In order to select the shaped charge structure with low residual height and small fragmentation after blasting of concrete base, numerical simulation method is used to study the motion characteristics of jet flows formed by 60° and 120° conical liners and explosive formed projectiles (EFP) formed by curved liners with curvature radius of 10.8 cm as well as the vertical penetration process and damage effect on concrete bases under the same explosive charge, outer diameter and shaped charge liner thickness. The results show that: Different shaped charge penetrators have different penetration modes to concrete bases. The head part of the jet flow formed by the 60° conical liner penetrates the concrete base first, and then the pestle part expands the hole. For the 120° conical liner, the pestle body and the jet flow penetrate the concrete base together, while the curved liner mainly penetrates the concrete base by the formed projectile; the crushing capacity of the shaped charge is related to the diameter of penetration hole. The larger the hole diameter is, the stronger the crushing capacity is. The penetration hole diameters of 60° liner, 120° liner and EFP liner are 4.3 cm, 5.2 cm and 7.0 cm, respectively. In addition, the number and width of cracks formed within the penetration depth show an increasing trend; the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is related to the distance between the transverse through cracks and the bottom, while the formation of transverse cracks is related to multiple factors such as penetrator parameters, charge quantity and so on; for the concrete base with a limited size, a shaped charge liner with a large cone angle has a better comprehensive effect with respect to crushing range and degree. Although the penetration ability of EFP liner is the weakest and the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is large, its crushing ability within the penetration depth is the strongest. The study of blasting effect of different shaped charge penetrators on a concrete base can provide a reference for exploring damage mechanism and selecting destruction mode.