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The warping on surface of hot rolled plate and strip is always the common defect that troubles production of high quality strip. The causes for warping defect on surface of steel could be throughout the whole process of steel production such as smelting, continuous casting, hot rolling and cold rolling. The types of warping defect are various and influencing factors are complex. The causes of common warping defect are classified into 5 types based on their morphology and microstructure characteristics, which are subsurface inclusions, surface cracks, subsurface bubbles, rolled-in scale and edgefold of intermediate billet. The probability of occurrence of warping defect for products could be reduced significantly by enhancing management of production equipment and process interfaces, especially increasing the level of continuous casting process from the origin to improve surface quality of ingot blank.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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