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The main design calculation methods applicable to the reinforcement of spherical shell openings were systematically summarized focusing on the simulation of pressure bearing structures in a large-scale deep-sea cold seep environment. Then, as an example, the reinforcement effect was studied based on equal area method, pressure area method, and limit analysis method respectively under the conditions of opening ratio of 0.1-0.6 and pressure of 21 MPa for a ϕ5000 mm spherical shell. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the influence of the reinforcement length of the spherical shell and the reinforcement length of the connecting pipe on the stress distribution of the local structure in the joint zone between the ball and column, and a scaled model was used for verification. The results indicate that the dense reinforcement method needs less reinforced area and is more economical for high-pressure large-opening reinforcement design, and that the increase in the reinforced lengths of the spherical shell and the connecting pipe will effectively reduce the stress concentration factor at the junction and improve the ultimate strength of the local structure. However, the increase in the length of the connecting pipe has a certain marginal effect. On the premise of manufacturing feasibility, the reinforcement length of the spherical shell should be increased as much as possible. The structural stress calculation results based on finite element method are in good agreement with the measured results.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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