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Effects of Braiding Parameters on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Artificial Ligaments
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Jian Song1, Guiyang Liu1, 2, Shenglin Li1, Xuanye Liu3, Yeping Peng2
Biosurface and Biotribology | 2026, 12(1) : e70021
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Biosurface and Biotribology | 2026, 12(1): e70021
• ORIGINAL RESEARCH •
Effects of Braiding Parameters on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Artificial Ligaments
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Jian Song1, Guiyang Liu1, 2, Shenglin Li1, Xuanye Liu3, Yeping Peng2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
  • 2Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Control and Intelligent Robots, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
  • 3Shady Side Academy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
doi: 10.1049/bsb2.70021
Outline
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Artificial ligaments (ALs), as important grafts for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament, often fail in rupture owing to inadequate mechanical properties and frictional wear in clinical practice. Braiding parameters affect the properties of ALs. Previous studies have been limited to investigating the effects of braiding parameters on the mechanical or tribological properties of ALs in isolation and lacked a comprehensive investigation into their combined or synergistic impact. Therefore, in this study, ALs with different braiding parameters are prepared, and mechanical and tribological indicators are integrated to conduct a synergistic investigation. The results show that as the braiding angle and number of layers decrease, the breaking strain increases, while the ultimate tensile force, elastic modulus, and yield force decrease. The number of spindles positively correlates with the mechanical and tribological performance of ALs.

anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction  /  artificial ligament  /  braiding parameters  /  mechanical and tribological properties
Jian Song, Guiyang Liu, Shenglin Li, Xuanye Liu, Yeping Peng. Effects of Braiding Parameters on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Artificial Ligaments[J]. Biosurface and Biotribology, 2026 , 12 (1) : e70021 - . DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.70021
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Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation, China(52475205)
  • Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China(2024A1515030208; 2023A1515110565)
  • Shenzhen International Cooperation Research Project(GJHZ20220913143005009)
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Year 2026 volume 12 Issue 1
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Article Info
doi: 10.1049/bsb2.70021
  • Receive Date：2025-05-27
  • Online Date：2026-08-27
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-05-27
  • Revised：2026-02-15
  • Accepted：2026-03-21
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation, China(52475205)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China(2024A1515030208; 2023A1515110565)
Shenzhen International Cooperation Research Project(GJHZ20220913143005009)
Affiliations
    1School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
    2Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Control and Intelligent Robots, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
    3Shady Side Academy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Citations
表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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