^a National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Material Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

^b School of Materials Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

^c Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China

^d Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

^e Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research in Singapore (A*STAR), Jurong RI 627833, Singapore

^f Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China