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Rock's mechanical parameters and fragmentation characteristics significantly change under the freezing and thawing environment in high-altitude cold regions, and it is difficult to directly apply traditional blasting parameters for excavation. Therefore, researching blasting design parameters in freeze-thaw environments is of great importance. This study analyzed the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on rock mechanical properties and conducted the crater experiments of single-hole and double-hole simultaneous blasts in ore rocks under freeze-thaw conditions based on Jurong Copper mine. Futhermore, the geometric parameters and block size distribution of the crater were measured after blasting, and the reasonable parameters for blasting design were determined using the mathematical fitting methods. Additionally, the changes in the blasting crater parameters of the mine were also compared and analyzed under four different rock conditions. The results show that the mechanical properties of rock mass significantly deteriorate with a decrease in uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of up to 40.6% and 54.0% under freeze-thaw cycles, respectively. The optimal burial depth ratio for single-hole blasting of freeze-thaw ore rocks is 0.678~0.789 under different lithological conditions, and the ratio of the optimal charge burial depth to crater radius is distributed in the range of 0.875~1.076. For Chibula mining area, the hole diameter is 152 mm, the diorite hole net parameter is 4.5 m×3 m, the corresponding explosives consumption is 0.56 kg/m3, and the tuff hole net parameter is 5 m×4 m with a 0.63 kg/m3 explosives consumption. For Jurong mining area, the hole diameter is 310 mm, the tuff blasting hole net parameter and explosive consumption is respectively 7 m×5 m and 0.61 kg/m3, and the granite porphyry hole net parameter and explosive consumption is respectively 8 m×5 m and 0.64 kg/m3.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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