With the axle load and transport volume of train increase year by year, it’s necessary to use new type high strength rail to satisfy the operating requirements, prolong the service life of rail and reduce the maintenance of railway. The third generation of rare earth heat-treated rail is successfully developed by Baotou Steel through researching the composition optimization and heat treatment process of rare earth rail. Its tensile strength Rm≥1 300 MPa, percentage elongation after fracture A≥10%, tread hardness HB is 380~430. The experimental study showed that the rare earth was easy to attach to the inclusions in high carbon steel rail so that such inclusions as MnS and Al2O3 were modified; simultaneously, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was reduced and austenite grain size was refined by rare earth so as to improve the toughness of high carbon heavy rail steel. The wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance of rail could be significantly improved with new type heat-treated rare earth rail, which is suitable for heavy haul railway and section with small curve.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |