In order to study the blasting vibration prediction and control measures of excavation in urban area under complex environment, the response law of peak particle vibration velocity and main vibration frequency is analyzed based on field blasting tests, and the blasting vibration prediction method is proposed based on the above two factors. The vibration reduction effect of hole by hole initiation and vibration reduction ditch is discussed, so that to obtain the optimal vibration reduction range of the ditch. And the control measures of blasting vibration are also formulated. The results show that the prediction formula of the peak particle vibration velocity and main vibration frequency is realized by considering the actual maximum single-hole charge and the actual total charge. The predicted value is smaller than that solely based on the maximum single-hole charge, and the prediction accuracy is increased by 3.2%. In the aspect of blasting vibration control, the blasting vibration is characterized by low vibration velocity, high frequency and short duration. Among all the measures, the effect of the vibration reduction ditch is remarkable. Considering the peak particle velocity, signal frequency band energy distribution and instantaneous input energy response law, the vibration reduction effect is the best within 1~6 m radius on the side of the ditch opposite to the blast source, and the maximum vibration reduction ratio can reach 77.5% within 1 m radius. For similar projects, the proposed blasting vibration prediction formula can be used for pre-assessment. When the distance of the building from the explosion zone is less than 10 m, it is recommended to implement vibration reduction ditch.