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New records of a genus and a species of Neritidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cycloneritimorpha) from the South China Sea
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Zhiyun CHEN1, *, Junlong ZHANG2
Acta Oceanologica Sinica | 2018, 37(10) : 209 - 211
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Acta Oceanologica Sinica | 2018, 37(10): 209-211
• Articles •
New records of a genus and a species of Neritidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cycloneritimorpha) from the South China Sea
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Zhiyun CHEN1, *, Junlong ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea/Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • 2 Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Published: 2018-10-25 doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1326-x
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A neritid species Vittina pennata (von Born, 1778) is reported for the first time from the South China Sea. This is also the first report of this genus from Chinese waters. The specimen was collected from the Sanya Harbor, Hainan Province, China and deposited in Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Detailed descriptions of its shell feature are presented. Differences between this species, Vittina coromandeliana and Neritina pulligera are compared and discussed.

Gastropoda  /  Neritidae  /  Vittina  /  Vittina pennata  /  new record  /  China seas
Zhiyun CHEN, Junlong ZHANG. New records of a genus and a species of Neritidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cycloneritimorpha) from the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2018 , 37 (10) : 209 -211 . DOI: 10.1007/s13131-018-1326-x
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1 Introduction
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Gastropods from the family Neritidae Rafinesque, 1815 are generally euryhaline, occurring in marine, estuary and freshwater (Tan and Clements, 2008; Zhang, 2008). Species from the genus Vittina prefer to brackish or freshwater habitats. Currently, more than 20 species are known worldwide (Eichhorst, 2016a, b). While from China seas, no record of this genus has been reported, probably because there are very few systematic studies regarding the family Neritidae from this area (Chen et al., 2015, 2016). A variety of species have been reported from adjacent areas, such as four in Japan (Tsuchiya, 2000, 2017; Eichhorst, 2016b), eight in the Philippines (Springsteen and Leobrera, 1986; Eichhorst, 2008, 2016a, b). Benthos resources investigations in the South China Sea continuously performed for decades had accumulated vast amounts of neritids specimens. While examining the neritids collected from the area deposited in Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, we found a new record, Vittina pennata (von Born, 1778). Genus Vittina Baker, 1924 is recorded for the first time from China seas.
2 Materials and methods
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The specimen is preserved air dried and deposited at the Marine Biological Museum (abbreviated MBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. Based on the collection data, the distribution of the species from the South China Sea is illustrated in Fig. 1. Photographs were taken using Canon-EOS6D camera.
3 Taxonomy
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Neritidae Rafinesque, 1815
Vittina Baker, 1924
Neritina (Vittina) Baker, 1924: 144; Springsteen and Leobrera, 1986: 50; Tsuchiya, 2000: 107; Tsuchiya, 2017: 783.
Vittina Baker, 1924: Eichhorst, 2008: 276–279; Eichhorst, 2016a: 9, 104; 2016b: 1075–1077.
Type species: Nerita roissyana Récluz, 1841, by original designation.
Diagnosis: Shell medium-sized, globular to elongate shape; spire low to high; surface generally with variety of colors and patterns.
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: China (South China Sea), Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines, Japan. It is a new record for China.
Habitat: Estuarine and fresh water.
Remarks: Vittina was proposed as a subgenus of genus Neritina at first by Baker (1924). It has the similar shell-form as Vitta, but has considerably distinct radula. Moreover, Vittina distributes in Indo-Pacific; while Vitta distributes in American and West African. There are few reports regarding this genus, and most accept Vittina as generic status (Eichhorst, 2008, 2016a, b).
Vittina pennata (von Born, 1778) (Fig. 2)
Nerita pennata von Born, 1778: 420–421.
Nerita piperina Chemnitz, 1795: 173–174, Pl. 173, Pl. 197, Figs 1905–1906; Tryon, 1888: 59; Eichhorst, 2016b: 1093–1094.
Neritina piperina (Chemnitz): Sowerby, 1855: 518, Pl. 114, Figs 166, 167; Reeve, 1856: Pl. 4, Figs 19a, b.
Neritina pennata (von Born): Tryon, 1888: 59, Pl. 20, Fig. 33.
Vittina pennata (von Born): Eichhorst, 2016a: 9, 104; 2016b: 1093–1094, 1127, Pl. 337, Figs 1–12.
Type location: Unknown.
Material examined: MBM253905, 1 shell, Sanya Harbor, Hainan, China.
Diagnosis: Shell medium size, elongated-ovoid, 32.5 mm in length. Spire low, suture distinct between penultimate whorl and body whorl; body whorl inflated, almost full length of the shell, slightly constricted below the suture. Shell smooth with no spiral sculpture, growth lines visible. Shell surface covered with a blackish periostracum, part of body whorl yellow with variably sized black triangular patches. Aperture D-shaped, yellow; outer lip smooth interior with no dentition; inner lip smooth, parietal shield yellow with dark brown stain underneath, columellar edge slightly sunken in the middle with about 13 denticles. Operculum absent.
Distribution: It is only known from Borneo and Indonesia before. This is the first time it reported from Chinese waters.
Habitat: brackish water bay or lagoon.
Remarks: This species was first described by von Born as Neritina pennata in 1778. Besides the references mentioned above during the 18th and 19th century (Chemnitz, 1795; Sowerby, 1855; Reeve, 1856; Tryon, 1888), there are few more modern reports on this species (Eichhorst, 2016a, b), probably because of its narrow distribution.
Our specimen is a dead shell and the operculum is lost. According to Eichhorst (2016b), operculum of this species is tan to pale red in color, and appearance is smooth with fine axial growth striae and horn border (Fig. 2c).
The shell is covered with a blackish periostracum making triangular markings invisible, while surface of part of body whorl is yellow with distinct markings (Figs 2a, b). Eichhorst (2016a, b) considered that there appears to be a double layer of periostracum in Vittina pennata and called this thinner yellowish layer the second layer of periostracum. His research findings show that the final white shell is revealed if the inner layer is removed with bleach (Fig. 2d). This kind of periostracum is scarce in other marine neritids.
This species is similar to Vittina coromandeliana (G. B. Sowerby I, 1836) whose shells occasionally have the semblable triangular markings which is relatively stable in the former; nevertheless, Vittina coromandeliana has variable colours and patterns with relatively much prominent spire and gray aperture, while Vittina pennata has lower spire and yellow aperture.
Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility-TaiBIF (2017) listed Vittina pennata as synonym of Neritina pulligera (Linnaeus, 1767). Based on our examination and comparison, we found distinct differences on morphology and distribution between the two neritids (Table 1).
Funding
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  • The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41406185; the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. ZSBR-010; the Special Program for Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China under contract No. 2013FY111200.
References
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Baker H B. 1924. Notes on the radula of the Neritidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 75: 117–178
Chemnitz J H. 1795. Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet (in Germany). Nürnberg: Bey Gabriel Nikolaus Raspe, 172–176
Chen Zhiyun, Tan Yehui, Lian Xiping. 2015. Taxonomic note on the Lineate Nerite: Nerita balteata Reeve, 1855 (Gastropoda, Neritidae, Nerita). Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 34(4): 74–76
Chen Zhiyun, Lian Xiping, Tan Yehui, et al. 2016. Progress in the systematics of Neritidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Cycloneritimorpha). Marine Sciences (in Chinese), 40(8): 168–173
Eichhorst T E. 2008. Family Neritidae. In: Peppo G T, ed. Philippine Marine Mollusks. Vol I. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 276–279
Eichhorst T E. 2016a. Neritidae of the World. Vol 1. Harxheim: ConchBooks
Eichhorst T E. 2016b. Neritidae of the World. Vol 2. Harxheim: ConchBooks
Linnaeus C. 1767. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tom 1, Pars 2. Holmiae: Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii, 1253
Reeve L A. 1856. Monograph of the Genus Nerita. In: Reeve L A, ed. Conchologia Iconica: or, Illustrations of the Shells of Molluscous Animals. Vol 9. London: Lovell Reeve
Récluz C A. 1841. Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de nérites vivantes. Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne (in Franch), 11: 337–343
Sowerby G B I. 1836. A catalogue of all the recent species hitherto known of the genus Neritina. In: Sowerby G B I, ed. The Conchological Illustrations. Vol 1. London: Sowerby
Sowerby G B II. 1855. Monograph of the genus Neritina. In: Sowerby G B II, ed. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or Monographs of Genera of Shells. Vol 2. London: Sowerby, 507–546
Springsteen F J, Leobrera F M. 1986. Shells of the Philippines. Manila: Carfel Seashell Museum, 50
Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility-TaiBIF. 2017. Neritina pulligera (Linnaeus, 1767). http://taibif.tw/zh/namecode/314356 [2018-04-18/2018-08-16]
Tan S K, Clements R. 2008. Taxonomy and distribution of the Neritidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Singapore. Zoological Studies, 47(4): 481–494
Tryon G W. 1888. Manual of Conchology, Structural and Systematic: With Illustrations of the Species. Ser 1, Vol 10. Philadelphia: Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, 3–160
Tsuchiya K. 2000. Neritidae. In: Okutani T, ed. Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, 101–109
Tsuchiya K. 2017. Neritidae. In: Okutani T, ed. Marine Mollusks in Japan. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, 94–97, 781–785
von Born I E. 1778. Index rerum naturalium Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis. Verzeichniss der Natürlichen Seltenheiten des K. K. Naturalien Kabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil, Schalthiere. Pars 1. Testacea (in Germany). Vindobonae: ex officina Krausiana, 420–421
Zhang Suping. 2008. Seashells of China (in Chinese). Beijing: China Ocean Press, 46–50
Appendix
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Article Info
doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1326-x
  • Receive Date：2017-06-29
  • Online Date：2026-04-14
  • Published：2018-10-25
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2017-06-29
  • Accepted：2017-12-19
Funding
The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41406185; the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. ZSBR-010; the Special Program for Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China under contract No. 2013FY111200.
Affiliations
    1 Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea/Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
    2 Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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