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Level ice is one of the main ice types encountered in the operation of offshore structures while vertical structures are a typical configuration of offshore structures, so it is of great significance to carry out the study of the ice loading on vertical structures under the action of level ice. Firstly, the interaction process between level ice and vertical structures was analyzed generally. Then, the model test of ice loading on vertical cylindrical structures was performed, and the failure model of level ice and the characteristics of the ice loading were investigated. Finally, based on the cohesive element model and the degraded constitutive model of sea ice, a numerical model was developed to simulate the crack propagation and crushing process of level ice, and test data were used to verify the correctness of the numerical simulation model. The work can lay an important foundation for the numerical and experimental research of ice loading and provide technical reference for the design and construction of offshore structures.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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