Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

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Neuroimmune circuit mediates apathy in cancer cachexia

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(12): 6731-6734.
Decoding helical dynamics in viral replication: Cryo-EM unveils conserved assembly mechanisms and broad-spectrum antiviral targets

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(12): 6735-6738.
CELMoD-antibody conjugates unlock a CD38 feedback loop in multiple myeloma

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(12): 6739-6740.
New leap of BRD9 inhibitor: Imidazole substituents making BRD9 inhibitors excellent drug candidates for AML

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(12): 6741-6742.
Author correction to “AI-integrated IQPD framework of quality prediction and diagnostics in small-sample multi-unit pharmaceutical manufacturing: advancing from experience-driven to data-driven manufacturing” [Acta Pharm Sin B 15 (2025) 4193-4209]

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(12): 6743-6744.
Antisense molecules: A promising new therapy for atopic dermatitis

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(11): 5493-5514.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting all age groups, especially children, with a prevalence of up to 20% globally. AD remains burdensome and incurable with current therapeutic strategies—ranging from trigger avoidance and skincare to medication—primarily address symptoms rather than disease modification, underscoring the imperative for innovative therapeutic paradigms. RNA-targeted therapies, particularly antisense molecules, have emerged as a transformative approach in precision medicine, with proven clinical success in diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and familial chylomicronemia syndrome. These therapeutics achieve post-transcriptional regulation unattainable by conventional therapies, enabling direct targeting of messenger RNA (mRNA) and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) implicated in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, skin is better suited to the antisense modulation due to the relatively easy access to target cells. Numerous studies have explored antisense-based targeting of key drivers in AD progression, yielding promising proof-of-concept results and prompting several early-stage clinical trials. This modality represents a paradigm shift in AD management—one that aligns with the broader revolution in RNA therapeutics reshaping modern medicine. This review critically examines the evolving role of antisense technology in AD, addressing both its mechanistic rationale and the translational challenges that must be overcome to realize its full clinical potential.
Intestinal barrier in chronic gut and liver diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Yongxin Zhang, Yameng Liu, Xinyu Liang, Yingquan Wen, Jingjie Zhao, Yong He, Qing Xie, Cen Xie

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(11): 5515-5536.

The intestinal barrier is the primary defense that separates the host from the external environment, possessing several crucial physiological functions, including nutrient digestion, absorption, and protection against potentially harmful dietary antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. Nevertheless, various factors, such as diet, medications, circadian rhythm disturbances, gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and genetic predisposition, can disrupt the intestinal barrier. Such disruption may lead to bacterial translocation, subsequently triggering enterohepatic and systemic inflammation. Impaired intestinal barrier has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, particularly chronic gut and liver diseases. In this review, we will summarize the fundamental functions of intestinal barrier and discuss clinical correlations between intestinal barrier dysfunction and diseases such as colitis, colorectal cancer, and chronic liver diseases including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Additionally, we will also highlight some potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring barrier integrity to improve disease management.
Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies

Dengjie Ouyang, Ruixian Chen, Haitong Xie, Xiwen Yang, Qintong Li, Jie Chen

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(11): 5537-5600.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in immune responses, acting as primary sensors for microbial and host-derived signals. PRRs, which include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene 1-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and various cytoplasmic DNA sensors, are essential for initiating immune responses that regulate both inflammation and tumor immunity. Recent studies have highlighted their dual roles in cancer, where they can either suppress or promote tumor progression by influencing the tumor microenvironment and modulating responses to immunotherapy. In the context of cancer, PRRs not only activate immune cells but also contribute to immune evasion mechanisms within tumors. Therapeutically, targeting PRRs represents a promising approach for cancer treatment, with related drugs showing potential to enhance the efficacy of existing immunotherapies. Numerous PRR-based agents, particularly TLR agonists, are currently under clinical investigation for their ability to augment antitumor immunity and overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review examines the molecular mechanisms by which PRRs influence cancer, with a focus on recent advancements in PRR-targeted therapies and their integration with contemporary immunotherapeutic strategies.
The epigenetic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis: Pathogenesis and drug therapeutic potentials

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(11): 5601-5631.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents a persistent autoimmune condition distinguished by a multifaceted etiology that encompasses both genetic and environmental factors. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms behind RA pathogenesis has delved into the critical role of epigenetic regulatory processes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). These findings provide new insights into the intricate nature of RA and pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. This review consolidates the latest developments in the epigenetic regulation of RA, concentrating on how these mechanisms affect the dysregulated signaling pathways associated with the disease. We analyze the roles of specific proteins that function as ‘writers’, ‘erasers’, and ‘readers’ in epigenetic modifications, highlighting their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, in view of the significance of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RA, we deliberate on their involvement in disease progression and explore miRNA-based treatment strategies. By integrating these diverse epigenetic dimensions, this review offers a comprehensive epigenetic perspective on RA pathogenesis and identifies promising avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.
Next-generation clinically relevant antibody detection: Unlocking electrochemical biosensors for critical disease management

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2025, 15(11): 5632-5662.

Autoimmune diseases, cancers, and viral infections pose significant global health threats, characterized by chronic pathology, unregulated cellular proliferation, and rapid transmission, respectively, requiring urgent early warning and treatment strategies. Antibodies, primarily classified into autoantibodies and therapeutic antibodies based on their clinical roles, provide essential information and show considerable value in the precise diagnosis and treatment of these serious diseases. Among the technologies utilized in bioanalysis, electrochemical biosensors, with their unique advantages of rapid response, high sensitivity, miniaturization, cost-effectiveness and user-friendly operation, have been developed as a trending technology for precise diagnostic and therapeutic drug monitoring. This review systematically summarizes the relationships and roles of clinically relevant antibodies in autoimmune diseases, cancers, and viral infections, while detailing the composition, strategies, development, and application trends of relevant electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, it highlights the remaining challenges and opportunities for the advancement and prospects of electrochemical sensors in the context of clinically relevant antibodies.

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