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  • Targeting the coronavirus membrane protein: A promising novel therapeutic strategy
    Dazhou Shi, Chunhua Ma, Shujing Xu, Peng Zhan
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(8): 4309-4312.
  • From S-nitrosation targets to drugs: A potential new paradigm in disease treatment
    Hui Ye, Jianbing Wu, Chen Zhang, Duorui Ji, Yihua Zhang, Zhangjian Huang
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(8): 4313-4315.
  • Engineered tumor specific AAV for IL-12 delivery in ovarian cancer immunotherapy
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(8): 4316-4318.
  • Nanocoated bacterial carriers enhance oral bacteriophage delivery efficiency
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(8): 4319-4321.
  • A5—A dual-target antiviral compound that rewrites the rules of influenza therapy
    Shibo Jiang
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(8): 4322-4323.
  • HomoPROTACKeap¹: A new strategy of chemical knockdown of Keap1 for allergic rhinitis
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(8): 4324-4325.
  • Artificial intelligence and anti-cancer drugs' response
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(7): 3355-3371.
    Drug resistance is one of the key factors affecting the effectiveness of cancer treatment methods, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Its occurrence is related to factors such as mRNA expression and methylation within cancer cells. If drug resistance in patients can be accurately identified early, doctors can devise more effective treatment plans, which is of great significance for improving patients' survival rates and quality of life. Cancer drug resistance prediction based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology has emerged as a current research hotspot, demonstrating promising application prospects in guiding clinical individualized and precise medication for cancer patients. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the research progress in utilizing AI algorithms to analyze multi-omics data including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, radiomics, and histopathology, for predicting cancer drug resistance. It provides a detailed exposition of the processes involved in data processing and model construction, examines the current challenges faced in this field and future development directions, with the aim of better advancing the progress of precision medicine.
  • Trends in intestinal aging: From underlying mechanisms to therapeutic strategies
    Yajun Wang, Xueni Zhang, Mengli Qing, Wen Dang, Xuemei Bai, Yingjie Wang, Di Zhou, Lingjuan Zhu, Degang Qing, Juan Zhang, Gang Chen, Ning Li
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(7): 3372-3403.
    Intestinal aging is central to systemic aging, characterized by a progressive decline in intestinal structure and function. The core mechanisms involve dysregulation of epithelial cell renewal and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition to previous results in model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster, recent studies have shown that in mammalian models, aging causes increased intestinal permeability and intestinal-derived systemic inflammation, thereby affecting longevity. Therefore, anti-intestinal aging can be an important strategy for reducing frailty and promoting longevity. There are three key gaps remaining in the study of intestinal aging: (1) overemphasis on aging-related diseases rather than the primary aging mechanisms; (2) lack of specific drugs or treatments to prevent or treat intestinal aging; (3) limited aging-specific dysbiosis research. In this review, the basic structures and renewal mechanisms of intestinal epithelium, and mechanisms and potential therapies for intestinal aging are discussed to advance understanding of the causes, consequences, and treatments of age-related intestinal dysfunction.
  • Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase: An important controller in maintaining mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunomodulatory homeostasis
    Yufei Hui, Xue Jiao, Li Yang, Dejin Lu, Yanbo Han, Wen Yang, Yanli Cao, Yuxi Miao, Shiqiang Gong, Minjie Wei
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(7): 3404-3418.
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammation-related diseases due to their potent immunomodulatory properties. Several studies have demonstrated that MSC-mediated immunomodulation is complex and bidirectional, with the in vivo microenvironment influencing the direction of this modulation. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive factor, has been identified as a key “switch” in the immunomodulatory role of MSCs. In this review, we explore how IDO functions as a critical regulator of MSC immunoregulatory plasticity. We delve into the mechanisms by which changes in IDO expression affect the function of various immune cells, summarize relevant research and clinical advances regarding the role of IDO expression in MSC-based therapies for various diseases, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies that target IDO to enhance the stability of MSC therapeutic effects. This provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing MSCs as safer and more effective clinical therapeutic agents.
  • Immune organoid for cancer immunotherapy
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(7): 3419-3435.
    Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the patient's own immune system to target malignant cells, has shown remarkable promise in reducing tumor burden and extending survival. However, the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) limits therapeutic benefits to a subset of patients, making it challenging to develop accurate in vitro models for drug response prediction, drug discovery, and personalized medicine. Organoids, three-dimensional (3D) “mini-organs” derived from individual patients that faithfully recapitulate the structural, molecular, and gene expression profiles of primary tumors along with their complex TME in vitro, have emerged as powerful tools for patient-specific drug screening and therapeutic strategy development. Their versatility has led to widespread adoption across both clinical and basic cancer research. However, a key limitation of traditional organoid models is their lack of immune system components. Recent years have seen significant efforts to address this challenge through the integration of immune cells with organoids, aiming to create more physiologically relevant models. This review describes 3D culture methods for immunocompetent organoids, explores organoid–immune cell interactions, and discusses their applications in cancer immunotherapy and drug screening, along with recent advances in related clinical studies.
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