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A Novel Approach for Visualising the Liquid Droplet Transfer Mechanism From a Surface to a Finger Pad Using Optical Coherence Tomography
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Zing Sian Lee1, Kazim Yildirimli1, 2, Matt Carre1, Joseph Lanigan1, Roger Lewis1
Biosurface and Biotribology | 2026, 12(1) : e70026
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Biosurface and Biotribology | 2026, 12(1): e70026
• ORIGINAL RESEARCH •
A Novel Approach for Visualising the Liquid Droplet Transfer Mechanism From a Surface to a Finger Pad Using Optical Coherence Tomography
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Zing Sian Lee1, Kazim Yildirimli1, 2, Matt Carre1, Joseph Lanigan1, Roger Lewis1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
  • 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
doi: 10.1049/bsb2.70026
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Viruses and microbes can be transferred from one surface to another via liquid droplets that result from, for example, sneezing. The exact mechanism of transfer from a surface to a finger-pad, however, has not been well studied. This novel work investigated how droplets are picked-up and how much liquid remains on each surface after contact is broken during a 'touching event' using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. These showed that the droplet was pulled towards the finger-pad as it approached and formed an 'hour-glass' shape as the finger-pad moved away from the surface before splitting between surfaces as contact was broken. Despite the spread of liquid during the contact, after the touch, droplets reformed. Three-dimensional images of the droplets before and after the touch were used to determine the change in volume. For the droplets tested (0.40-1.85 mm3), the results consistently showed a transfer of 77%-94% of the volume to the finger pad, suggesting that within this volume range, the transfer mechanism remains stable for this specific liquid-surfaces interaction. This study demonstrates the potential of OCT for studying liquid droplet transfer. This is important in designing surfaces for reduced liquid transfer and for improving models of droplet behaviour.

fingerpad-liquid interaction  /  liquid transfer mechanism  /  optical coherence tomography
Zing Sian Lee, Kazim Yildirimli, Matt Carre, Joseph Lanigan, Roger Lewis. A Novel Approach for Visualising the Liquid Droplet Transfer Mechanism From a Surface to a Finger Pad Using Optical Coherence Tomography[J]. Biosurface and Biotribology, 2026 , 12 (1) : e70026 - . DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.70026
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Funding
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  • EPSRC Programme Grant 'Friction: The Tribology Enigma'(EP/R001766/1)
  • EPSRC Centre-to-Centre Grant 'Tribology as an ENabling Technology' (TRENT)(EP/S030476/1)
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Year 2026 volume 12 Issue 1
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Article Info
doi: 10.1049/bsb2.70026
  • Receive Date：2025-06-19
  • Online Date：2026-08-27
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-06-19
  • Revised：2026-05-24
  • Accepted：2026-06-11
Funding
EPSRC Programme Grant 'Friction: The Tribology Enigma'(EP/R001766/1)
EPSRC Centre-to-Centre Grant 'Tribology as an ENabling Technology' (TRENT)(EP/S030476/1)
Affiliations
    1School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
    2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus		 种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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