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Experimental and simulation studies on the anisotropic behavior of E40 steel
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Yi-jie CAI1, 2, Wen-jie ZHANG1, 2, Wen-qian ZHANG1, 2, Feng-yan SHI3, Yong HU3, Qing-yun YANG4
Journal of Ship Mechanics | 2026, 30(5) : 804 - 815
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Journal of Ship Mechanics | 2026, 30(5): 804-815
• Structural Mechanics •
Experimental and simulation studies on the anisotropic behavior of E40 steel
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Yi-jie CAI1, 2, Wen-jie ZHANG1, 2, Wen-qian ZHANG1, 2, Feng-yan SHI3, Yong HU3, Qing-yun YANG4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430068, China
  • 3.Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 4.Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Luoyang 471023, China
Published: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.012
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The plastic deformation behavior of E40 steel in the tensile state was investigated by unidirectional tensile experiments, and the results showed that it has significant anisotropic characteristics. Based on the experimental results, three yield models, Hill48, Yld2000-2d, and Yld2004-18p, were parametrically calibrated, and their strain hardening behaviors were described using a modified Hockett-Sherby model. A VUMAT subroutine was developed and implemented using ABAQUS software and combined with a sheet metal stamping experimental system to evaluate the engineering applicability of different yield models. Comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results shows that under bending radii of $ r $ = 200 mm and $ r $ = 500 mm, the prediction error of the Yld2004-18p model is less than 4%, with its prediction accuracy approximately three times higher than that of the Hill48 model. The study shows that the Yld2004-18p model can more accurately portray the anisotropic response of E40 steel, which provides an effective constitutive modeling strategy for the simulation of precision forming of ship components.

yield model  /  anisotropy  /  E40 steel  /  stamping forming
Yi-jie CAI, Wen-jie ZHANG, Wen-qian ZHANG, Feng-yan SHI, Yong HU, Qing-yun YANG. Experimental and simulation studies on the anisotropic behavior of E40 steel[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (5) : 804 -815 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.012
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.012
  • Receive Date：2025-07-17
  • Online Date：2026-07-07
  • Published：2026-05-15
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  • Received：2025-07-17
Affiliations
    1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Modern Manufacturing Quality Engineering in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430068, China
    3.Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
    4.Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Luoyang 471023, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.012
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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