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Review of the current clinical and preclinical evidence pertaining to the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa)
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Rajkapoor Balasubramanian1, *, Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen2, Arun Shanmugam3
Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine | 2025, 5(1) : 46 - 56
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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine | 2025, 5(1): 46-56
• Review Articles •
Review of the current clinical and preclinical evidence pertaining to the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa)
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Rajkapoor Balasubramanian1, *, Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen2, Arun Shanmugam3
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pharmacology, J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, India
  • 2Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, UAE
  • 3Department of Pharmacy Practice, J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, India
Published: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000151
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Humans and other vertebrates are safeguarded from invading pathogenic microbes by the immune system. Black seed, scientifically known as Nigella sativa, has garnered attention for its potential immunomodulatory effects in both clinical and preclinical studies. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing body of evidence surrounding the immunological impact of black seeds. In this review, we analyze the immunomodulatory potentials of black seeds (N. sativa). For the purpose of finding pertinent publications, the literatures was searched in web-based databases, including Web of Science, Medline/PMC/PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and reference lists. Several clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that supplementation with black seeds (N. sativa) has potential immunomodulatory activity. Black seeds (N. sativa) may influence immune responses through a variety of mechanisms. By synthesizing and critically assessing the current state of knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic uses and future research directions for harnessing the immunological benefits of this natural remedy.

Black seeds  /  Immunomodulation  /  Immunostimulation  /  Immunosuppression  /  Interferon  /  Lymphocytes  /  Nigella sativa
Rajkapoor Balasubramanian, Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Arun Shanmugam. Review of the current clinical and preclinical evidence pertaining to the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa)[J]. Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine, 2025 , 5 (1) : 46 -56 . DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000151
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doi: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000151
  • Receive Date：2024-02-04
  • Online Date：2026-11-04
  • Published：2025-03-25
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History
  • Received：2024-02-04
  • Accepted：2025-02-18
Affiliations
    1Department of Pharmacology, J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, India
    2Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, UAE
    3Department of Pharmacy Practice, J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, India

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* Rajkapoor Balasubramanian, E-mail: .
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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