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Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from the South China Sea IV: Family Bougainvilliidae (Anthomedusae)
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Donghui GUO1, *, Zhenzu XU1, Jiaqi HUANG1, Mao LIN2, 3, Chunguang WANG2
Acta Oceanologica Sinica | 2018, 37(10) : 98 - 103
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Acta Oceanologica Sinica | 2018, 37(10): 98-103
• Articles •
Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from the South China Sea IV: Family Bougainvilliidae (Anthomedusae)
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Donghui GUO1, *, Zhenzu XU1, Jiaqi HUANG1, Mao LIN2, 3, Chunguang WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
  • 2 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
  • 3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Hangzhou 310012, China
Published: 2018-10-25 doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1308-z
Outline
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This study reviews all genera and species belonging to the family Bougainvilliidae from the South China Sea. The Nubiella atentaculata Xu and Huang, 2004 formerly included in the genus Nubiella, now is transferred to a new genus Paranubiella and included in the Bougainvilliidae as Paranubiella atentaculata (Xu and Huang, 2004) n. comb.. Two new species, Paranubiella nanhaiensis Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov. and Nubiella apapillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov. from the South China Sea are described and illustrated in the present paper. In addition, the key to known genera of family Bougainvilliidae and species of genus Nubiella are described. Other data are briefly summarized to the list of species presented on the family Bougainvilliidae in the South China Sea. The type species were deposited at the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration.

Anthomedusae  /  Bougainvilliidae  /  new genus  /  new species  /  new combination  /  South China Sea
Donghui GUO, Zhenzu XU, Jiaqi HUANG, Mao LIN, Chunguang WANG. Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from the South China Sea IV: Family Bougainvilliidae (Anthomedusae)[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2018 , 37 (10) : 98 -103 . DOI: 10.1007/s13131-018-1308-z
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1 Introduction
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There are 750 species of hydrozoan recorded in China at the end of 2012 (Xu et al., 2014). Recent collections have provided new materials to update our treatise. The present study treats the family Bougainvilliidae, and it is the fourth publication in a series of taxonomic revisions of Anthomedusae in the South China Sea (Lin et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016).
Based on previous reports (Xu and Zhang, 1978; Li and Chen, 1991; Xu and Huang, 1994, 2006; Xu et al., 2008; Du et al., 2012) and recent records of the authors, there are 42 medusa species and 7 genera of Bougainvilliidae in the South China Sea. The purpose of this study is to describe one new genus of medusa, two new species, and one new combination.
2 Materials and methods
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The majority of the samples were collected from the South China Sea (4°00′–18°30′N, 109°00′–119°00′E) during June–August 2012. Part of the samples were collected from the southern part of Taiwan Strait in December 1987 and the South China Sea in August 2007. All planktonic samples were collected using a large-type zooplankton net (80 cm diameter, 0.505 mm mesh size) and WP2 zooplankton net (57 cm diameter, 0.202 mm mesh size) by vertical towing from the near bottom to the surface, or from depth 200 m to the surface if the depth of stations is more than 200 m.
Samples were fixed in 5% formaldehyde buffered in seawater, and stored in this solution. Specimens were examined using stereoscopic and light microscopy, and taxonomic identification were undertaken using the literatures, as specified in the references section. All drawings were made from preserved specimens using an attached camera lucida. Microphotographs were taken using either an Axiocam MRe5 (Zeiss) dissecting microscope or a Micaren DC200 camera mounted on a BH-2 Olympus microscope. Type specimens are deposited in the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration.
3 Taxonomy
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List of species presented on the family Bougainvilliidae in the South China Sea (SCS)
(N: northern SCS, M: middle SCS, S: southern SCS)
Class Hydroidomedusa Claus, 1877
Subclass Anthomedusae Haeckel, 1879
Order Filifera Kühn, 1913
Family Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850
Genus Bimeria Wright, 1859
Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859　 N
Genus Bougainvillia Lesson, 1830
Bougainvillia aurantiaca Bouillon, 1980　 S
Bougainvillia bitentaculata Uchida, 1925　 N　S
Bougainvillia britannica (Forbes, 1841)　 N　S
Bougainvillia chenyapingae Xu, Huang and Guo, 2007 N　S
Bougainvillia frondosa Mayer, 1900　 N
Bougainvillia fulva A. Agassiz and Mayer, 1899　 N　M
Bougainvillia longistyla Xu and Huang, 2004　 N
Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863)　 N　S
Bougainvillia niobe Mayer, 1894　 N
Bougainvillia papillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, 2014　 N
Bougainvillia paraplatygaster Xu, Huang and Chen, 1991　 N
Bougainvillia platygaster (Haeckel, 1879)　 N
Bougainvillia vervoorti Bouillon, 1995　 N
Genus Koellikerina Kramp, 1939
Koellikerina bouilloni Kawamura and Kubota, 2005　 N
Koellikerina constricta (Menon, 1932)　 N
Koellikerina diforficulata Xu and Zhang, 1978　 N
Koellikerina fasciculata (Péron and Lesueur, 1809)　 N
Koellikerina heteronemalis Xu, Huang and Chen, 1991　N
Koellikerina multicirrata (Kramp, 1928)　 N
Koellikerina octonemalis (Maas, 1905)　 N　S
Koellikerina staurogaster Xu and Huang, 2004　 N
Koellikerina taiwanensis Xu, Huang and Chen, 1991 N　S
Genus Nemopsis L. Agassiz, 1849
Nemopsis bachei L. Agassiz, 1849　 N
Genus Nubiella Bouillon, 1980
Nubiella alvarinoae (Segura, 1980)　 N　S
Nubiella apapillaris Xu, Huang and Wang, sp. nov.　 M
Nubiella claviformis Xu, Huang and Lin, 2009　 N
Nubiella crassocanalis Xu, Lin and Guo, 2012　 N
Nubiella globogona Wang, Guo and Xue, 2012　 M　S
Nubiella globosa Lin, Xu and Huang, 2012　 S
Nubiella intergona Xu, Huang and Lin, 2009　 N
Nubiella macrogastera Xu, Huang and Lin 2009　 N
Nubiella macrogona Xu, Huang and Guo, 2009　 N　S
Nubiella medusifera Huang, Xu, Lin and Guo, 2012　 N
Nubiella oralospinella Xu, Huang and Guo, 2009　 N
Nubiella papillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, 2009　 N
Nubiella paramitra Xu, Huang and Guo, 2007　 N
Nubiella sinica Huang, Xu, Lin and Chen, 2009　 N　S
Nubiella tubularia Xu, Huang and Guo, 2007　 N
Genus Pachycordyle Weismann, 1883
Pachycordyle conica Kramp, 1959　 N
Genus Paranubiella Xu, Huang and Lin n. gen.
Paranubiella atentaculata (Xu and Huang, 2004) n. comb.　 N
Paranubiella nanhaiensis Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov. S
Family Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850
Bougainvilliidae Bouillon et al., 2006: 126–127; Schuchert, 2007: 196–197; Xu et al., 2014: 200–201
Synonyms see Calder, 1988: 12
Diagnosis. Medusa bell-shaped; mouth circular, with simple or dichotomously branched oral tentacles inserted distinctly above mouth rim, ending in nematocyst clusters; four radial canals and circular canal; marginal tentacles solid, either solitary or in clusters, borne on 4, 8, or 16 tentacular bulbs; gonads on manubrium, either forming a continuous ring or in adradial, interradial, or perradial position; adaxial ocelli absent or present.
Remarks. Family Bougainvilliidae medusa included ten genera: Bougainvillia Lesson, 1830, Chiarella Maas, 1897, Koellikerina Kramp, 1939, Lizzella Haeckel, 1879, Lizzia Forbes, 1846, Nemopsis L. Agassiz, 1849, Nubiella Bouillon, 1980, Pachycordyle Weismann, 1883, Silhouetta Millard and Bouillon, 1973, Thamnostoma Haeckel, 1879 (Kramp, 1961; Bouillon and Boero, 2000; Bouillon et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2014).
Lizzella octella Haeckel, 1879, type species of Lizzella, is not well characterized and Uchida (1927) referred it to a young Spirocodon saltator (Tilesius, 1818) (Family Polyorchidae). The other species included in this genus by Haeckel, Lizzella hyalina (Van Beneden, 1866), is a doubtful species (Bouillon et al., 2006). These ambiguities render the genus doubtful and useless, so the genus Lizzella Haeckel, 1879 should not be used anymore (Schuchert, 2007).
The genus Lizzia Forbes, 1846 was usually included in the family Bougainvilliidae (Russell, 1953) due to the presence of perradial oral tentacles. According to the 16S polygeny and the origin of oral tentacles, Lizzia were removed from the Bougainvilliidae to the Rathkeidae (Schuchert, 2007).
As mentioned above, the family Bougainvilliidae (medusa) thus comprises eight previously known genera, excluding Lizzella Haeckel, 1879 and Lizzia Forbes, 1846. Additionally, the new genus Paranubiella is proposed.
Key to medusa genera of the family Bougainvilliidae
1. Without tentacular bulbs, lacking mouth…........................... .................................................…Pachycordyle Weismann, 1883
– With tentacular bulbs, with mouth…........................................…2
2. 4 tentacular bulbs…...................................................................…3
– 4 or 8 or more tentacular bulbs….......................................…7
3. Without developed tentacles per bulb.................................... ...............................……Paranubiella Xu, Huang and Lin, n. gen.
– With developed tentacles per bulb…....................................…4
4. More than one tentacles per bulb..........................................……5
– One tentacle per bulb.........................................................……6
5. Besides filiform tentacles also club-shaped or capitate ones ..............................................……Nemopsis L. Agassiz, 1849
– All tentacles identical in structure..Bougainvillia Lesson, 1830
6. Tentacular bulbs with ocelli............................................... ...................................……Silhouetta Millard and Bouillon, 1973
– Tentacular bulbs without ocelli…...…Nubiella Bouillon, 1980
7. 8 tentacular bulbs subdivided by cleft…..Chiarella Maas, 1897*
– 8 tentacular bulbs not subdivided by cleft….......................…8
8. 4 or 8 or more tentacular bulbs with solitary tentacle................ ................................................……Thamnostoma Haeckel, 1879*
– 8 tentacular bulbs with groups of tentacles…...................... ......................................................…Koellikerina Kramp, 1939
* No species recorded in the South China Sea.
Genus Paranubiella Xu, Huang and Lin, n. gen.
Type species: Nubiella atentaculata Xu and Huang, 2004
Diagnosis. Bougainvilliidae medusae mouth simple, circular, with simple unbranched oral tentacles, inserted well above mouth rim and armed with concentration of nematocysts; umbrella with four marginal bulbs, each without single tentacle; gonads situated on the interradial or perradial region of the manubrium.
Remarks. Type species is Nubiella atentaculata Xu and Huang, 2004. Based on having the simple unbranched oral tentacles, Xu and Huang (2004) referred it to the genus Nubiella. In most taxonomic characteristics currently used in genus Nubiella (Bouillon et al., 2006; Schuchert, 2007), only Bougainvilliidae species with unbranched oral tentacles and 4 solitary marginal tentacles assign to the genus Nubiella. But N. atentaculata has four marginal bulbs without tentacles. The same character was found in the other species collected from the South China Sea. It is necessary to transfer it to the new genus Paranubiella. The name gives an allusion to its similarity to medusae formerly included in the genus Nubiella. The species name will thus become Paranubiella atentaculata (Xu and Huang, 2004) n. comb.. It is represented in the southern part of the Taiwan Strait.
Paranubiella atentaculata (Xu and Huang, 2004) n. comb. (Fig. 1)
Nubiella atentaculata Xu and Huang, 2004: 553–554, Figs 3a–c; Xu and Huang, 2005: 86, Figs 3a–c; Tang and Gao, 2008: 302; Xu et al., 2014: 233–334, Figs 89A–C
Material examined. One specimen was collected from the southern part of the Taiwan Strait in December 1987.
Diagnosis. Umbrella bell-shaped, without apical projection; subumbrella cavity with 4 apical interradial conical projection; with 12 simple unbranched oral tentacles; with 4 large, ovaliform gonads on the perradial region of the manubrium; 4 perradial marginal bulbs, differing in size and structures, without a single tentacle.
Description. Umbrella bell-shaped, 2 mm high, 1.5 mm wide; apical jelly slightly thickened, thinning gradually toward umbrella margin; subumbrella cavity spacious, presenting 4 apical interradial conical projections into the apical mesoglea; manubrium elliptic like, about 1/3 the length of subumbrella cavity; mouth simple, without lips, with 12 simple unbranched oral tentacles, inserted well above mouth rim and armed with nematocyst cluster; 4 large, ovaliform gonads on the perradial of manubrium and extending toward interradial scattered numerous, round, granulose sex cell on the gonads; 4 radial canals and ring canal; 4 perradial marginal bulbs, differing in size and structure, of which 2 opposite bulbs are smaller than the others, with a short club-shaped endodermal process, extending slightly upwards from the basal bulbs into radial canal, and with brown pigment; other 2 opposite bulbs elliptic-like, from subumbrella margin clasping the exumbrella margin, all marginal bulbs without single tentacle; no ocelli; velum moderately broad.
Distribution. The southern part of Taiwan Strait, China.
Remarks. This species is based on simple unbranched oral tentacles and 4 marginal bulbs attributed to Nubiella atentaculata by Xu and Huang (2004). The arguments why we disagree with this identification are given in the remarks under the genus Nubiella. Because of marginal bulbs without tentacle, it does not belong to the genus Nubiella. The species is therefore described as type species of new genus Paranubiella.
Paranubiella nanhaiensis Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
Material examined. Holotype (TIO 018), the South China Sea, Sta. NNXW12109 (4°13′N, 112°48′E), depth 65–50 m, 4 September 2012, collector Xiang Peng.
Diagnosis. Umbrella near bell-shaped, with a well-developed rounded solid apical projection; subumbrella cavity without apical interradial conical projection; with 4 simple oral tentacles; with 4 large, ovaliform gonads on the interradial region of the manubrium; 4 perradial marginal bulbs, papillary, all of the same size and structures, without developed tentacles.
Description. Umbrella 2.5 mm high (including apical projection), 1.5 mm wide, bell-shaped, with a well developed rounded solid apical projection, jelly uniformly thick excluding top; subumbrella cavity without apical interradial conical projection; manubrium very short, about 1/3 length of bell cavity; mouth simple, circular, with 4 simple oral tentacles, inserted distinctly above mouth rim and armed with nematocyst clusters; with 4 large, ovaliform gonads situated on the interradial region of the manubrium; with 4 radial canals and circular canals; 4 perradial marginal bulbs, papillary, all of the same size and structure, without developed tentacles; without ocelli; velum moderately wide.
Distribution. The South China Sea.
Etymology. From the Latin nanhaiensis, meaning Nanhai. The species name refers to the type locality of Nanhai (the South China Sea).
Remarks. This species has simple unbranched oral tentacles; with 4 marginal bulbs, without single tentacle. These features place this medusa in the family Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850, the genus Paranubiella n. gen..
At present time, only one species in the Paranubiella is known. This new species differs from the Paranubiella atentaculata: (1) the former 4 simple unbranched oral tentacles, inserted well above mouth rim, but latter with 12 simple unbranched oral tentacles; (2) the former 4 large, ovaliform gonads situated on the interradial region of the manubrium, but latter 4 large, ovaliform gonads situated on the perradial region of the manubrium; (3) the former with 4 perradial marginal bulbs, all of the same size and structures, but latter with 4 perradial marginal bulbs, differing in size and structure, of which 2 opposite bulbs have a short club-shaped endodermal process, extending slightly upwards from the basal bulbs into radial canal, other 2 opposite bulbs elliptic-like from subumbrella margin clasping the exumbrella margin.
Key to the known species of genus Paranubiella
1. 4 perradial marginal bulbs, differing in size and structure; gon ads on the perradial region of manubrium; with 12 un branched oral tentacles…................................................ ....................…P. atentaculata (Xu and Huang, 2004) n. comb.
– 4 perradial marginal bulbs, all of the same and structure; gonads on the interradial region of manubrium; with 4 un branched oral tentacles…............................................................ ..............................…P. nanhaiensis Xu, Huang and Guo, n. sp.
Genus Nubiella Bouillon, 1980
Nubiella Bouillon, 1980: 315; Bouillon and Boero, 2000: 84; Bouillon et al., 2006: 135; Schuchert, 2007: 238; Xu et al., 2014: 232
Type species: Nubiella mitra Bouillon, 1980
Diagnosis. Bougainvilliidae medusae with simple and unbranched oral tentacles; umbrella with 4 marginal bulbs, each with a single tentacle; without ocelli.
Remarks. Bouillon (1980) established this genus Nubiella to accommodate Bougainvilliidae medusae that resemble genus Silhouetta Millard and Bouillon, 1973. There are some small differences in their 4 tentacular bulbs with ocelli.
At present time, a total of 16 medusae species (including one new species) in the Nubiella is known (Bouillon, 1980; Xu et al., 2014), 15 of which are reported from the South China Sea and Taiwan Strait.
Nubiella apapillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov. (Fig. 3)
Material examined. Holotype (TIO 019), the South China Sea, Sta. Y45 (15°46′N, 112°29′E), depth 1 430 m, sampling depth 100–0 m, 28 August 2007, collector Guo Donghui.
Diagnosis. Medusa without apical projection; exumbrella without nematocyst pouches; without gastric peduncle, with 16 unbranched oral tentacles, no oral tube; 4 tentacular bulbs crescent-shaped, without papillar-shaped endodermal process extending up to radial canals.
Description. Umbrella bell-shaped, 1.5 mm high, 1 mm wide, jelly thicker at apex, but thinner toward the bell margin, without apical projection; manubrium very voluminous, cylindrical, about half of the height of bell cavity, no gastric peduncle and oral tube, with a distinct apical chamber; mouth simple, circular, with 16 unbranched capitate oral tentacles attached above mouth rim; 4 perradial marginal bulbs large, nearly crescent-shaped, each with one tentacle, tentacular bulbs without ocelli and black endodermal papilla; gonads encircling manubrium; with 4 narrow radial canals and circular canal; velum narrow.
Distribution. The South China Sea.
Etymology. From the Latin apapillaris, meaning a-papilla. The species name refers perradial marginal bulbs without endodermal papilla.
Remarks. The new species has simple unbranched oral tentacles; with 4 marginal bulbs, each with one tentacle, with 4 radial canals. These features place this medusa in the genus Nubiella Bouillon, 1980.
At present time, only 16 species in the Nubiella is known (Bouillon, 1980; Xu and Huang, 2004; Xu et al., 2007, 2009, 2014; Huang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2012). This new species can easily be distinguished from the other species of Nubiella by medusa without apical projection, without gastric peduncle; gonads encircling manubrium; exumbrella without nematocyst pouches; manubrium without medusa buds and oral tube; but similar to Nubiella papillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, 2009, also has apical chamber. The new species differs from the N. papillaris by (1) the former with 16 unbranched oral tentacles, but latter with 8 unbranched oral tentacles; and (2) the former tentacular bulbs crescent-shaped, without papillar-shaped endodermal process, but latter tentacular bulbs with a dense mass of black pigment and a short, papillar-shaped endodermal process extending up to radial canals.
Key to the known species of genus Nubiella
1. With gastric peduncle……............................................................2
– Without gastric peduncle…....................................................…6
2. Gonads on interradial region of manubrium….......................…3
– Gonads encircling manubrium….........................................…4
3. Gastric peduncle cylindrical-shaped, about 1/2 of the length of manubrium; 4 gonads very large, global-shaped, without me dusa buds…..............…N. macrogona Xu, Huang and Guo, 2009
– Gastric peduncle broad-based conical-shaped, about 1/3 of the length of manubrium; gonads with medusa buds, oval- shaped….......................................…N. alvarinoae (Segura, 1980)
4. Umbrella without apical projection; with 8–16 unbranched or al tentacles; gastric peduncle very long, about 1/2 length of manubrium…...........N. sinica Huang, Xu, Liu and Chen, 2009
– Umbrella with apical projection; with only 4 unbranched or al tentacles….....................................................................…5
5. Exumbrella without scattered cnidocysts; marginal tentacu lar bulbs spherical; with medusa buds; tentacular distal half thicker and armed with cnidocysts...…N. mitra Bouillon, 1980
– Exumbrella with scattered cnidocysts; marginal tentacular bulbs erect elliptical; without medusa buds; whole tentacles with ring cnidocyst...…N. paramitra Xu, Huang and Guo, 2007
6. Gonads on interradial or adradial region of manubrium........…7
– Gonads encircling manubrium…......................................…12
7. Umbrella with apical chamber; 8 gonads on adradial region of manubrium; mouth rim with numerous cnidocysts; with 14 unbranched oral tentacles...................................................... ...........................……N. oralospinella Xu, Huang and Guo, 2009
– Umbrella without apical chamber; 4 large gonads on interra dial region of manubrium……......................................................8
8. Tentacular bulbs with abaxial cnidophores or club-shaped tent acles…............................................................................…9
– Tentacular bulbs without abaxial cnidophores or club- shaped tentacles...............................................................……10
9. Tentacular bulbs with a pair of club-shaped tentacles at medi al; manubrium with oral tube…............................................. ..................................…N. claviformis Xu, Huang and Lin, 2009
– Tentacular bulbs with abaxial cnidophores extending to exu mbrella; manubrium without oral tube….................... ................…N. crassocanalis Huang, Xu, Lin and Guo, 2012
10. Umbrella with apical chamber; with 12 unbranched oral ten tacles; gonads globular on interradial region of manubrium... ...................................…N. globogona Wang, Guo and Xu, 2012
– Umbrella without apical chamber…...................................…11
11. Medusa bell-shaped with apical projection; with 8 unbran ched oral tentacles……N. intergona Xu, Huang and Lin, 2009
– Medusa sphere-shaped without apical projection; with 4 unb ranched oral tentacles…...…N. globosa Lin, Xu and Huang, 2012
12. Exumbrella with nematocyst pouches above tentacular bulbs; manubrium with medusa buds….................................. .....................…N. medusifera Huang, Xu, Lin and Guo, 2012
– Exumbrella without nematocyst pouches; manubrium without medusa buds…......................................................…13
13. Manubrium without oral tube, and with apical chamber........14
– Manubrium with oral tube….............................................…15
14. With 8 unbranched oral tentacles; 4 tentacular bulbs with a dense mass of black endodermal process extending up to ra dial canals…................…N. papillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, 2009
– With 16 unbranched oral tentacles; 4 tentacular bulbs without endodermal process, nearly crescent-shaped…... ............................…N. apapillaris Xu, Huang and Guo, sp. nov.
15. Umbrella without apical projection, and with apical chamber; manubrium long and large, elliptical-shaped; oral tube sho rt, about 1/4 of the length of manubrium; with 12 unbran ched oral tentacles; tentacular bulbs with a mass of red endodermal pigment at abxial view, oval-like ....................... ........................N. macrogastera Xu, Huang and Lin, 2009
– Umbrella with apical projection, and without apical cham ber; manubrium flask-shaped; oral tube very long, about 1/2 of the length of manubrium; with 8 unbranched oral tentacles; tentacular bulbs without mass of pigment…... ...................................…N. tubularia Xu, Huang and Guo, 2007
Funding
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  • The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41676133; the Global Climate Change and Ocean Atmosphere Interaction Research under contract Nos. GASI-01-02-02-03, GASI-01-02-04 and GASI-01-02-02-01; the Marine Biological Sample Museum of the Chinese Offshore Investigation and Assessment; the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China under contract No. 2011CB403604.
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Year 2018 volume 37 Issue 10
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Article Info
doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1308-z
  • Receive Date：2017-06-29
  • Online Date：2026-04-14
  • Published：2018-10-25
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2017-06-29
  • Accepted：2017-11-23
Funding
The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41676133; the Global Climate Change and Ocean Atmosphere Interaction Research under contract Nos. GASI-01-02-02-03, GASI-01-02-04 and GASI-01-02-02-01; the Marine Biological Sample Museum of the Chinese Offshore Investigation and Assessment; the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China under contract No. 2011CB403604.
Affiliations
    1 College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
    2 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
    3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Hangzhou 310012, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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