^aCollege of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China

^bSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China

^cDepartment of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India

^dInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga 4715-330, Portugal

^eHydrogen Energy Laboratory, Ioffe institute, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia

^fSchool of Physics, University of Electronic- Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

^gJiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

^hResearch Center for Nano Photoelectrochemistry and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

ⁱSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

^jChina-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, China

^kResearch Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran

^lDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Türkiye

^mNational Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

ⁿSchool of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

^oFaculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

^pInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

^qDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy

Received	Accepted	Published
2025-10-01	2025-11-26
Issue Date
2026-10-29