^a Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China

^b Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

^c Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

^d Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center (BSIC), Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China

^e College of Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China

^f Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

^g School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

^h College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China

ⁱ Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia

^j Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China