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Ice load on underwater vehicles breaking through ice covers from underneath is a significant concern for researchers in polar exploration, and the research on this problem is still in its early stages. Both mechanical experimental measurement and numerical simulation pose research challenges. This study focuses on the ice load of a cylinder structure breaking upward through the ice sheet form underneath in the Small Ice Model Basin of China Ship Scientific Research Center (CSSRC SIMB). A high-speed camera system was employed to observe the ice sheet failure during the tests, in which, with the loading position as center, local radial cracks and circumferential cracks were generated. A load sensor was used to measure the overall ice load during this process. Meanwhile, a numerical model was developed using LS-DYNA for validation and comparison. With this model, numerical simulation was conducted under various ice thicknesses and upgoing speeds to analyze the instantaneous curves of ice load. The calculation results were statistically analyzed under different working conditions to determine the influence of the factors on the ice load of the cylinder. The study explores the measurement method about ice load of objects vertically breaking through model ice sheet and is expected to provide some fundamental insights into the safety design of underwater structures operating in ice waters.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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