Article(id=1256541026483823104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723478400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-13, revisedDate=1727366400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512326116, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512326116, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512326116, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512326116, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=240, endPage=248, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541029579219482, articleId=1256541026483823104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Major Mineral Element Content and Bioavailability in Wheat Grains, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the optimal nitrogen application rate for different wheat varieties in various environments and provide a scientific basis for enhancing the mineral element content in wheat grains, this study used 15CA73, Jimai 22, Zhongmai 255, and Zhongmai 578 as experimental materials. Five nitrogen application treatments were established across four environments: Anyang (Henan), Hefei (Anhui), Weifang (Shandong), and Liaocheng (Shandong). These treatments included no nitrogen application (N0), basal application of 45 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 45 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N45+45), basal application of 90 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 90 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N90+90), basal application of 135 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 135 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N135+135), and basal application of 180 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 180 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N180+180). The results showed highly and extremely significant correlation coefficients (P < 0.01) between the contents of elements such as K and P (r = 0.72), and Zn and Cu (r = 0.69) in grains. Compared with the N0 treatment, the N180+180 treatment resulted in the highest contents of Ca, Cu, Mg, and S in wheat grains at the Weifang site across all environments, with increases of 11.06%, 10.78%, 0.15%, and 7.83%, respectively. The Zn content at the Weifang experimental site was highest under the N135+135 treatment, showing a 46.01% increase compared to the N0 treatment. Furthermore, compared with the N0 treatment, the N180+180 treatment led to the highest contents of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and S in Zhongmai 255 grains among all tested varieties, with increases of 2.42%, 3.50%, 1.65%, 4.23%, and 16.10%, respectively. The Zn content in Zhongmai 255 grains was the highest under the N135+135 treatment, increasing by 13.26% compared to N0 treatment. In summary, increased nitrogen application enhanced the contents of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, Mg, and Zn in wheat grains. K content was less affected by nitrogen application, while P content showed a declining trend. Concurrently, the P/Mg, P/Fe, and P/Zn ratios decreased, further improving the bioavailability of Mg, Fe, and Zn in the grains. Therefore, the recommended optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatments for wheat cultivation at the experimental sites are N135+135 for Anyang, N0 for Hefei, N180+180 for Liaocheng, and N180+180 for Weifang. Moreover, N0 is determined to be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment for 15CA73 and Jimai 22, whereas N180+180 is optimal for Zhongmai 255 and Zhongmai 578.

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探究不同环境下小麦品种的最佳施氮量,为提升小麦籽粒矿质元素含量提供科学依据。以15CA73、济麦22、中麦255和中麦578为材料,在河南安阳、安徽合肥、山东潍坊和聊城4个环境设置5种氮处理:不施氮(N0)、基施纯氮45 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮45 kg/hm2(N45+45)、基施纯氮90 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮90 kg/hm2(N90+90)、基施纯氮135 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮135 kg/hm2(N135+135)以及基施纯氮180 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮180 kg/hm2(N180+180)。结果表明,籽粒中K和P(r=0.72)、Zn和Cu(r=0.69)等元素含量间相关系数较高,达极显著水平(P<0.01)。与N0处理相比,N180+180处理下潍坊试验点小麦籽粒中Ca、Cu、Mg和S含量在各环境中最高,分别提高了11.06%、10.78%、0.15%和7.83%,N135+135处理下潍坊试验点Zn含量最高,提高了46.01%。与N0处理相比,N180+180处理下中麦255籽粒Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn和S含量在各参试品种中最高,分别提高了2.42%、3.50%、1.65%、4.23%和16.10%;N135+135处理下中麦255籽粒Zn含量最高,提高了13.26%。综上,增施氮肥提高了小麦籽粒Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn、S、Mg和Zn含量,K含量受施氮量影响较小,P含量有下降趋势;同时降低了P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn值,使籽粒中Mg、Fe和Zn的生物有效性得到进一步提升。在安阳、合肥、聊城和潍坊试验点种植小麦推荐的最佳氮肥处理分别为N135+135、N0、N180+180和N180+180。15CA73和济麦22的最佳氮肥处理为N0,中麦255和中麦578的最佳氮肥处理为N180+180

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王春平,主要从事小麦种质创新与分子遗传育种研究,E-mail:
孙彩霞为共同通信作者,主要从事作物生产技术推广工作,E-mail:
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王云江,主要从事小麦遗传育种研究,E-mail:

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Zinc bioavailability in wheat grain in relation to phosphorus fertiliser, crop sequence and mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008, 88(7):1208-1216., articleTitle=Zinc bioavailability in wheat grain in relation to phosphorus fertiliser, crop sequence and mycorrhizal fungi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119207301665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Xia H Y, Xue Y F, Liu D Y, journalName=Frontiers in Plant Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia H Y, Xue Y F, Liu D Y, et al. Rational application of fertilizer nitrogen to soil in combination with foliar Zn spraying improved Zn nutritional quality of wheat grains. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018,9:677., articleTitle=Rational application of fertilizer nitrogen to soil in combination with foliar Zn spraying improved Zn nutritional quality of wheat grains, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119383462438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=17, pageStart=3372, pageEnd=3382, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=蔺江韵, 尹本酥, 王星舒, journalName=中国农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔺江韵, 尹本酥, 王星舒, . 长期施氮条件下小麦铁锰累积及其与土壤养分的关系. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(17):3372-3382., articleTitle=长期施氮条件下小麦铁锰累积及其与土壤养分的关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119656092203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=33, issue=1, pageStart=123, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=左毅, 马冬云, 王晨阳, journalName=麦类作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=左毅, 马冬云, 王晨阳, . 花后叶面喷施氮肥和锌肥对小麦粒重及营养品质的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2013, 33(1):123-128., articleTitle=花后叶面喷施氮肥和锌肥对小麦粒重及营养品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541119786115628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=王吉, journalName=扬州:扬州大学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王吉. 生物炭对稻田土壤微量元素有效性的影响及作用机制. 扬州:扬州大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256541103302500644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, awardId=231100110300, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省重大科技专项(231100110300), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256541103692570926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, awardId=SN01-2022-01, language=CN, fundingSource=神农种业实验室“一流课题”项目(SN01-2022-01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256541047061078757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541047107216102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, companyId=1256541047061078757, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541047157547754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, companyId=1256541047061078757, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河南科技大学农学院,471000,河南洛阳)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256541048281621231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541048315175664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, companyId=1256541048281621231, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541048340341491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, companyId=1256541048281621231, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2神农种业实验室,450000,河南郑州)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256541050500408079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541050861118225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, companyId=1256541050500408079, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Boʼai County Agricultural Machinery Technology Center, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541050945004305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, companyId=1256541050500408079, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3博爱县农业机械技术中心,454000,河南焦作)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256541094515433647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of N application rate on mineral element content in wheat grain under different environments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=UdC1te/LgkZwnf3BgMd9nA==, figureFileBig=aK4Lyye8kHQrK0GWdrNzuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541096600002749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, language=CN, label=图1, caption=施氮量对不同环境下小麦籽粒矿质元素含量的影响

不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著。下同。

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“*”and“**”indicate that the correlation reach significant (P < 0.05) and extremely significant (P < 0.01) level, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=hnT2UZMNzpqaorR1HmwBQA==, figureFileBig=k0lvZgAINrUGKrplxdoi9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541101075325168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, language=CN, label=图3, caption=小麦籽粒中矿质元素含量相关分析

“*”和“**”分别表示相关性达显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)水平。

, figureFileSmall=hnT2UZMNzpqaorR1HmwBQA==, figureFileBig=k0lvZgAINrUGKrplxdoi9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541101524115708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of test site, variety, N application rate and their interaction on mineral element content in wheat grain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn P S Zn
试验点Test site (T) 1317.28** 755.47** 39.67** 389.40** 200.55** 363.12** 149.81** 1564.35** 204.32**
品种Variety (V) 58.60** 68.04** 270.35** 179.12** 82.39** 5.26* 115.98** 165.51** 2.94*
施氮量N application rate (N) 7.13** 6.30** 32.31** 24.62** 8.96** 2.60* 10.49** 496.65** 48.50**
试验点×品种T×V 11.40** 4.75** 11.07** 28.97** 6.45** 1.39 8.27** 2.08* 11.35**
试验点×施氮量T×N 40.73** 17.93** 17.64** 14.31** 5.10** 4.12** 9.94** 41.09** 25.24**
品种×施氮量V×N 2.29** 1.65 1.10 2.95** 1.97* 0.79 2.01* 1.24 1.41
试验点×品种×施氮量T×V×N 2.78** 2.63** 2.43** 2.46** 2.61** 0.93 2.38** 2.27** 2.53**
), ArticleFig(id=1256541101725442309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验点、品种、施氮量及其交互作用对小麦籽粒矿质元素含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn P S Zn
试验点Test site (T) 1317.28** 755.47** 39.67** 389.40** 200.55** 363.12** 149.81** 1564.35** 204.32**
品种Variety (V) 58.60** 68.04** 270.35** 179.12** 82.39** 5.26* 115.98** 165.51** 2.94*
施氮量N application rate (N) 7.13** 6.30** 32.31** 24.62** 8.96** 2.60* 10.49** 496.65** 48.50**
试验点×品种T×V 11.40** 4.75** 11.07** 28.97** 6.45** 1.39 8.27** 2.08* 11.35**
试验点×施氮量T×N 40.73** 17.93** 17.64** 14.31** 5.10** 4.12** 9.94** 41.09** 25.24**
品种×施氮量V×N 2.29** 1.65 1.10 2.95** 1.97* 0.79 2.01* 1.24 1.41
试验点×品种×施氮量T×V×N 2.78** 2.63** 2.43** 2.46** 2.61** 0.93 2.38** 2.27** 2.53**
), ArticleFig(id=1256541102518165773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of N application rate and variety differences on the bioavailability of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn in wheat grains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item P/Ca P/Fe P/Mg P/Zn
N0 10.13±0.31a 105.96±2.54a 2.31±0.02a 181.58±4.23a
N45+45 10.57±0.35a 107.14±2.07a 2.31±0.03a 181.60±4.43a
N90+90 10.18±0.34a 104.53±1.61ab 2.27±0.02a 180.06±4.55a
N135+135 10.19±0.29a 97.96±1.67b 2.28±0.02a 162.07±5.02b
N180+180 10.16±0.29a 97.60±1.62b 2.28±0.02a 160.82±3.65b
15CA73 9.88±0.24bc 98.68±1.22b 2.28±0.02b 168.16±3.67a
济麦22 Jimai 22 10.41±0.31b 116.81±1.55a 2.26±0.02b 178.83±4.80a
中麦255 Zhongmai 255 11.30±0.28a 97.21±1.33b 2.36±0.02a 178.61±3.93a
中麦578 Zhongmai 578 9.38±0.23c 98.07±1.71b 2.26±0.02b 167.48±3.71a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541102908236055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541026483823104, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

施氮量与品种差异对小麦籽粒Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn生物有效性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item P/Ca P/Fe P/Mg P/Zn
N0 10.13±0.31a 105.96±2.54a 2.31±0.02a 181.58±4.23a
N45+45 10.57±0.35a 107.14±2.07a 2.31±0.03a 181.60±4.43a
N90+90 10.18±0.34a 104.53±1.61ab 2.27±0.02a 180.06±4.55a
N135+135 10.19±0.29a 97.96±1.67b 2.28±0.02a 162.07±5.02b
N180+180 10.16±0.29a 97.60±1.62b 2.28±0.02a 160.82±3.65b
15CA73 9.88±0.24bc 98.68±1.22b 2.28±0.02b 168.16±3.67a
济麦22 Jimai 22 10.41±0.31b 116.81±1.55a 2.26±0.02b 178.83±4.80a
中麦255 Zhongmai 255 11.30±0.28a 97.21±1.33b 2.36±0.02a 178.61±3.93a
中麦578 Zhongmai 578 9.38±0.23c 98.07±1.71b 2.26±0.02b 167.48±3.71a
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施氮量对小麦籽粒主要矿质元素含量的影响和有效性分析
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王云江 1, 2 , 王玉莹 1 , 刘畅 1, 2 , 敬雪妍 1, 2 , 羊辰 1, 2 , 孙彩霞 3 , 王春平 1, 2
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(1): 240-248
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(1): 240-248
施氮量对小麦籽粒主要矿质元素含量的影响和有效性分析
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王云江1, 2 , 王玉莹1, 刘畅1, 2, 敬雪妍1, 2, 羊辰1, 2, 孙彩霞3 , 王春平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1河南科技大学农学院,471000,河南洛阳
  • 2神农种业实验室,450000,河南郑州
  • 3博爱县农业机械技术中心,454000,河南焦作
  • 王云江,主要从事小麦遗传育种研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

王春平,主要从事小麦种质创新与分子遗传育种研究,E-mail:
孙彩霞为共同通信作者,主要从事作物生产技术推广工作,E-mail:
Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Major Mineral Element Content and Bioavailability in Wheat Grains
Yunjiang Wang1, 2 , Yuying Wang1, Chang Liu1, 2, Xueyan Jing1, 2, Chen Yang1, 2, Caixia Sun3 , Chunping Wang1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
  • 2The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
  • 3Boʼai County Agricultural Machinery Technology Center, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.030
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探究不同环境下小麦品种的最佳施氮量,为提升小麦籽粒矿质元素含量提供科学依据。以15CA73、济麦22、中麦255和中麦578为材料,在河南安阳、安徽合肥、山东潍坊和聊城4个环境设置5种氮处理:不施氮(N0)、基施纯氮45 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮45 kg/hm2(N45+45)、基施纯氮90 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮90 kg/hm2(N90+90)、基施纯氮135 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮135 kg/hm2(N135+135)以及基施纯氮180 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮180 kg/hm2(N180+180)。结果表明,籽粒中K和P(r=0.72)、Zn和Cu(r=0.69)等元素含量间相关系数较高,达极显著水平(P<0.01)。与N0处理相比,N180+180处理下潍坊试验点小麦籽粒中Ca、Cu、Mg和S含量在各环境中最高,分别提高了11.06%、10.78%、0.15%和7.83%,N135+135处理下潍坊试验点Zn含量最高,提高了46.01%。与N0处理相比,N180+180处理下中麦255籽粒Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn和S含量在各参试品种中最高,分别提高了2.42%、3.50%、1.65%、4.23%和16.10%;N135+135处理下中麦255籽粒Zn含量最高,提高了13.26%。综上,增施氮肥提高了小麦籽粒Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn、S、Mg和Zn含量,K含量受施氮量影响较小,P含量有下降趋势;同时降低了P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn值,使籽粒中Mg、Fe和Zn的生物有效性得到进一步提升。在安阳、合肥、聊城和潍坊试验点种植小麦推荐的最佳氮肥处理分别为N135+135、N0、N180+180和N180+180。15CA73和济麦22的最佳氮肥处理为N0,中麦255和中麦578的最佳氮肥处理为N180+180

小麦  /  施氮量  /  籽粒  /  矿质元素  /  生物有效性

To explore the optimal nitrogen application rate for different wheat varieties in various environments and provide a scientific basis for enhancing the mineral element content in wheat grains, this study used 15CA73, Jimai 22, Zhongmai 255, and Zhongmai 578 as experimental materials. Five nitrogen application treatments were established across four environments: Anyang (Henan), Hefei (Anhui), Weifang (Shandong), and Liaocheng (Shandong). These treatments included no nitrogen application (N0), basal application of 45 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 45 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N45+45), basal application of 90 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 90 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N90+90), basal application of 135 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 135 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N135+135), and basal application of 180 kg/ha pure nitrogen + topdressing of 180 kg/ha pure nitrogen at the jointing stage (N180+180). The results showed highly and extremely significant correlation coefficients (P < 0.01) between the contents of elements such as K and P (r = 0.72), and Zn and Cu (r = 0.69) in grains. Compared with the N0 treatment, the N180+180 treatment resulted in the highest contents of Ca, Cu, Mg, and S in wheat grains at the Weifang site across all environments, with increases of 11.06%, 10.78%, 0.15%, and 7.83%, respectively. The Zn content at the Weifang experimental site was highest under the N135+135 treatment, showing a 46.01% increase compared to the N0 treatment. Furthermore, compared with the N0 treatment, the N180+180 treatment led to the highest contents of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and S in Zhongmai 255 grains among all tested varieties, with increases of 2.42%, 3.50%, 1.65%, 4.23%, and 16.10%, respectively. The Zn content in Zhongmai 255 grains was the highest under the N135+135 treatment, increasing by 13.26% compared to N0 treatment. In summary, increased nitrogen application enhanced the contents of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, Mg, and Zn in wheat grains. K content was less affected by nitrogen application, while P content showed a declining trend. Concurrently, the P/Mg, P/Fe, and P/Zn ratios decreased, further improving the bioavailability of Mg, Fe, and Zn in the grains. Therefore, the recommended optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatments for wheat cultivation at the experimental sites are N135+135 for Anyang, N0 for Hefei, N180+180 for Liaocheng, and N180+180 for Weifang. Moreover, N0 is determined to be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment for 15CA73 and Jimai 22, whereas N180+180 is optimal for Zhongmai 255 and Zhongmai 578.

Wheat  /  Nitrogen application rate  /  Grain  /  Mineral element  /  Bioavailability
王云江, 王玉莹, 刘畅, 敬雪妍, 羊辰, 孙彩霞, 王春平. 施氮量对小麦籽粒主要矿质元素含量的影响和有效性分析. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 240 -248 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.030
Yunjiang Wang, Yuying Wang, Chang Liu, Xueyan Jing, Chen Yang, Caixia Sun, Chunping Wang. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Major Mineral Element Content and Bioavailability in Wheat Grains[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 240 -248 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.030
黄淮海麦区作为我国小麦的主产区,占全国小麦总产量约70%,在保障国家粮食安全方面发挥着重要作用[1]。前人[2]研究表明,尽管当前小麦产量相较过去有了显著提升,但籽粒中主要矿质元素含量却呈减少趋势。Fe、Cu和Zn等主要矿质元素含量不仅与小麦籽粒的营养品质直接相关,还与人类饮食健康紧密关联[3]。籽粒中矿质元素缺乏以及生物有效性较低,尤其是Fe和Zn的不足,已成为部分人口面临“隐性饥饿”的主要原因[4]
小麦是我国北方地区民众的主要食物和矿质元素等营养物质来源[5]。提高或改善小麦籽粒中主要矿质元素的含量,是解决“隐性饥饿”问题的关键途径之一。合理施用氮肥对提升作物籽粒矿质元素含量具有积极作用。研究[6-7]表明,合理施氮能够增强作物对矿质元素的吸收能力,进而提高籽粒中主要矿质元素的含量。张盼盼[8]以豫麦49-198为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计研究了不同施氮量对小麦矿质元素积累的影响,发现施氮可明显提高小麦茎、穗和籽粒中的Zn含量,其中籽粒Zn含量提升了8.9%。Svecnjak等[9]研究表明,施氮使小麦籽粒中Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu的含量分别增加了14.0%、9.2%、19.7%和13.2%。Dolijanović等[10]通过盆栽试验,发现减少氮肥施用量不会降低小麦籽粒中的常量元素含量,而且与高施氮量的小麦相比,低氮处理对Cu、Fe和Zn等元素的积累具有积极影响。王子健[11]研究表明,随着施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒中Ca、Fe和Zn等矿质元素的含量显著上升,而Mg含量显著降低。
综上,施氮量对小麦籽粒中矿质元素含量的影响随环境条件改变而有所差异。鉴于此,为探究不同环境下小麦品种的最佳施氮量,本研究选取15CA73、济麦22、中麦255和中麦578为供试材料,在黄淮海麦区的4个试验点分别设置5种不同的氮处理,通过研究不同氮处理下小麦籽粒中主要矿质元素含量的变化情况,旨在明确不同环境的最佳施氮量,为黄淮海麦区小麦营养强化生产提供科学合理的栽培理论依据。
于2019年10月-2020年6月在黄淮海冬麦区北片的河南安阳(36°09′ N,114°34′ E)、山东潍坊(36°69′ N,119°09′ E)和聊城(36°46′ N,115°94′ E),以及黄淮海冬麦区南片的安徽合肥(31°74′ N,117°28′ E)4个地点开展试验。该地处于半干旱、半湿润地区,属暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候,区域多年平均日照时数2300~2800 h,≥10 °C积温3800~5300 °C,年降水量500~900 mm,土壤类型主要为潮土、褐土和砂姜黑土,能较好地满足作物生产需求。
供试材料为15CA73、济麦22、中麦255和中麦578,由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所提供。共设置5个不同的施氮水平,分别为不施氮(N0)、基施纯氮45 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮45 kg/hm2(N45+45)、基施纯氮90 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮90 kg/hm2(N90+90)、基施纯氮135 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮135 kg/hm2(N135+135)以及基施纯氮180 kg/hm2+拔节期追施纯氮180 kg/hm2(N180+180),试验采用随机区组设计,3次重复,小区面积为10 m2,行长2 m,行间距20 cm。试验区基施磷肥[Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O] 750 kg/hm2和钾肥(K₂SO₄)180 kg/hm2,小麦生育期田间管理措施一致。
参照Ren等[12]的方法测定矿质元素含量,在小麦成熟后人工收获脱粒,随机选取正常籽粒约5 g,将封装纸袋放置在烘箱内于65 ℃条件下烘24 h,烘干样品用碳化钨球磨仪(Retsch MM400,德国)粉碎,获得全麦粉,称取干燥的全麦粉0.2 g置于微波消化罐中,加入5 mL HNO3(优级纯),将消化罐放入微波消解仪(Multiwave PRO,中国)中消解完全,冷却后定容至25 mL。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(Agilent 5110 ICP- OES,美国)测定Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、P、S和Zn的含量。测定时要确保多色器温度为35 ℃,检测器Peltier温度为-40 ℃;确保测定样品清澈,无氟离子;换气时,确保等离子体流量设为12 L/min,辅助气流量设为1 L/min,气压表0.6 MPa左右;测定完毕,关机前冲洗进样系统。
采用Microsoft Excel 2010和SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理与分析,采用Origin 2024软件作图。
表1方差分析F值可知,试验点对小麦籽粒中各矿质元素含量的影响均达极显著水平,品种和施氮量对各矿质元素含量的影响达极显著或显著水平;试验点与品种的交互作用对小麦籽粒中除Mn元素外其他8种矿质元素含量的影响达极显著或显著水平,试验点与施氮量的交互作用对各矿质元素含量的影响均达极显著水平,品种与施氮量的交互作用对Ca、K、Mg和P含量的影响达极显著或显著水平;三者交互作用对小麦籽粒中除Mn元素外其他8个元素含量的影响均达极显著水平。
图1所示,在安阳和潍坊试验点,小麦籽粒中Ca含量在施氮量增加后有所提高,显著高于N0处理,其中潍坊试验点N180+180处理下最高,较N0处理显著提高11.06%;合肥和聊城试验点则是在N0处理下最高,显著高于N180+180处理。在除合肥外的3个试验点,Cu含量均在施氮量增加后有所提高,其中潍坊试验点N180+180处理下最高,较N0处理显著提高了10.78%,聊城和潍坊试验点N180+180处理下Cu含量显著高于N0处理,安阳试验点N180+180处理下则显著低于N0处理,合肥试验点除N135+135处理外的各处理间无显著差异。在合肥和聊城试验点,N180+180处理下Fe含量分别较N0处理显著提高了16.10%和14.11%,潍坊试验点N0处理下Fe含量最高。各试验点籽粒中K和Mg含量受施氮量影响相对较小,在安阳、合肥和聊城试验点,Mn含量在施氮量增加后有所提高,合肥试验点N180+180处理下最高,较N0处理提高了8.18%,聊城试验点N180+180处理下则显著低于N0处理。在安阳和潍坊试验点,随着施氮量增加P含量呈先降后升的趋势,在合肥和聊城试验点则整体呈降低趋势;其中潍坊试验点N180+180处理下P含量最高,较N0处理提高了2.94%,合肥和聊城试验点N180+180处理下则显著低于N0处理,安阳试验点各处理间差异不显著。各试验点籽粒中S含量随施氮量增加呈升高趋势,与N0处理相比,N180+180处理分别显著提高了15.89%、20.76%、36.10%和7.83%,各试验点在N180+180处理下S含量均显著高于N0处理,以潍坊试验点最高。安阳、聊城和潍坊试验点籽粒中Zn含量在施氮量增加后有所提高,其中潍坊试验点N135+135处理下最高,较N0处理显著提高了46.01%,安阳试验点在N135+135处理下显著高于N0处理,聊城试验点则在N180+180处理下显著高于N0处理。各试验点小麦籽粒中Mn含量在合肥试验点最高,其他8个元素的含量均在潍坊试验点最高。
图2所示,各品种小麦籽粒S含量随施氮量增加而增加,N180+180处理下中麦255的S含量最高,较N0处理显著提高了16.10%,N180+180处理下各品种均显著高于N0处理。15CA73和中麦255籽粒中P含量随施氮量增加呈先减后增的趋势,济麦22和中麦578则整体呈减少趋势,N0处理下中麦255的P含量最高,N0和N180+180处理下中麦255与济麦22差异不显著,15CA73和中麦578各处理间差异均不显著。15CA73和济麦22籽粒中K含量随着施氮量增加整体呈先增后减的趋势,中麦578则随施氮量增加逐渐减少,济麦22在N45+45处理下K含量最高,较N0处理提高了1.07%,但其各处理间差异均不显著,中麦255、中麦578和15CA73在N180+180处理下与N0差异均不显著。各品种小麦籽粒中Ca含量随施氮量增加整体呈先减后增的趋势,以N0处理下中麦578含量最高。各品种小麦籽粒中Cu含量随施氮量增加有所升高,N180+180处理下中麦255的Cu含量最高,较N0处理提高了2.42%。各品种小麦籽粒中Fe含量随施氮量增加有所升高,N180+180处理下中麦255的Fe含量最高,较N0处理提高了3.50%。N180+180处理下中麦255籽粒中Mg含量最高,较N0处理提高了1.65%,其他品种均降低。除济麦22以外,其他品种籽粒中Mn含量整体在施氮量增加后有所提高,N180+180处理下中麦255最高,较N0处理提高了4.23%。各品种小麦籽粒中Zn含量整体在施氮量增加后有所提高,N135+135处理下中麦255最高,较N0处理提高了13.26%。
各处理下不同小麦品种籽粒中Ca、Cu和Mn含量差异均不显著;各品种小麦在不同处理间Fe和Zn含量存在显著性差异;济麦22和15CA73在各处理下籽粒中Mg含量差异均不显著,中麦578则在N180+180处理下Mg含量显著低于N0处理,中麦255在N180+180处理下Mg含量显著高于N135+135处理。不同品种间小麦籽粒中Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn和Zn含量的变异系数依次为18.72%、14.44%、12.36%、5.48%、17.42%和17.07%。除中麦578的Ca含量平均值最高外,其他5种矿质元素(Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn和Zn)含量的平均值均以中麦255最高。
图3可知,Ca含量与Cu、K、Mg、S和Zn含量呈显著正相关,而与Mn含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.53、0.16、0.49、0.56、0.51和-0.29;Cu含量与K、Mg、S和Zn含量呈极显著正相关,与Mn含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.24、0.66、0.63、0.69和-0.59;Fe含量与Mn、P和S含量呈极显著正相关,与Zn含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.28、0.24、0.40和0.14;K含量与Mg和P含量呈极显著正相关,与S含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.58、0.72和0.15;Mg含量与P、S和Zn含量呈极显著正相关,与Mn含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.52、0.48、0.34和-0.32;Mn与P含量呈极显著正相关,与Zn含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.36和-0.34;S与Zn含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.57。K和P含量的相关系数(0.72)最高,其次为Zn和Cu含量(0.69)、Mg和Cu含量(0.66)。
小麦籽粒中的P易与Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn形成植酸盐,P与各元素含量的比值(P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn)越低,表明这4个元素的有效性越高。由表2可知,施氮量增加后各小麦品种籽粒的P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn值整体有所降低,与N0处理相比,N180+180处理下P/Zn值降幅(11.43%)最大,其次为P/Fe(7.89%)和P/Mg(1.30%)。济麦22籽粒的P/Fe和P/Zn值高于其他品种,中麦255籽粒的P/Ca和P/Mg值高于其他品种,中麦578籽粒的P/Ca、P/Mg和P/Zn值均为最低。
研究[13]表明,适宜的氮肥施用对作物的生长发育与产量形成具有重要作用。本研究发现,试验点、品种、施氮量及其交互作用均对小麦籽粒中Ca、K、Mg和P含量产生了显著或极显著影响。Xu等[14]发现环境、施氮量与品种的交互作用显著影响小麦籽粒品质性状;张盼盼等[15]研究表明施氮量与品种的交互作用对玉米籽粒中P、K、Cu和Zn等元素含量均有显著影响。
本试验中,4个试验点间各品种小麦在不同施氮量下的籽粒主要矿质元素含量增减不一致,这与前人[16-17]研究结果一致。不同地区种植的各品种小麦籽粒主要矿质元素含量存在差异,王维等[18]研究发现,同一小麦品种在山东德州和泰安种植,所得的籽粒中元素含量有所差异,说明其易受到环境条件影响。本研究发现合理施用氮肥可有效提高不同试验点下各品种小麦籽粒中的主要矿质元素含量,与前人[19-20]研究结果一致。本研究中,聊城试验点小麦籽粒的Ca、K和Mg含量均在N0处理下最高,这与张鹏霞[21]关于减施氮肥会导致小麦籽粒P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn含量显著降低的结论存在部分差异。此外,张勇等[22]在相同环境下种植来自6个省区的240个小麦品种,发现由于遗传背景不同,品种间各矿质元素含量存在明显差异。本研究中合肥试验点的小麦籽粒Mn含量最高,达49.43 mg/kg,鉴于人体Mn营养需求为32.00 mg/kg,建议摄入量控制在44.00 mg/kg以下,以避免健康风险[23]。其他8种元素含量的最高值均出现在潍坊试验点,表明潍坊适宜4个小麦品种种植,其土壤和环境条件利于矿质元素积累。胡红林等[24]研究发现,不同地区饲料大麦的矿质元素含量有较大差异,富含有机质土壤的地区含量更高。本研究对施氮量响应的进一步分析显示出试验点特异性,安阳试验点在N135+135处理下各元素含量较高;合肥试验点中,Fe、Mn和S含量在N180+180处理下最高,而其他元素含量在N0处理下较高;聊城试验点Cu、Fe、S和Zn含量在N180+180处理下最高,而其他元素在N0处理下达到峰值;潍坊试验点Fe、K和Mn含量在N0处理下最高,其他元素含量则在N180+180处理下较高。
黄玉芳等[25]研究发现,施氮量对夏玉米籽粒中主要矿质元素含量有显著影响,增施氮肥可显著提高Ca、Cu、Fe和Zn含量,降低P含量,对Mg和Mn影响不大,与本试验结果基本一致。然而,石吕等[26]在精米中观察到增施氮肥导致P、K、Ca和Mg含量显著降低,Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu含量显著增加。本研究中,不同试验点、不同品种小麦籽粒中Zn含量对施氮的响应大于Fe和K,此结果与Jiang等[27]的报道相符。关于施氮量对小麦籽粒中Zn等矿质营养元素含量的影响已有大量研究[28-29],表明不施或施用少量氮肥的小麦,其籽粒Zn浓度显著低于最佳施氮量处理,而过量施用氮肥未能显著增加籽粒Zn浓度,本研究结果亦证实了这一观点。
本研究中,各小麦品种的Cu、Fe、Mn、S和Zn含量随施氮量增加有所提高;中麦255和中麦578籽粒中Ca含量随施氮量增加呈先减后增的趋势;各小麦品种籽粒中K、Mg和P含量则随施氮量增加整体呈减少趋势。除Ca和K元素外,中麦255的其余矿质元素含量均值最高。小麦籽粒中不同矿质元素含量对氮肥的响应存在品种间差异,可能与供试品种的遗传背景有关[30]。适当提高施氮量可提升作物中主要矿质元素的含量[31-32]。Erenoglu等[33]研究表明,施氮量在0~360 kg/hm2时可有效提升小麦籽粒中Fe含量。李峰等[34]同样发现小麦中Fe含量随施氮量增加而增加。Salvagiotti等[35]研究表明,N和S元素间具有协同作用,即随施氮量增加S含量随之增加,与本研究结果一致。然而,也有研究[36]指出Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu含量随施氮量增加呈先增后减的趋势,或适当减少基肥施氮量可增加水稻籽粒中的主要矿质元素含量[37],且在一定范围内降低施氮量不会降低小麦籽粒中大部分矿质元素的含量[38]
鉴于当前农业生产中氮肥过量施用导致的环境污染和氮损失问题,本研究旨在探究不影响矿质元素总体含量的条件下,将施氮量优化至最佳水平,以提升其可持续性。基于各试验点和品种对不同元素的特定需求,提出以下针对性施肥建议:15CA73需补充Ca、Cu、K、Mg、Mn和P元素时,N0处理为最佳,需补充Fe、S和Zn元素时,N180+180处理为最佳;济麦22需补充S和Zn元素时,N180+180处理为最佳,需补充其他7种元素时,推荐N0处理;中麦255需补充Ca和Cu元素时,N0处理为最佳,需补充其他7种元素时,推荐N180+180处理;中麦578需补充Ca、Cu、K、Mg和P元素时,N0处理为最佳,需补充其他4种元素时,推荐N180+180处理。综上所述,在安阳、合肥、聊城和潍坊试验点种植小麦推荐最佳氮肥处理分别为N135+135、N0、N180+180和N180+180,15CA73和济麦22的最佳氮肥处理为N0处理,中麦255和中麦578最佳氮肥处理为N180+180处理。
本研究发现,各矿质元素含量间均呈现出一定的相关性,表明其可能存在一定程度的相互依存关系,与前人[39-40]研究结果一致。平文静[41]研究发现,玉米籽粒中Cu、Fe和Zn含量间存在显著正相关关系,周让让等[42]也发现小麦籽粒中Fe和Zn含量呈显著正相关,与本试验结果一致。本研究发现Mn含量与Ca、Cu、Mg和Zn含量间均呈极显著负相关,与前人[31]研究结果相似。张盼盼等[43]研究表明,Fe和Zn含量呈显著正相关,可能是由于玉米根部产生的次生氨基酸类物质可同时螯合土壤中难溶性的Fe或Zn,且Fe和Zn的吸收与利用高度同步,进而表现出明显的协同效应,与本试验研究结果相符。前人[44]研究表明,小麦籽粒的Ca含量与Zn、Fe、S、P、Mg和Mn含量呈显著正相关,与本试验部分结果一致。
禾谷类作物籽粒中全磷的65%~90%以植酸磷形式存在,植酸磷和谷类作物中的Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn元素具有较高的亲和力,易形成难以被人和动物吸收的植酸盐,因此,P/Zn和P/Fe等指标常被用于评价这些元素的有效性[45]。本研究发现,不同小麦品种籽粒中P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn的变异系数分别为7.35%、10.00%、2.18%和7.49%。其中,中麦578与其他品种相比,籽粒中Ca、Mg和Zn元素的生物有效性最佳。研究[46]表明,施氮可提升矿质元素的生物有效性;蔺江韵等[47]研究表明,施氮可显著降低土壤pH,提高土壤中Fe和Mn元素的生物有效性,促进小麦对Fe元素的吸收及向籽粒的分配,进而提高籽粒Fe含量;左毅等[48]同样发现,施氮能显著提高籽粒中Fe的有效性;研究[49]表明,施氮能够增加玉米籽粒中Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn的生物有效性。本研究发现,随着施氮量增加,各小麦籽粒的P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn值有所降低,表明与不施氮肥相比,施氮处理不仅能提高小麦籽粒中Mg、Fe和Zn的含量,还能提高这些元素的生物有效性。
在N180+180处理下,潍坊试验点小麦主要矿质元素含量综合表现优于其他3个试验点;中麦255籽粒中各矿质元素含量综合表现优于其他3个品种。在安阳、合肥、聊城和潍坊试验点种植小麦推荐的最佳氮肥处理分别为N135+135、N0、N180+180和N180+180。15CA73和济麦22的最佳氮肥处理为N0,中麦255和中麦578的为N180+180。施用氮肥不仅能够提高小麦籽粒中Mg、Fe和Zn的含量,同时也可以提高这些元素的生物有效性。
  • 河南省重大科技专项(231100110300)
  • 神农种业实验室“一流课题”项目(SN01-2022-01)
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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.030
  • 接收时间:2024-08-13
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13
  • 修回日期:2024-09-27
基金
河南省重大科技专项(231100110300)
神农种业实验室“一流课题”项目(SN01-2022-01)
作者信息
    1河南科技大学农学院,471000,河南洛阳
    2神农种业实验室,450000,河南郑州
    3博爱县农业机械技术中心,454000,河南焦作

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王春平,主要从事小麦种质创新与分子遗传育种研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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