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Outline
Accurate determination of the mechanical properties of Arctic sea ice during the melting season is essential for navigation safety assessment in Arctic routes, prediction of ship icebreaking resistance, and ice-load design of polar engineering structures. In this study, uniaxial compression, three-point bending, temperature-salinity-density testing, and microstructural observations were conducted based on laboratory experiments, field trials, and ice-crystal image analysis. The results indicate that, under laboratory conditions, the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice exhibits a pronounced ductile-to-brittle transition with varying strain rates, and reaches a peak value of 2.41 MPa at approximately 4.8×10−4 s−1. The field results of three-point bending tests revealed a marked layered strength profile along the ice thickness; the central columnar ice exhibited relatively higher strength, whereas the lower layer showed significantly reduced bending strength due to seawater melting and compromised structural integrity. Differences between laboratory and field test results are consistent with the difference in temperature conditions; under the test conditions of this study, ice strength obtained in the low-temperature laboratory environment (−10 ℃) was generally higher than that of field tests. Observations of ice crystals and pores indicated distinct layered microstructural variations within melting-season sea ice, offering microstructural evidence for interpreting the variability of mechanical properties, crack initiation paths, and mechanisms of structural weakening. This study may provide a reference for the selection of mechanical parameters of Arctic sea ice during the melting season and for the cross-validation of laboratory and field test results.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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