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The effectiveness of chemotherapy is affected by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms; however, there are certain limitations. Electroacupuncture can regulate the tumor immune response and restore bone marrow hematopoietic function, which is affected by chemotherapy. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of electroacupuncture combined with cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer mice.
To establish a mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer, gene sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis, flow cytometry, and liquid-phase chips was used to observe the expression of immune cells and related factors in the mouse tumor microenvironment. Flow cytometry was used to observe subpopulations of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. PAC1 receptor agonists were used to observe mouse tumor immunity and bone marrow hematopoiesis-related indicators.
The combination of electroacupuncture with high- and low-dose chemotherapy had a better tumor-suppressive effect. Electroacupuncture can affect the gene expression profile of immune cells, especially the expression levels of Ccr1, Cxcr5, Zbp1, and CamkIIα, and increases the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 protein, upregulating the levels of cytokines Ccl4, Ccl3, and IL-6 in the tumor tissue. Additionally, electroacupuncture enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and M1-type macrophages at the tumor site, and reduced the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells. Furthermore, electroacupuncture remodels the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment after chemotherapy by increasing the number of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell subsets, leukocytes, and subpopulations in the peripheral blood. PAC1 receptor agonists have similar effects to those of electroacupuncture on hematopoietic protection and tumor immunity after chemotherapy.
Electroacupuncture may improve chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression, reshape the tumor microenvironment immune response affected by chemotherapy, and change the tumor immune microenvironment to an antitumor mode by regulating tumor local immune-related cytokines. The PAC1 receptor may be a drug target for the treatment of myelosuppression and immunosuppression in patients with tumors.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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