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A reasonable blasting construction method is critical to maintaining caverns' stability and water-sealing integrity. In this study, seismic wave detection and acoustic wave detection were conducted within a water-sealed cavern. The HHT signal analysis method was used to process the seismic wave signals generated by blasting, and both Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) were applied to compare and reduce signal mode aliasing, improving the accuracy of signal analysis. The marginal spectrum, instantaneous energy spectrum, three-dimensional energy spectrum, and loose zones in surrounding rock were used to evaluate the influence of different blasting schemes on the water-sealed caverns. The results show that the EEMD-Hilbert analysis method effectively mitigates mode aliasing issues caused by traditional EMD decomposition, producing a smoother and more reliable vibration velocity time-history curve. Marginal spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal reveals that the frequency band of the double-sided wall heading method ranges from 200 to 380 Hz. In contrast, the frequency band of the single-sided wall guide pit method is narrower, concentrated between 110 and 250 Hz, with relatively lower frequency energy in both conditions. The combined instantaneous energy of the double-sided wall guide method is higher than that of the single-sided wall guide method, with 41.67% and 23.73% of the total instantaneous energy concentrated in the first section of the cutting hole for each method, respectively. The instantaneous energy distribution of the single-sided wall guide method is more uniform and lower than that of the double-sided. The range of loosening rings on both sides of the arch waist in the double-sided wall heading method is about 1.0 to 1.2 m. In contrast, the single-sided wall guide pit method measured 0.8 meters and 1.0 to 1.2 meters on the expanding excavation surface and guide tunnel surface, respectively. A joint analysis of the EEMD Hilbert method and acoustic detection indicates that the single-sided wall guide pit method is more suitable for blasting excavation in water-sealed caverns.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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