Article(id=1256541029025571348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718812800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-20, revisedDate=1723564800000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512326722, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512326722, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512326722, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512326722, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=117, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541032527815223, articleId=1256541029025571348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Effects of Drought and Re-Watering on Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Endogenous Hormones in Sweetpotato Roots during Tuberous Root Differentiation and Formation Stage, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Drought experiments were carried out in different stages of tuberous root differentiation and formation by potting soil cultivation to analyze the changes of reactive oxygen species metabolism and endogenous hormone content in sweetpotato roots. The results showed that drought stress caused the decrease of sweetpotato fresh tuber weight per plant, and the earlier the drought, the greater the effect. Compared with normal irrigation treatment (CK), the O2-. content in sweetpotato roots was significantly decreased and H2O2 content was significantly increased under drought stress. The increase of H2O2 was effectively inhibited after rehydration. Drought stress at different periods resulted in the decrease of activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in sweetpotato roots, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased significantly in early, middle and late stages of sweetpotato root differentiation and formation under drought stress. The results showed that the root system of sweetpotato mainly relied on APX to remove reactive oxygen species under drought stress, and SOD also made great contribution to the removal of reactive oxygen species during the early and middle stages of drought stress. After rehydration, the APX activity in sweetpotato roots decreased, while POD activity increased, indicating that sweetpotato root recovered the damage caused by drought stress by enhancing POD activity to improve antioxidant capacity after rehydration. In addition, the free proline content in sweetpotato roots increased under drought stress, and as an osmotic regulator to resist drought stress, the proline content in sweetpotato roots decreased after rehydration. Compared with CK, the contents of ABA and JA in sweetpotato roots for the treatments of D8-14 and D15-21 were significantly increased, while the contents of GA and IAA were significantly decreased, and the decreasing ranges were smaller than the increasing ranges of ABA and JA. When drought treatment (D22-28) was carried out at late stage of root differentiation and formation, the contents of these four endogenous hormones in sweetpotato roots did not change significantly. These results indicated that when sweetpotato was subjected to drought stress in early and middle stages of tuberous root differentiation and formation, it responded strongly by increasing the contents of JA and ABA in roots. However, when sweetpotato was subjected to drought stress during tuberous root differentiation and formation stage, only JA had a significant increase.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hao Wu, Jinping He, Zhaoxia Liao, Chengkang Xue, Yaoyao Wu, Zongyun Li, Jingran Liu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256541066329711525, articleId=1256541029025571348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=CN, title=块根分化建成期干旱―复水对甘薯根系活性氧代谢与内源激素的影响, columnId=1256536352674427254, journalTitle=作物杂志, columnName=生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=采用盆栽土培方式在块根分化建成的不同时期开展干旱试验,分析甘薯根系活性氧代谢以及内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:干旱胁迫导致甘薯单株鲜薯重下降,且干旱时间越早影响越大;与正常灌水处理(CK)相比,干旱胁迫下甘薯根系超氧阴离子(O2-. )含量显著降低,过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著增加;复水后H2O2增长幅度被有效抑制。不同时期的干旱胁迫均会导致甘薯根系过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性在甘薯块根分化建成的前中后期遭遇干旱胁迫时显著提升。结果表明甘薯根系遇到干旱胁迫时主要依靠APX清除活性氧,前中期干旱时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对活性氧清除也做出较大贡献。待复水后,甘薯根系APX活性降低,而POD活性相对增加,说明复水后甘薯根系通过增强POD活性提高抗氧化能力,以恢复干旱胁迫所带来的伤害。此外,干旱胁迫下甘薯根系游离脯氨酸含量增加,作为渗透调节物质抵御干旱胁迫,复水后根系脯氨酸含量降低。与CK处理相比,D8-14和D15-21处理的甘薯根系脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量显著增加,而赤霉素和吲哚乙酸含量显著降低,且降低幅度均小于ABA和JA的增加幅度。在块根分化建成后期进行干旱处理(D22-28)时,甘薯根系的这4种内源激素含量变化均未达到显著水平。说明甘薯在块根分化建成前期和中期受到干旱胁迫时,主要通过升高根系ABA和JA的含量来应对胁迫,但在块根膨大期遭遇干旱胁迫时,仅JA有显著的增加。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘敬然,研究方向为植物逆境生理,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kyFi6WyMeK5dAU/Yn7aABA==, magXml=43/Jdwl2Cxbwh98W/4IFjQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gjhMRKhB1NoC8RNSumtdwg==, pdfFileSize=526839, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=gpGohvh7PigXfIs4Yu3JyA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=s+Tbp+aEc4cXKPCtxafMrw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴昊,研究方向为植物逆境生理,E-mail:

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吴昊,研究方向为植物逆境生理,E-mail:

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吴昊,研究方向为植物逆境生理,E-mail:

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Don幼苗生理生化指标的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119224078884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=117, issue=2, pageStart=575, pageEnd=584, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Xu X, Van L A A, Vermeer E, journalName=Plant Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu X, Van L A A, Vermeer E, et al. The role of gibberellin, abscisic acid, and sucrose in the regulation of potato tuber formation in vitro. Plant Physiology, 1998, 117(2):575-584., articleTitle=The role of gibberellin, abscisic acid, and sucrose in the regulation of potato tuber formation in vitro, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119387656744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=104, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Per T S, Khan M I R, Anjum N A, journalName=Environmental and Experimental Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Per T S, Khan M I R, Anjum N A, et al. Jasmonates in plants under abiotic stresses: crosstalk with other phytohormones matters. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2018,145:104-120., articleTitle=Jasmonates in plants under abiotic stresses: crosstalk with other phytohormones matters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119626732072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=961, pageEnd=974, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Singh A, Roychoudhury A, journalName=Plant Cell Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Singh A, Roychoudhury A. Abscisic acid in plants under abiotic stress: crosstalk with major phytohormones. Plant Cell Reports, 2023, 42(6):961-974., articleTitle=Abscisic acid in plants under abiotic stress: crosstalk with major phytohormones, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119794504237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Xue C K, Sheng M F, Zhu J Y, journalName=Plant Cell Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xue C K, Sheng M F, Zhu J Y, et al. Antioxidant capacity and root K+ retention: regulation mechanisms of drought tolerance in sweetpotato. Plant Cell Reports, 2025,44:239., articleTitle=Antioxidant capacity and root K+ retention: regulation mechanisms of drought tolerance in sweetpotato, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119983247918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=2, pageStart=518, pageEnd=528, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=张海燕, 解备涛, 姜常松, journalName=作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张海燕, 解备涛, 姜常松, . 不同抗旱性甘薯品种叶片生理性状差异及抗旱指标筛选. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2):518-528., articleTitle=不同抗旱性甘薯品种叶片生理性状差异及抗旱指标筛选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541120142631472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=He J P, Wu Y Y, Xue C K, journalName=Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He J P, Wu Y Y, Xue C K, et al. Coordinated regulation between jasmonic acid and abscisic acid mediates drought tolerance in sweetpotato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2025,229:110260., articleTitle=Coordinated regulation between jasmonic acid and abscisic acid mediates drought tolerance in sweetpotato, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256541110986465696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, awardId=32272221, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(32272221), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256541111196180902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, awardId=CARS-10, language=CN, fundingSource=国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256541111313621416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, awardId=2024XKT1591, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT1591), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256541111502365102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, awardId=2024XKT1574, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT1574), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256541070536598456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541070544987065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, companyId=1256541070536598456, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541070553375674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, companyId=1256541070536598456, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江苏师范大学生命科学学院,221116,江苏徐州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256541105911357761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541029025571348, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Drought treatment marker

This phase is treated with drought for seven days.

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此阶段进行干旱处理7 d。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level.

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不同的小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。

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“*”and“**”indicate significant or extremely significant differences at the P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively, the same below.

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“*”和“**”分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平上差异显著或极显著,下同。

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块根分化建成期干旱―复水对甘薯根系活性氧代谢与内源激素的影响
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吴昊 , 贺金萍 , 廖朝霞 , 薛承康 , 吴瑶瑶 , 李宗芸 , 刘敬然
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(1): 111-117
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(1): 111-117
块根分化建成期干旱―复水对甘薯根系活性氧代谢与内源激素的影响
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吴昊 , 贺金萍, 廖朝霞, 薛承康, 吴瑶瑶, 李宗芸, 刘敬然
作者信息
  • 江苏师范大学生命科学学院,221116,江苏徐州
  • 吴昊,研究方向为植物逆境生理,E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘敬然,研究方向为植物逆境生理,E-mail:
Effects of Drought and Re-Watering on Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Endogenous Hormones in Sweetpotato Roots during Tuberous Root Differentiation and Formation Stage
Hao Wu , Jinping He, Zhaoxia Liao, Chengkang Xue, Yaoyao Wu, Zongyun Li, Jingran Liu
Affiliations
  • School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.014
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采用盆栽土培方式在块根分化建成的不同时期开展干旱试验,分析甘薯根系活性氧代谢以及内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:干旱胁迫导致甘薯单株鲜薯重下降,且干旱时间越早影响越大;与正常灌水处理(CK)相比,干旱胁迫下甘薯根系超氧阴离子(O2-. )含量显著降低,过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著增加;复水后H2O2增长幅度被有效抑制。不同时期的干旱胁迫均会导致甘薯根系过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性在甘薯块根分化建成的前中后期遭遇干旱胁迫时显著提升。结果表明甘薯根系遇到干旱胁迫时主要依靠APX清除活性氧,前中期干旱时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对活性氧清除也做出较大贡献。待复水后,甘薯根系APX活性降低,而POD活性相对增加,说明复水后甘薯根系通过增强POD活性提高抗氧化能力,以恢复干旱胁迫所带来的伤害。此外,干旱胁迫下甘薯根系游离脯氨酸含量增加,作为渗透调节物质抵御干旱胁迫,复水后根系脯氨酸含量降低。与CK处理相比,D8-14和D15-21处理的甘薯根系脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量显著增加,而赤霉素和吲哚乙酸含量显著降低,且降低幅度均小于ABA和JA的增加幅度。在块根分化建成后期进行干旱处理(D22-28)时,甘薯根系的这4种内源激素含量变化均未达到显著水平。说明甘薯在块根分化建成前期和中期受到干旱胁迫时,主要通过升高根系ABA和JA的含量来应对胁迫,但在块根膨大期遭遇干旱胁迫时,仅JA有显著的增加。
甘薯  /  干旱  /  块根分化建成  /  内源激素  /  活性氧代谢

Drought experiments were carried out in different stages of tuberous root differentiation and formation by potting soil cultivation to analyze the changes of reactive oxygen species metabolism and endogenous hormone content in sweetpotato roots. The results showed that drought stress caused the decrease of sweetpotato fresh tuber weight per plant, and the earlier the drought, the greater the effect. Compared with normal irrigation treatment (CK), the O2-. content in sweetpotato roots was significantly decreased and H2O2 content was significantly increased under drought stress. The increase of H2O2 was effectively inhibited after rehydration. Drought stress at different periods resulted in the decrease of activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in sweetpotato roots, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased significantly in early, middle and late stages of sweetpotato root differentiation and formation under drought stress. The results showed that the root system of sweetpotato mainly relied on APX to remove reactive oxygen species under drought stress, and SOD also made great contribution to the removal of reactive oxygen species during the early and middle stages of drought stress. After rehydration, the APX activity in sweetpotato roots decreased, while POD activity increased, indicating that sweetpotato root recovered the damage caused by drought stress by enhancing POD activity to improve antioxidant capacity after rehydration. In addition, the free proline content in sweetpotato roots increased under drought stress, and as an osmotic regulator to resist drought stress, the proline content in sweetpotato roots decreased after rehydration. Compared with CK, the contents of ABA and JA in sweetpotato roots for the treatments of D8-14 and D15-21 were significantly increased, while the contents of GA and IAA were significantly decreased, and the decreasing ranges were smaller than the increasing ranges of ABA and JA. When drought treatment (D22-28) was carried out at late stage of root differentiation and formation, the contents of these four endogenous hormones in sweetpotato roots did not change significantly. These results indicated that when sweetpotato was subjected to drought stress in early and middle stages of tuberous root differentiation and formation, it responded strongly by increasing the contents of JA and ABA in roots. However, when sweetpotato was subjected to drought stress during tuberous root differentiation and formation stage, only JA had a significant increase.

Sweetpotato  /  Drought  /  Tuber differentiation and formation  /  Endogenous hormone  /  Reactive oxygen species metabolism
吴昊, 贺金萍, 廖朝霞, 薛承康, 吴瑶瑶, 李宗芸, 刘敬然. 块根分化建成期干旱―复水对甘薯根系活性氧代谢与内源激素的影响. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 111 -117 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.014
Hao Wu, Jinping He, Zhaoxia Liao, Chengkang Xue, Yaoyao Wu, Zongyun Li, Jingran Liu. Effects of Drought and Re-Watering on Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Endogenous Hormones in Sweetpotato Roots during Tuberous Root Differentiation and Formation Stage[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 111 -117 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.014
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.)是典型的块根作物和重要的粮食作物,更是优良的新垦地先锋作物和坡地覆盖作物。甘薯的产量主要取决于单株结薯数和单个薯块重,与根系的生长发育和块根分化建成也是紧密联系的[1]。王翠娟[2]发现甘薯块根分化建成不同阶段与薯苗栽后天数存在对应关系:栽后7 d内为发根期;栽后8~14 d为块根分化建成前期;栽后15~21 d为块根分化建成中期;栽后22~28 d为块根分化建成后期,决定幼根的膨大;单株有效薯块数在栽后35 d基本稳定。目前,生产中甘薯经常在发根分枝结薯期遭遇干旱胁迫[3],导致单株薯块数显著降低,块根产量降幅达30%~60%[4]。因此,干旱影响甘薯块根分化建成的研究早已成为甘薯研究领域的一大重要热点。
利用根系结构培育对胁迫环境具有耐受性的根和块根作物已成为近年来的研究热点之一。目前,甘薯、马铃薯和木薯等薯类作物的根系结构对土壤水分的响应可以用来提高其在干旱胁迫环境下的产量稳定性[5]。研究[6]发现,土壤相对含水量低于50%就会抑制甘薯不定根的形成、生长和分化,同时侧根的形成也会受阻,最终造成单株薯块数和鲜薯产量显著减少,这一发现在本实验室也得到了验证[4]。前人[7-10]对干旱时期的划分多依据甘薯的全生育时期(发根分枝结薯期、蔓薯并长期和块根快速膨大期等,约90 d)进行设置,而甘薯块根的分化建成主要集中在栽后35 d。干旱胁迫越早,甘薯块根分化受到的损伤越大。Villordon等[11]研究发现,移栽后10~20 d不浇水,甘薯平均不定根数、根长和根表面积分别减少了33%、51%和48%,认为这是块根分化建成响应水分的关键期,且影响程度为移栽后第10天>第20天>第30天[12]。因此,深入研究甘薯块根分化建成不同阶段对干旱的响应差异,为栽培调控以减少干旱对块根形成中根系结构改变的直接影响,从而提高块根产量潜力提供理论依据。
干旱胁迫下,活性氧(ROS)水平升高会诱导甘薯叶片启动抗氧化酶防御系统,从而降低氧化胁迫的不利影响[13]。而Kim等[14]认为胁迫下根系抗坏血酸(AsA)系统对ROS的清除作用更为重要,二氧化硅胁迫下甘薯植株抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性增加了5倍,远大于超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增加幅度;盐旱胁迫下,胞质中过表达AtDHAR1的转基因马铃薯植株AsA含量显著提高,使其比野生型植株表现出更大的芽生长[15]。在甘薯其他器官中,SOD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和APX活性及相应基因表达对干旱胁迫的响应情况并不一致[13,16],在受旱块根分化建成中的变化情况及其与ROS的关系有待探索。
干旱胁迫会导致甘薯叶片和块根中内源激素平衡被打破,玉米素(ZR)和赤霉素(GA)含量下降,而脱落酸(ABA)含量上升,地上部生长及块根分化和膨大均受到抑制[17]。此时,在根端大量积累的ABA作为一种信号物质,调节根尖生长素的转运,增强了在水分胁迫下维持根生长所需的H+分泌[18],并将干旱信息传递到地上部,从形态和生理等方面促使植株代谢活动减弱,进而提高自身的抗旱力[19]。因此,推测遭受胁迫的甘薯块根中,激素平衡改变可能是影响块根分化建成的关键,因为不同激素往往可调节相同的代谢过程,如吲哚乙酸(IAA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、ABA和GA都与ROS代谢通路存在复杂的联动关系[20]
甘薯块根分化建成过程中耐旱性的形成可能受自身遗传性状和环境因素制约,是一个涉及众多代谢与调控途径的复杂过程,这是迄今国内外对甘薯耐旱性在生理与分子机制上研究进展缓慢的主要原因,而且对于改良甘薯耐旱性的途径也缺乏认知。本研究以济薯26为试验材料,在块根分化建成不同时期开展干旱试验,分析甘薯块根产量、ROS代谢相关指标和内源激素含量的变化,阐明不同块根分化建成时期干旱胁迫后的甘薯根系差异及其与块根产量形成的关系,为生产上适时、合理采取抗旱栽培调控措施提供理论依据。
试验于2020年在江苏师范大学甘薯生物学实验基地的防雨棚(34°15′ N,117°11′ E)进行,采用盆栽方式进行不同块根分化建成时期的土壤干旱试验。供试材料为济薯26(山东省农业科学院作物研究所提供)。盆栽试验所用桶(内径33 cm,高21 cm)大小一致。供试土壤为沙壤土,装桶前土壤自然风干后过筛去杂,每桶约10 kg。挑选长势一致的甘薯幼苗(茎长25 cm左右,保留3片叶)扦插至桶中,保持在土壤统一深度,每桶种植1株甘薯。薯苗扦插时统一定量浇水,分别于扦插后8、15、22和29 d,即甘薯的块根分化建成前期、中期、后期和块根膨大前期进行为期7 d的干旱处理,盆钵底部均设有排水孔。分别设置正常灌水对照(CK,土壤相对含水量为75%±5%)和干旱(D8-14、D15-21、D22-28和D29-35,土壤相对含水量维持在45%±5%)2个水分水平(图1)。采用TDR仪间隔2 d重复监测0~20 cm土层土壤水分状况,并将水分补充至各处理上限。每个处理8个重复。在干旱处理结束当天,对扦插14、21、28、35和42 d甘薯根系进行取样,鲜样洗净后置于-80 ℃保存,用于酶活性和内源激素含量测定。
在甘薯收获期每个处理各取4株进行单株鲜薯重统计。
取根系鲜样0.1 g,液氮速冻后用球磨仪研磨成粉末状,加入1.8 mL含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的50 mmol/L pH 7.0的PBS缓冲液进行提取。随后4 ℃ 12 000 g离心20 min,取上清液4 ℃保存备用。采用紫外分光光度计测定CAT活性;采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)光化还原法测定SOD活性;采用愈木酚法测定POD活性;采用抗坏血酸―过氧化氢法测定APX活性;采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定MDA含量[21];采用羟胺氧化法测定O2-. 含量;采用碘化钾法测定H2O2含量;采用酸性茚三酮比色法测定脯氨酸含量。
用酶联免疫吸附法测定内源激素IAA、GA、JA和ABA含量。取0.4 g新鲜甘薯根系样品,用80%甲醇溶液(含一定浓度的二叔丁基对甲苯酚)匀浆,4 ℃提取8 h,4000转/min离心15 min,将沉淀用80%甲醇重复提取3次,合并上清液,用氮吹仪吹干,加1 mL样品稀释液溶解后参照试剂盒说明书进行测定(试剂盒购自中国农业大学)。
采用Excel 2019进行数据处理,用最小显著性差异法LSD法比较平均数间的差异显著性。采用GraphPad Prism 9.0进行柱状图绘制。
图2所示,块根分化建成前期干旱(D8-14)和块根分化建成中期干旱(D15-21)2个处理组的甘薯块根单株鲜薯重最低,显著低于块根分化建成后期干旱(D22-28)以及块根膨大前期干旱(D29-35)处理组的块根单株鲜薯重。块根分化建成前期和中期干旱对甘薯根系单株鲜薯重的影响较大。
图3可知,与正常灌水处理(CK)相比,干旱胁迫导致甘薯根系O2-. 含量显著或极显著降低,且随干旱处理时间推迟,影响程度变低;D8-14、D15-21和D22-28处理均会导致甘薯根系H2O2、MDA和脯氨酸含量显著或极显著升高,其中3个处理的H2O2含量分别升高8.8%、8.1%和7.9%,MDA含量分别升高110.0%、48.6%和43.7%,脯氨酸含量分别显著升高450.0%、84.0%和38.0%。复水8~14 d后4个干旱处理的甘薯根系MDA含量和脯氨酸含量均有不同程度的降低。
与CK处理相比,D8-14和D15-21处理下甘薯根系SOD活性无显著降低,复水8~14 d后其活性有极显著增加,甚至高于CK处理;D22-28和D29-35处理使甘薯根系SOD活性极显著下降(图4a)。
与CK相比,4个时期干旱胁迫均使甘薯根系POD和CAT活性显著或极显著降低。D8-14、D15-21、D22-28和D29-35处理下甘薯根系POD活性分别降低18.6%、14.2%、13.6%和9.3%,CAT活性分别降低了67.6%、58.2%、23.1%和28.7%,D8-14处理受影响最大;复水后4个干旱处理的根系POD和CAT活性均有不同程度的上升,但始终低于CK处理(图4b4c)。
与CK处理相比,D8-14、D15-21和D22-28处理使甘薯根系APX活性显著或极显著增加了75.8%、68.9%和45.2%,而D29-35处理下甘薯根系APX活性变化不显著。复水后4个时期干旱处理下甘薯根系APX活性均有不同程度降低,但仍然高于CK处理(图4d)。
图5可知,与CK相比,D8-14和D15-21处理的甘薯根系ABA和JA含量显著或极显著增加,其中ABA和JA增加幅度均在40%以上;而IAA含量显著降低,且降低幅度均小于ABA和JA的增加幅度。在块根分化建成后期进行干旱处理(D22-28)时,甘薯根系的这4种内源激素含量变化均未达到显著水平。说明甘薯在块根分化建成前期和中期受到干旱胁迫时,通过升高根系JA和ABA的含量来应对胁迫,且响应比较强烈,但在块根膨大期遭遇干旱胁迫时,仅JA能够产生强烈的响应,有显著的增加。
甘薯单株结薯数和单薯重的生长状况依赖于健全的根系发育和成功的块根分化[1],两者又对产量起着决定性作用。SRWC低于50%会抑制甘薯不定根分化而显著降低产量[6],且各生育期对干旱敏感性不同[7-9]。现有研究按其全生育期(约90 d,包括发根分枝期、蔓薯并长期和块根快速膨大期)划分干旱处理阶段[7-10],但块根分化的关键建成期在栽后35 d[11]。本研究发现,扦插后8~14 d干旱(D8-14)和15~21 d干旱(D15-21)的甘薯块根单株鲜薯重显著低于块根分化建成后期和块根膨大前期,与前人研究结果一致[12]
植物在逆境胁迫下均会产生大量的ROS,进一步引起细胞膜脂过氧化使MDA含量增加。SOD作为植物体内清除自由基的首要物质,能把O2-. 转化为H2O2。H2O2在降解酶的作用下,被降解为O2和H2O[22]。植物在干旱胁迫下可以启动复杂的抗氧化保护系统来清除过量的ROS,依靠非酶类系统来阻止水分流失[23]。酶类抗氧化剂主要包括SOD、CAT、POD和APX等;非酶类系统有脯氨酸等渗透调节物质,并参与复水后的生理修复[24]。大部分供试品种SOD活性表现为先轻微上升后剧烈下降或直接下降,严重胁迫的SOD活性明显高于轻度胁迫的[25]。本试验条件下,与CK相比,甘薯块根分化前、中期干旱处理下甘薯根系SOD活性无显著降低,而在甘薯块根分化建成后期干旱处理时SOD活性显著降低。表明甘薯根系在干旱胁迫下可通过增强SOD活性提高抗氧化能力,从而减轻干旱胁迫所带来的伤害。前人研究[12]发现,干旱处理10 d会导致甘薯根系H2O2和MDA含量显著增加,POD能够协同SOD和CAT共同清除植物体内多余的H2O2[26]。在本试验条件下,与CK相比,不同时期的干旱胁迫均会导致POD和CAT活性显著或极显著下降,APX活性在甘薯块根分化建成的前、中、后期遭遇干旱胁迫时显著提升(图4),表明甘薯根系遇到干旱胁迫时主要依靠APX清除ROS,前、中期干旱时SOD对ROS清除也做出较大贡献,与前人研究[27]发现耐旱型甘薯品种根系SOD活性要高于干旱敏感型甘薯品种的结果一致。复水后,甘薯根系APX活性降低,而POD活性相对增加,这说明复水后甘薯根系通过增强POD活性提高抗氧化能力来恢复干旱胁迫所带来的伤害。此外,干旱胁迫下甘薯根系游离脯氨酸含量增加(图3),作为渗透调节物质抵御干旱胁迫,复水后根系脯氨酸含量降低。研究[10]发现,干旱胁迫下抗旱品种济薯21和不抗旱品种济紫薯1号块根中脯氨酸等渗透调节物质显著上升,紫甘薯、近缘野生种Ipomoea trifida(Kunth)G. Don等甘薯材料叶片中也累积了大量的脯氨酸[28-29]。因此,脯氨酸可作为检测植物抗旱性的重要指标。
作物贮藏器官的形成是多种内源激素协同作用的结果,生长素IAA和GA均有增加库器官活性、促进诱导同化物向之运输和累积的作用[7]。也有学者[30]认为,GA含量的减少是马铃薯结薯的重要条件。此外,在块根分化建成期干旱胁迫导致济薯21、济紫薯1号、济薯26和广薯87等多个甘薯品种的根系内源激素含量发生变化,其中GA和IAA含量下降,且内源激素水平变化无法在复水后得到有效修复[7,12]。本试验条件下,干旱胁迫D8-14和D15-21处理使甘薯根系IAA和GA含量均有所下降,且复水后也未得到有效恢复,而D15-21和D22-28处理的甘薯根系GA含量在复水后显著增加(图5),表明甘薯在块根分化前、中期遭遇干旱胁迫时,GA含量下降抑制了块根形成,复水后这2个处理的根系GA含量也未得到有效修复,进而使D8-14和D15-21处理的单株鲜薯重受影响最大(图1),而D15-21和D22-28处理的甘薯根系GA含量在复水后显著增加,使单株鲜薯重受影响较小。
JA是一种公认的新型植物生长调节剂,可调控植物在干旱胁迫下快速启动抗氧化系统以及酶保护系统,清除因干旱胁迫而堆积的ROS,使氧化胁迫带来的伤害降低[31]。ABA是一种典型的胁迫激素,在受到非生物胁迫时,ABA大量合成,可诱导植物体内与抗逆性有关的基因表达,产生大量相关的酶,使植物抵抗恶劣环境[32]。前人研究发现,济薯26属于中等抗旱品种,遭遇干旱胁迫时济薯21[7]、济紫薯1号[33]、济薯26[12]和广薯87[34]等多个甘薯品种根系内源ABA含量显著增加,且移栽前期干旱胁迫下变化幅度最大,但关于内源JA的变化并未见报道。本试验条件下,与CK相比,D8-14和D15-21处理的甘薯根系ABA和JA含量增幅在40%以上(P<0.05),而在块根分化建成后期进行干旱处理(D22-28)时,甘薯根系这2种内源激素含量变化均未达到显著水平(图5),说明甘薯在块根分化建成前期和中期受到干旱胁迫时,通过升高根系JA和ABA的含量来应对干旱胁迫,且响应比较强烈,但在块根膨大期遭遇干旱胁迫时,仅JA能够产生强烈的响应,有显著的增加。有学者[27]发现耐旱型甘薯郑红23号和干旱敏感型甘薯济农432在经历3周土壤干旱后,叶片内源JA含量显著下降。He等[35]发现,干旱胁迫下耐旱型甘薯烟薯25叶片含有相对高含量的内源JA,干旱敏感型甘薯徐薯32则含有相对高含量的ABA。这说明甘薯叶片和根系响应干旱的机制不同。因此,推测干旱胁迫下JA有可能对甘薯块根分化建成的调控和抗旱诱导过程发挥重要作用,且与ABA存在协作调控,需要进一步系统研究。
干旱时间越早对甘薯产量影响越大。甘薯块根分化建成的前、中、后期遭遇干旱胁迫时,甘薯根系SOD和APX活性显著增加,脯氨酸含量也显著增加;复水后,甘薯根系POD活性增加,以恢复干旱胁迫所带来的伤害。与对照相比,D8-14和D15-21处理的甘薯根系ABA和JA含量显著增加,而GA和IAA含量显著降低,且降低幅度均小于ABA和JA的增加幅度。综上,甘薯在块根分化建成前期和中期受到干旱胁迫时,主要通过升高根系SOD和APX活性、脯氨酸含量、内源JA和ABA的含量来应对胁迫。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32272221)
  • 国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10)
  • 江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT1591)
  • 江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT1574)
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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.014
  • 接收时间:2024-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-20
  • 修回日期:2024-08-14
基金
国家自然科学基金(32272221)
国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10)
江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT1591)
江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT1574)
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    江苏师范大学生命科学学院,221116,江苏徐州

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刘敬然,研究方向为植物逆境生理,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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