecular structures and solvents.
Herein, a novel molecular tweezer based on 2,2′-bipyridine-bridged porphyrin subunits was constructed for efficient fullerenes recognition. The syn conformation of the molecule, which was obtained by Zn(Ⅱ) coordination, gives rise to a proper cavity to interact with fullerene guests to form a stable 1:1 complex in toluene solution. It exhibits distinct binding selectivity towards C60 over C70. Moreover, the fullerene recognition capacity can be adequately suppressed by importing H2PO4− to competitively capture Zn(Ⅱ) along with syn-anti conformational conversion. Subsequently, the molecular tweezer regenerated to bind the fullerene by introducing the Ca2+ into the system. Significantly, the association-disassociation process can be switched reversibly and repeatedly.
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