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To investigate the mechanism by which moxibustion regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats through the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.
UC was induced using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in both wild-type (WT) and P2X7R knockout (KO) mice. General health conditions, pathological changes, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the colonic tissues were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect NF-κB p65 protein expression in colonic tissues. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal, model, normal + herb-partitioned moxibustion, and model + herb-partitioned moxibustion. UC was induced in rats by cyclic DSS administration. Rats in the herb-partitioned moxibustion group received moxibustion at the bilateral Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (RN6) acupoints. The effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion were evaluated regarding general health conditions and histopathological alterations in colon tissue. The protein expression of P2X7R and NF-κB p65 in colonic tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry, whereas interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA levels were quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6.
Colonic epithelial damage and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced in P2X7R KO mice compared to WT mice, along with reduced expression of NF-κB p65 protein in colonic tissues (P < 0.05). Moxibustion improves histopathological damage, goblet cell number, and intestinal mucus secretion in rats with UC. Compared to the normal group, the model group exhibited increased histopathological scores, serum TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, as well as elevated P2X7R and NF-κB p65 protein expression in colonic tissues (P < 0.05). In comparison to the model group, the model + herb-partitioned moxibustion group demonstrated significantly lower histopathological scores, reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and decreased P2X7R and NF-κB p65 protein expression (P < 0.05).
Moxibustion at "Tianshu" and "Qihai" acupoints may inhibit the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory factors and reduce inflammation in the UC colonic mucosa by regulating the P2X7R/NF-κB p65 pathway in UC colonic tissues.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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