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A new record of Auchenoplax Ehlers, 1887 (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from the East China Sea
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Jixing SUI1, 2, Xinzheng LI1, 2, 3, 4, *
Acta Oceanologica Sinica | 2018, 37(10) : 145 - 147
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Acta Oceanologica Sinica | 2018, 37(10): 145-147
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A new record of Auchenoplax Ehlers, 1887 (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from the East China Sea
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Jixing SUI1, 2, Xinzheng LI1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 2 Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 4 Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
Published: 2018-10-25 doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1312-3
Outline
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A new record of the ampharetid genus Auchenoplax, A. worsfoldi Jirkov and Leontovich, 2013, is reported and described from the East China Sea. The specimens agree well with the original description of Auchenoplax worsfoldi with two pairs of branchiae, two thoracic uncinigers with enlarged neuropodia and 12 abdominal uncinigerous segments. The present specimens have long and filiform branchiae extending to thoracic chaetiger 9, which was not included in the original description. This is the first record of this species in Chinese waters.

polychaete  /  Auchenoplax  /  taxonomy  /  East China Sea
Jixing SUI, Xinzheng LI. A new record of Auchenoplax Ehlers, 1887 (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from the East China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2018 , 37 (10) : 145 -147 . DOI: 10.1007/s13131-018-1312-3
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1 Introduction
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Ampharetids are small to medium-sized, tubiculous worms which have a worldwide marine distribution from the intertidal to the deep sea (Jirkov, 2011). Ampharetidae comprises approximately 230 species distributed among 62 genera, 34 of them monotypic (Read, 2017). The genus Auchenoplax, erected by Ehlers (1887) for Auchenoplax crinita, is characterized by two pairs of branchiae and modified (enlarged and moved ventrally) neuropodia of first two thoracic uncinigers. Jirkov and Leontovich (2013) rechecked the holotype of Auchenoplax crinita and amended the generic diagnosis, including the new observation that the thorax of Auchenoplax crinita is sharply subdivided into two regions. The genus currently includes four valid species: A. andamana Holthe, 2002 in Thailand; A. crinita Ehlers, 1887 in the Caribbean; A. mesos Hutchings, 1977 in Australia and A. worsfoldi Jirkov and Leontovich, 2013 in the Bay of Biscay. Auchenoplax rullieri Holthe, 1986 was considered an invalid species because of the brief description (Jirkov and Leontovich, 2013).
While sorting materials of Ampharetidae deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (MBMCAS), some Auchenoplax specimens were found and identified as A. worsfoldi. This is the first record of this species in Chinese waters.
2 Materials and methods
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Most materials were collected from the East China Sea (ECS) during the “National Comprehensive Oceanography Survey” (NCOS, 1958–1960) and the “Investigation of Oil Pollution in the East China Sea” (1975–1976). All the materials were deposited in MBMCAS. The specimens were examined and photographed with Nikon AZ100 stereomicroscope and KYKY-2800B scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specimens examined by SEM were critical-point dried, coated with gold, and observed with a secondary electron detector.
3 Systematics
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Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866
Genus Auchenoplax Ehlers, 1887
Type species: Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887
Generic diagnosis (amended by Jirkov and Leontovich, 2013)
Prostomium without dorsal glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth with a groove along one side. Two pairs of branchiae. Thorax distinctly subdivided into two regions: anterior segments (up to thoracic chaetiger 9) several times shorter than those of posterior ones. Neuropodia of thoracic unciniger 1 and/or 2 enlarged and displaced ventrally. Notopodia of posterior thoracic unciniger slightly displaced and connected by more or less developed transverse dorsal ridges.
Auchenoplax worsfoldi Jirkov and Leontovich, 2013 (Figs 1 and 2)
Type material. MBM190036, ECS (30°25′35″N, 125°00′00″E), 64 m, sand and mud, September 19, 1976, collector (col.) Tang and Xu; MBM190037, 3 specimens (spec.), ECS, 60 m, sand and mud, September 10, 1976, col. Tang and Xu; MBM190038, 3 spec., ECS, 64 m, sand and mud, September 19, 1976, col. Tang and Xu; MBM001817, 1 spec., ECS (30°00′00″N, 123°30′00″E), 57 m, sand and mud, Febtember 2, 1959; MBM190039, 2 spec., ECS, 60 m, sand and mud, September 20, 1976, col. Tang and Xu; MBM190040, 3 spec., ECS, 63 m, sand and mud, September 19, 1976, col. Tang and Qi; MBM190041, 7 spec., ECS, 60 m, sand and mud, September 19, 1976, col. Tang and Xu; MBM190042, 1 spec., ECS, 60 m, sand and mud, June 21, 1976, col. Tang and Xu; MBM001850, 1 spec., ECS (30°30′00″N, 123°30′00″E), 61 m, sand and mud, April 8, 1959.
Description. MBM190036. Specimen complete, about 24 mm long, 1 mm wide without chaetae. Thorax and abdomen well defined. Tube made of sand with some embedded shell fragments. Colour in alcohol pale yellow.
Prostomium acute, triangular, fused with peristomium, without dorsal longitudinal ridges or transverse nuchal grooves (Fig. 1a). Buccal tentacles few, smooth, with narrow vertical grooves. Eye spots absent. First segment achaetous. Paleae and post branchial hooks absent. Two pairs of branchiae in close lateral groups widely apart, base of inner pair branchiae connected by high dermal fold, forming high transverse ridge ventrally (Fig. 1b). Branchiae long, filiform, reaching back to thoracic chaetiger 9 (Fig. 2a). Innermost branchiae originating from Segment II, outermost branchiae originating from Segment III.
Notopodia begin on Segment III, present in 14 segments. Notopodia well-developed, conical, bearing bundle of winged capillary chaetae (Fig. 2c). Notopodia and capillaries of third to fifth segments increasing gradually in size. Neuropodial uncini begin on third chaetiger and present in 12 thoracic segments. Thorax sharply subdivided into two regions. Segments of anterior region (up to thoracic chaetiger 9) several times shorter than those of posterior region. First row of uncini slightly displaced ventrally but second row almost mid-ventral in position. Neuropodia of first two thoracic uncinigers enlarged. Rows of uncini in these two segments approximately 3 times as long as those in other thoracic chaetigers (Figs 2b, d).
Neuropodia of thoracic uncinigers and first two abdominal uncinigers tori, without dorsal cirrus; neuropodia of other abdominal uncinigerous pinnules. Continuous ventral shields present to approximately thoracic unciniger 7. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. 12 abdominal uncinigerous segments, without rudimentary notopodia. All uncini with two rows of 4–5 teeth (Figs 1c, d). Pygidium with pair of lobes.
Distribution. Bay of Biscay; probably other reports from East Atlantic: west Africa (Fauvel, 1932; Kirkergaard, 1959; Intès and Le Loeuff, 1977, 1984), Meditteranean (Laubier, 1966; Cocito et al., 1990) and Atlantic Iberian Peninsula (Gil and Sardà, 1999; Parapar and Moreira, 2009) also belong to this species (Jirkov, 2011); East China Sea (7–103 m).
Variation. The specimens are very slim (less than 1 mm) and long (up to 32 mm). One specimen remains two branchiae in one side, long, filiform, reaching back to thoracic chaetiger 9. Branchiae of the other specimens are lost. Rows of uncini on TU1 and TU2 approximately 3–4 times as long as those in the posterior thoracic chaetigers.
Remarks. Four species have been reported in the genus Auchenoplax. Our specimens agree with the description of Auchenoplax worsfoldi with two pairs of branchiae, two thoracic uncinigers with enlarged neuropodia and 12 abdominal uncinigerous segments. However, the original description did not mention the characteristic of the branchiae. The present specimens have long and filiform branchiae extending to thoracic chaetiger 9. The type specimens of Auchenoplax worsfoldi were collected from the Aquitaine Basin, Bay of Biscay (110 m). This is the first record of this species in the East China Sea. A key to all species of Auchenoplax is provided below.
Key to Auchenoplax species
1. Two modified neuropodia on thorax………......….....……………2
– One modified neuropodia……………....……......……………………3
2. 14 abdominal uncinigers….......…………… A. crinita Ehlers, 1887
– 12 abdominal uncinigers……………......……………………………… ……………….….....……A. worsfoldi Jirkov and Leontovich, 2013
3. First neuropodia modified….........…A. andamana Holthe, 2002
– Second neuropodia modified…...... A. mesos Hutchings, 1977
Acknowledgments
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The authors thank I. A. Jirkov (Department of Hydrobiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia) for providing us important references, Liu Wei, Kou Qi and Gan Zhibin (IOCAS) for their help with photography, and the managers of the MBMCAS for their help with specimens sorting.
Funding
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  • The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 31872194; the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project financially supported by the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) under contract No. 2015ASKJ01.
References
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Cocito S, Fanucci S, Niccolai I, et al. 1990. Relationships between trophic organization of benthic communities and organic matter content in Tyrrhenian Sea sediments. Hydrobiologia, 207: 53–70
Ehlers E. 1887. Reports on the results of dredging, under the direction of L. F. Pourtalès, during the years 1868–1870, and of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–78), and in the Caribbean Sea (1878–79), in the U.S. Coast Survey steamer “Blake”, Lieut-Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U.S.N. and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXXI. Report on the Annelids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 15: 1–335
Fauvel P. 1932. Annélides Polychètes provenant des campagnes de l’Hirondelie Ⅱ(1911–1915). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accompiles sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 85: 1–50
Gil J, Sardà R. 1999. New records of Annelida Polychaeta for the Portuguese fauna (with comments on some already known species). Arquivos do Museu Bocage, 3(19): 287–336
Holthe T. 1986. Evolution, systematics, and distribution of the Polychaeta Terebellomorpha, with a catalogue of the taxa and a bibliography. Gunneria, 55: 1–236
Holthe T. 2002. One new genus and three new species of the Ampharetidae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the BIOSHELF Project. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication, 24: 343–351
Hutchings P. 1977. Terebelliform Polychaeta of the families Ampharetidae, Terebellidae and Trichobranchidae from Australia, chiefly from Moreton Bay, Queensland. Records of the Australian Museum, 31(1): 1–38
Intès A, Le Loeuff P. 1977. Les annélids polychètes de Côte d’Ivoire: II. Polychètes sedentaires-compterend systématique. Cah. O. R. S. T. O. M., ser. Océanographie, 15(3): 267–321
Intès A, Le Loeuff P. 1984. Les annélids polychètes de Côte d’Ivoire. Océanographie Tropicale, 19: 3–24
Jirkov I A. 2011. Discussion of taxonomic characters and classification of Ampharetidae (Polychaeta). Italian Journal of Zoology, 78: 78–94
Jirkov I A, Leontovitch M K. 2013. Identification keys for Terebellomorpha (Polychaeta) of the eastern Atlantic and the North Polar basin. Invertebrate Zoology, 10(2): 217–243
Kirkergaard J B. 1959. The polychaeta of West Africa: Part I. Sedentary species. Atlantide Report, 5: 7–117
Laubier L. 1966. Decouverte d’une annélid polychète nouvelle en Mediterranée Occidentale: Auchenoplax crinite Ehlers, 1887. Documents Faunistiques et Écologiques. Vie et Milieu, 17: 438–440
Parapar J, Moreira J. 2009. Polychaeta of the “DIVA-Artabria I” project (cruise 2002) in the continental shelf and upper slope off Galicia (NW Spain). Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 50: 57–78
Read G. 2017. Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866. In: Read G, Fauchald K, eds. World Polychaeta database. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=981 [2017–04–24]
Appendix
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Year 2018 volume 37 Issue 10
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Article Info
doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1312-3
  • Receive Date：2017-06-29
  • Online Date：2026-04-14
  • Published：2018-10-25
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2017-06-29
  • Accepted：2018-02-10
Funding
The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 31872194; the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project financially supported by the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) under contract No. 2015ASKJ01.
Affiliations
    1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
    2 Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
    3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    4 Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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