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In recent years, the technology of controlled fracture blasting with sequential timing has been extensively utilized in the construction of mining engineering projects and hydraulic infrastructures. To investigate its influence on crack propagation mechanisms in rock masses, C50-grade concrete specimens with 3, 5, and 9 boreholes were cast. Detonators were used instead of explosives to conduct multi-hole blasting tests on rock-like models, examining the propagation paths of cracks and the effects of fracture formation. The LS-DYNA software was used to simulate blasting processes under various working conditions, utilizing the RHT constitutive model to characterize the dynamic failure behavior of rock. A fluid-solid coupling algorithm was employed to simulate the interaction between explosive stress waves and rock masses. By regulating variables such as borehole spacing and detonation timing, several numerical models were developed. Post-processing software was used to extract the simulation results, which were subsequently compared with experimental data to investigate crack propagation patterns within rock masses. The results indicated that time-sequenced controlled blasting technology effectively guides cracks to propagate along predetermined paths. Both the detonation timing sequence and borehole spacing significantly influence crack formation, with more pronounced effects observed in configurations containing a greater number of boreholes. Rational design of initiation timing and borehole spacing can substantially enhance the efficiency of explosive energy utilization while reducing damage to the surrounding rock. This study provides theoretical foundations and technical support for precision blasting operations in complex geological conditions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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