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Engineered extracellular vesicles for combinatorial cancer therapy and imaging
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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B | 2026, 16(6) : 3540 - 3581
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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B | 2026, 16(6): 3540-3581
• Reviews •
Engineered extracellular vesicles for combinatorial cancer therapy and imaging
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Anita S. La'ah1,1,1,1,1, Nashmin Fayazi Hosseini2,2, Choongmo Kang1,1, Amirhossein Ahmadieh-Yazdi3, Mohsen Sheykhhasan4, Piao Yang5, Armita Ghotaslou6, Hamed Manoochehri7, Yun Suk Huh8, Heemin Kang9,1,1, Pooyan Makvandi10,2,1
Affiliations
    1 3. University College, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
    2 2. Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India;
    3 Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916978477, Iran;
    4 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran;
    5 Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
    6 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51385-1444, Iran;
    7 The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran;
    8 NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
    9 0. College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
    1 0 1. The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000 Quzhou, China
doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.03.054
Outline
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Cancer treatment has advanced significantly over the past few decades, resulting in improved patient survival outcomes. However, challenges like drug resistance, off-target effects, and systemic toxicity continue to persist. These underscore the importance of modified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a versatile and innovative platform for delivering combination therapies for cancer. This review highlights the utilization of biocompatible engineered EVs to inhibit cancer progression with reduced side effects. Further, outlining the promising approach to cancer treatment through combination therapies and imaging-guided strategies. Additionally, this review explored the biogenesis and various sources of EVs, which provides clear insights into future directions.
Modified extracellular vesicles  /  Cancer diagnosis  /  Cancer therapy  /  Imaging-guided therapy  /  Gene therapy  /  Immunotherapy  /  Drug delivery  /  Combination therapy
Anita S. La'ah, Nashmin Fayazi Hosseini, Choongmo Kang, Amirhossein Ahmadieh-Yazdi, Mohsen Sheykhhasan, Piao Yang, Armita Ghotaslou, Hamed Manoochehri, Yun Suk Huh, Heemin Kang, Pooyan Makvandi. Engineered extracellular vesicles for combinatorial cancer therapy and imaging[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2026 , 16 (6) : 3540 -3581 . DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.03.054
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doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.03.054
  • Receive Date：2025-04-23
  • Online Date：2026-09-17
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  • Received：2025-04-23
  • Revised：2025-08-29
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/apsb/EN/10.1016/j.apsb.2026.03.054
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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