Due to their high energy density and zero emissions, hydrogen fuel cell UAVs have become a vital means of overcoming the endurance limitations of traditional lithium-battery-powered UAVs in the context of a growing low-altitude economy and the development of green aviation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and systematic categorization of the development and key technologies of hydrogen-fuel cell UAVs, along with a reasonable outlook on their future evolution, to serve as a valuable reference for related research. In particular, the paper starts with a summary of the scientific advancements and developmental history of hydrogen-powered aircraft, the inherent benefits of hydrogen fuel cell powertrain systems, and the state of the art in hydrogen fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles. Subsequently, a systematic analysis is conducted on the core technologies involved in hydrogen fuel cell UAVs, including hydrogen fuel cell technology, multi-source hybrid energy systems, airborne hydrogen storage technology, energy management strategies, and thermal management strategies. Lastly, a summary of the study’s significant findings is provided, and future research directions are indicated by matching the state of these important technologies' research with the real-world difficulties they face.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |