^aCollege of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China

^bCollege of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

^cSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China

^dState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

^eSINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China

^fGuangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

^gTsinghua University, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Beijing 100084, China

^hInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

ⁱDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico Ⅱ, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy

^jSaint Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia

^kHydrogen Energy Laboratory, Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia

^lCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

^mInstitute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

ⁿBeijing Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

^oSchool of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

Received	Accepted	Published
2024-12-12	2025-07-30
Issue Date
2026-10-29