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Emerging drug delivery strategies in natural products and traditional Chinese medicine research: from individual approaches to integrated design
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Zhongjie Tang1, 2, Xiaoyi Chen1, Ying Li3, Kaicheng Tang4, Feiyan Gao1, *, Chong Li2, *
Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine | 2026, 6(3) : 326 - 341
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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine | 2026, 6(3): 326-341
• Review Articles •
Emerging drug delivery strategies in natural products and traditional Chinese medicine research: from individual approaches to integrated design
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Zhongjie Tang1, 2, Xiaoyi Chen1, Ying Li3, Kaicheng Tang4, Feiyan Gao1, *, Chong Li2, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
  • 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
  • 3Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
  • 4Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
Published: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000204
Outline
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Natural products and bioactive constituents derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are major sources of innovation in modern drug discovery and formulation because of their remarkable structural diversity and multidimensional pharmacological activities. However, their clinical translation is frequently hindered by poor solubility, limited stability, low systemic exposure, inefficient tissue delivery, and narrow therapeutic windows. In recent years, drug delivery technologies have advanced the field beyond conventional solubilization, stabilization, and encapsulation toward more integrated strategies that enable targeted delivery, barrier penetration, microenvironment-responsive release, and combination therapy. More importantly, certain natural products are no longer regarded solely as therapeutic cargoes but are increasingly repurposed as functional excipients that enhance structural assembly, delivery efficiency, targeting, and pharmacological synergy. This shift is driving a transition from formulation optimization centered on single active ingredients to integrated drug–excipient design. It also enables contemporary delivery science to reconnect with the holistic philosophy of TCM and the compatibility principles embodied in the monarch, minister, assistant, and guide framework. In this review, we examine the dual roles of natural products in drug delivery systems. We first summarize the developability barriers, delivery mechanisms, and representative optimization strategies associated with their application as therapeutic agents. We then highlight their emerging functions as excipients, focusing on key functional roles, construction paradigms, and recent advances in multifunctional delivery platforms integrating lipid nanoparticles, proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and living therapeutics. We further outline representative preclinical applications in cancer, neurodegenerative, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune-related diseases. Collectively, research on natural product–based delivery systems is evolving from single-formulation optimization toward integrated design guided by disease context, material functionality, and the holistic principles of TCM, thereby providing new conceptual and technological foundations for formulation innovation and clinical translation.

Drug delivery systems  /  Integrated design  /  Natural products  /  Preclinical studies  /  Traditional Chinese medicine research
Zhongjie Tang, Xiaoyi Chen, Ying Li, Kaicheng Tang, Feiyan Gao, Chong Li. Emerging drug delivery strategies in natural products and traditional Chinese medicine research: from individual approaches to integrated design[J]. Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine, 2026 , 6 (3) : 326 -341 . DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000204
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Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373808)
  • Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province Fund(KGR202407)
References
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Year 2026 volume 6 Issue 3
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Article Info
doi: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000204
  • Receive Date：2026-04-11
  • Online Date：2026-11-04
  • Published：2026-09-25
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2026-04-11
  • Accepted：2026-07-11
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373808)
Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province Fund(KGR202407)
Affiliations
    1State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
    2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
    3Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
    4Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China

Corresponding:

* Chong Li, E-mail: ;
Feiyan Gao, E-mail: .
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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