The direct and gut microbiota-mediated effects of dietary bile acids on the improvement of gut barriers in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)

The direct and gut microbiota-mediated effects of dietary bile acids on the improvement of gut barriers in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

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Rui Xia^a^,¹, Qingshuang Zhang^a^,¹, Dongmei Xia^a^,¹, Qiang Hao^a^,^b, Qianwen Ding^a^,^b, Chao Ran^c, Yalin Yang^c, Aizhi Cao^d, Zhen Zhang^c^,^*, Zhigang Zhou^a^,^e^,^*

Animal Nutrition | 2023, 14(1) : 32 - 42

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Animal Nutrition | 2023, 14(1): 32-42

• Original Research Article •

The direct and gut microbiota-mediated effects of dietary bile acids on the improvement of gut barriers in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

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Rui Xia^a^,¹, Qingshuang Zhang^a^,¹, Dongmei Xia^a^,¹, Qiang Hao^a^,^b, Qianwen Ding^a^,^b, Chao Ran^c, Yalin Yang^c, Aizhi Cao^d, Zhen Zhang^c^,^*, Zhigang Zhou^a^,^e^,^*

Affiliations

^aChina-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

^bNorway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

^cKey Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

^dShandong Longchang Animal Health Care Co., Ltd., Jinan 251100, China

^eInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiangxi 330000, China

Published: 2023-09-10 doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.008

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Abstract

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Fish gut barrier damage under intensive culture model is a significant concern for aquaculture industry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bile acids (BAs) on gut barriers in Micropterus salmoides. A germ-free (GF) zebrafish model was employed to elucidate the effects of the direct stimulation of BAs and the indirect regulations mediated by the gut microbiota on gut barrier functions. Four diets were formulated with BAs supplemented at 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg, and these 4 diets were defined as control, BA150, BA300 and BA450, respectively. After 5 weeks of feeding experiment, the survival rate of fish fed with BA300 diet was increased (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed an improvement of gut structural integrity in the BA150 and BA300 groups. Compared with the control group, the expression of genes related to chemical barrier (mucin, lysozyme and complement 1) and physical barrier (occludin and claudin-4) was increased in the BA150 and BA300 groups (P < 0.05), and the expression of genes related to immunological barrier (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor growth factor β,IL-10, macrophage galactosetype lectin and immunoglobulin M [IgM]) was significantly increased in the BA300 group (P< 0.05), but the expression of genes related to chemical barrier (hepcidin) and immunological barrier (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and arginase) was significantly decreased in the BA450 group (P< 0.05). Gut microbiota composition analysis revealed that the abundance of Firmicutes was augmented prominently in the BA150 and BA300 groups (P< 0.05), while that of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria showed a downward trend in the BA150 and BA300 groups (P> 0.05). The results of the gut microbiota transferring experiment demonstrated an upregulation of gut barrier-related genes, including immunoglobulin Z/T (IgZ/T), IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10, by the gut microbiota transferred from the BA300 group compared with the control (P< 0.05). Feeding the BA300 diet directly to GF zebrafish resulted in enhanced expression of IgM, IgZ/T, lysozyme, occludin-2, IL-6 and IL-10 (P< 0.05). In conclusion, BAs can improve the gut barriers of fish through both direct and indirect effects mediated by the gut microbiota.

Key words

Bile acids / Gut barrier / Gut microbiota / Largemouth bass / Germ-free zebrafish

Cite this Article

Rui Xia, Qingshuang Zhang, Dongmei Xia, Qiang Hao, Qianwen Ding, Chao Ran, Yalin Yang, Aizhi Cao, Zhen Zhang, Zhigang Zhou. The direct and gut microbiota-mediated effects of dietary bile acids on the improvement of gut barriers in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2023 , 14 (1) : 32 -42 . DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.008

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Year 2023 volume 14 Issue 1

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Article Info

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.008

Receive Date：2022-08-30
Online Date：2026-02-03
Published：2023-09-10

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History

Received：2022-08-30
Revised：2022-12-29
Accepted：2023-03-15

Affiliations

^aChina-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

^bNorway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

^cKey Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

^dShandong Longchang Animal Health Care Co., Ltd., Jinan 251100, China

^eInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiangxi 330000, China

Corresponding:

^* Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: zhangzhen@caas.cn (Z. Zhang)

zhouzhigang03@caas.cn (Z. Zhou).

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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