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This paper aims to explore the development of a risk management system for engineering blasting to achieve systematic management of quality, safety, environmental, and occupational health risks throughout the entire life cycle, encompassing all aspects and elements of blasting activities. Based on the establishment of comprehensive safety and environmental awareness, it advocates the use of systems engineering methodology to analyze risks in the field of engineering blasting in depth. The article follows the internationally accepted ISO 9001(Quality Management System), ISO 45001(Occupational Health and Safety Management System), and ISO 14001(Environmental Management System) standards, and constructs a scientific risk management framework. It is proposed to combine technical means, such as standards, metrology, inspection and testing, certification, and accreditation, with a risk management model for engineering blasting systems based on the PDCA (PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT) cycle. This model emphasizes prevention as its primary focus, and through improvement, it ensures that risks are within a controllable range. The article further introduces digital twin technology, and constructs the engineering blasting B-NQI (B-NQI risk-based digital integration of engineering blasting quality, safety, environment and occupational health) system, which realizes real-time monitoring, prediction, control and decision of risk information, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of risk management of engineering blasting system. The research not only enriches the theoretical framework of engineering blasting risk management but also provides practical tools and methods for industry applications. Constructing the B-NQI system helps reduce various risks in the engineering blasting process, ensures project progress, and provides strong protection for worker safety and environmental protection.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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