^aResearch center of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China

^bInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

^cState Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

^dCollege of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China

^eCollege of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

^fKey Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

^gSchool of Mechanical Engineering & School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China

^hShandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China

ⁱZhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Utilization, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China

^jSchool of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

^kInstitute of Ecological Environmental Protection and Pollution Remediation Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China

^lShandong Engineering Research Center of Green and High-value Marine Fine Chemical, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China

^mLaboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

ⁿKey Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China

^oSchool of Resource and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276002, China

^pSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

^qJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

^rEco-environment and Resource Efficiency Research Laboratory, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China

^sHebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reus, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China

^tHubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China

Received	Accepted	Published
2025-11-28	2025-12-08
Issue Date
2026-10-29