Full
Outline
Carbon steel, as a core engineering material, is widely applied across industrial sectors. However, its corrosion issues result in annual global economic losses equivalent to approximately 3%~5% of GDP. Traditional protection technologies, such as phosphating/chromating processes (associated with heavy metal contamination) and epoxy resin coatings (limited by high porosity), have become increasingly prominent in their shortcomings. In recent years, inspired by the lotus effect, superhydrophobic coatings fabricated by various techniques can effectively mitigate the corrosion of carbon steel. Gradient design strategies (e. g., KCC-1 or ZIFs-based underlayers combined with superhydrophobic topcoats) and the adoption of stimuli-responsive materials (pH-or temperature-triggered self-healing agents) can greatly improve the intrinsic protective performance of superhydrophobic coatings and endow them with self-repairing functionality simultaneously. Nevertheless, several critical issues still restrict further development, including inadequate mechanical durability (vulnerability of micro/nanostructures), poor adaptability to complex service environments (performance failure under high temperature or strong acid-alkali conditions), fabrication bottlenecks (difficult dispersion of nanomaterials), and ecological compatibility risks (pollution induced by fluorinated compounds). Current research progress of anti-corrosion coatings for carbon steel substrates is summarized herein with a focus on the development status of superhydrophobic coatings. Outcomes can guide subsequent optimization of biomimetic hierarchical structures, exploitation of eco-friendly materials, and establishment of synergistic self-healing-superhydrophobic protection systems, so as to advance carbon steel protection technologies toward long-term service life, intelligence and environmental sustainability.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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