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The installation of spool pieces of submarine pipelines is important in the construction of newly-laid submarine pipelines. Due to the manufacturing errors in the process of producing marine pipelines, as well as the offset between the spool piece and offshore riser or the submarine horizontal pipes, the problem concerning the limit size offset of spool piece naturally emerges during installations. In this paper, the finite element analysis software ABAQUS was employed to establish the simulation model of a spool piece with flange joint based on the practical structural configuration and material parameters. As for the three typical situations in the practical process of the spool piece installation, the stress and strain distribution of the structure were obtained. Furthermore, the limit size offsets of the spool piece were calculated under the condition of satisfying the practical strength requirement. The mechanics and deflections of the spool piece during installation were discussed and analyzed in detail. The relevant conclusions are expected to provide the corresponding theoretical basis for the practical construction of the offshore platforms. And the research could have some engineering significance for the development and construction of offshore oil and gas fields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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