^a PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Kawasan Institusi Bangi, Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kajang 43000, Malaysia

^b PETRONAS Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) Enterprise, PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50088, Malaysia

^c CO₂ Research Center (CO2RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia

^d Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia

^e Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia

^f Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia

^g Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

^h Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India