^a State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

^b Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China

^c The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Department of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

^d Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China

^e Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

^f Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

^g Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China