Article(id=1256541011589906922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724774400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-28, revisedDate=1727280000000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512322565, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512322565, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512322565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512322565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=225, endPage=230, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541013552841202, articleId=1256541011589906922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Effects of Mowing at Different Growth Stages on Forage Yield, Quality and Silage Fermentation Quality of Triticale in Northern Henan Province, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to screen the suitable mowing period with high forage yield, good quality and good silage fermentation quality of triticale in Northern Henan. Triticale varieties ʻYounengʼ and ʻLeishenʼ were used as experimental materials, and four mowing periods were set up to determine the dry matter yield, nutritional quality and silage fermentation quality. The results showed that from the heading stage to the milk stage, the dry matter yield of triticale gradually increased, with Youneng and Leishen reaching the highest of 15.64 and 16.67 t/ha, respectively. The whole plant moisture content, crude protein and crude ash contents all decreased with the delay of mowing period, the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents increased first and then decreased, and the principal component analysis of nutritional indicators indicated that the nutritional quality score peaked at the heading stage. The pH of silage was 4.05-4.50, the lactic acid content was 2.11%-4.00%, with no detection of butyric acid. Youneng and Leishen had better fermentation quality when mowed from flowering to filling stage, from heading to filling stage, respectively. In summary, Youneng and Leishen are suitable for mowing at the flowering and heading stages, respectively. At these stages, both varieties achieve high dry matter yields along with excellent nutritional and silage fermentation quality.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ruijuan Sang, Chunyang Dong, Hongmei Zhang, Yun He, Hao Sun, Boshuai Liu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Sen Ma, Defeng Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256541016006509079, articleId=1256541011589906922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=CN, title=不同生育期刈割对豫北小黑麦草产量、品质和青贮发酵质量的影响, columnId=1256536352674427254, journalTitle=作物杂志, columnName=生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为明确豫北地区小黑麦优质高产且适宜青贮的刈割期,以“优能”和“雷神”2个小黑麦品种为试验材料,设置抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期4个刈割期,测定干物质产量、营养品质及青贮发酵质量等指标。结果表明,干物质产量从抽穗期至乳熟期呈逐渐升高的趋势,优能和雷神均在乳熟期达到峰值,分别为15.64和16.67 t/hm2;随着刈割期推迟,含水量、粗蛋白及粗灰分含量逐渐降低,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量先升后降,其中抽穗期营养品质最佳;各刈割期青贮料的pH为4.05~4.50,乳酸含量为2.11%~4.00%,均未检测出丁酸。优能在开花期至灌浆期、雷神在抽穗期至灌浆期进行刈割,其青贮发酵质量较好。综上,优能和雷神分别适宜在开花期和抽穗期刈割,此时二者干物质产量较高,营养品质与青贮发酵质量俱佳。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李德锋,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:
马森为共同通信作者,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:
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桑瑞娟,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:

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桑瑞娟,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:

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桑瑞娟,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:

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3Henan Key Laboratory of Forage Resources Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
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3河南省饲草资源创新与利用重点实验室,450046,河南郑州
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3Henan Key Laboratory of Forage Resources Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
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New York: Academic Press,1978., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541112202871288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=16, issue=2, pageStart=40, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=万里强, 李向林, 张新平, journalName=草业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=万里强, 李向林, 张新平, . 苜蓿含水量与添加剂组分浓度对青贮效果的影响研究. 草业学报, 2007, 16(2):40-45., articleTitle=苜蓿含水量与添加剂组分浓度对青贮效果的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541112681021954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=44, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=马旭光, 刘晶晶, 郑泽慧, journalName=中国农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马旭光, 刘晶晶, 郑泽慧, . 乙酸和乳酸对玉米秸秆青贮料有氧稳定性和甲烷产率的影响. 中国农业大学学报, 2015, 20(1):44-52., articleTitle=乙酸和乳酸对玉米秸秆青贮料有氧稳定性和甲烷产率的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541114203554310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=21, pageStart=60, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=曹晓娟, 武俊英, 李文旭, journalName=中国饲料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹晓娟, 武俊英, 李文旭, . 不同添加剂对青贮燕麦发酵品质和营养成分的影响. 中国饲料, 2022(21):60-65., articleTitle=不同添加剂对青贮燕麦发酵品质和营养成分的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541114375520775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=27, issue=5, pageStart=85, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=刘晶, 宋谦, 田新会, journalName=草业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晶, 宋谦, 田新会, . 基于隶属函数法和GGE双标图的饲草型小黑麦种质适应性评价. 草业学报, 2018, 27(5):85-96., articleTitle=基于隶属函数法和GGE双标图的饲草型小黑麦种质适应性评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541114845282829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=6, pageStart=42, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=李满有, 朱保侠, 赵延军, journalName=南方农机, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李满有, 朱保侠, 赵延军, . 宁南山区6个小黑麦品种适应性评价研究. 南方农机, 2024, 55(6):42-45., articleTitle=宁南山区6个小黑麦品种适应性评价研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541115231158804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=53, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=柳茜, 卢寰宗, 乔雪峰, journalName=中国奶牛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柳茜, 卢寰宗, 乔雪峰, . 凉山安宁河流域冬闲田种植饲用燕麦与饲用小黑麦生产性能比较. 中国奶牛, 2023(12):53-55., articleTitle=凉山安宁河流域冬闲田种植饲用燕麦与饲用小黑麦生产性能比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541115646394912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=62, issue=9, pageStart=15, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=王晓春, 张瑞, 沈建荣, journalName=宁夏农林科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王晓春, 张瑞, 沈建荣, . 小黑麦品种“晋饲草1号”在宁夏灌区的引进评价. 宁夏农林科技, 2021, 62(9):15-17,29,85., articleTitle=小黑麦品种“晋饲草1号”在宁夏灌区的引进评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541115835138599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=192, pageEnd=202, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=王珊珊, 谷海涛, 谢慧芳, journalName=草业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王珊珊, 谷海涛, 谢慧芳, . 113份饲草型六倍体小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状的评价. 草业学报, 2023, 32(1):192-202., articleTitle=113份饲草型六倍体小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状的评价, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256541087959793898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2020年10月至2021年6月试验地气温与积温, figureFileSmall=br5zh7QFdglxDC2rtF6AVg==, figureFileBig=Wy82lkZUtzSH6CoYdeDzMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541071530704958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The tiller number and winter survival rate of different triticale varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
分蘖数Tiller number 越冬率
Winter survival
rate (%)
越冬前
Before winter
越冬后
After winter
优能Youneng 3.1±0.2c 5.8±0.6b 67.0±2.2b
雷神Leishen 3.2±0.4c 8.6±1.7a 84.6±9.1a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541071983689797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同小黑麦品种的分蘖数与越冬率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
分蘖数Tiller number 越冬率
Winter survival
rate (%)
越冬前
Before winter
越冬后
After winter
优能Youneng 3.1±0.2c 5.8±0.6b 67.0±2.2b
雷神Leishen 3.2±0.4c 8.6±1.7a 84.6±9.1a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541072851910735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Agronomic traits and forage yield of triticale in different mowing periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing period
刈割时间
Mowing time
株高
Plant height (m)
鲜草产量
Fresh forage yield (t/hm2)
干物质产量
Dry matter yield (t/hm2)
干鲜比
Dry to fresh ratio
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 4月24日 0.97±0.06c 42.30±1.58cd 6.39±0.24f 0.15±0.00e
开花期 5月4日 1.27±0.02b 45.00±1.06bc 10.48±0.25e 0.23±0.01d
灌浆期 5月11日 1.32±0.02b 41.25±1.77d 11.76±0.50d 0.29±0.02c
乳熟期 5月18日 1.32±0.03b 44.67±1.41bcd 15.64±0.49b 0.35±0.01a
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 5月1日 1.32±0.03b 55.60±1.48a 12.19±0.33d 0.22±0.01d
开花期 5月11日 1.51±0.03a 46.75±1.77b 13.20±0.50c 0.28±0.00c
灌浆期 5月18日 1.57±0.04a 46.36±0.27b 14.88±0.09b 0.32±0.01b
乳熟期 5月26日 1.58±0.03a 45.06±0.38b 16.67±0.07a 0.37±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541074185699413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同刈割期小黑麦的农艺性状和草产量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing period
刈割时间
Mowing time
株高
Plant height (m)
鲜草产量
Fresh forage yield (t/hm2)
干物质产量
Dry matter yield (t/hm2)
干鲜比
Dry to fresh ratio
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 4月24日 0.97±0.06c 42.30±1.58cd 6.39±0.24f 0.15±0.00e
开花期 5月4日 1.27±0.02b 45.00±1.06bc 10.48±0.25e 0.23±0.01d
灌浆期 5月11日 1.32±0.02b 41.25±1.77d 11.76±0.50d 0.29±0.02c
乳熟期 5月18日 1.32±0.03b 44.67±1.41bcd 15.64±0.49b 0.35±0.01a
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 5月1日 1.32±0.03b 55.60±1.48a 12.19±0.33d 0.22±0.01d
开花期 5月11日 1.51±0.03a 46.75±1.77b 13.20±0.50c 0.28±0.00c
灌浆期 5月18日 1.57±0.04a 46.36±0.27b 14.88±0.09b 0.32±0.01b
乳熟期 5月26日 1.58±0.03a 45.06±0.38b 16.67±0.07a 0.37±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541074907119713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Nutrient content and principal component scores of triticale in different mowing periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing period
粗蛋白
CP (%)
粗灰分
CA (%)
中性洗涤纤维
NDF (%)
酸性洗涤纤维
ADF (%)
相对牧草质量
RFQ (%)
主成分得分
Principal component score
分级
Grade
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 15.76±0.34a 11.08±0.11ab 51.63±0.88d 39.51±0.72b 137.16±0.38a 2.46 一级
开花期 11.70±0.11c 13.01±0.63a 56.10±1.08c 42.18±0.70b 114.17±3.42b 1.25 二级
灌浆期 11.63±0.38c 11.36±0.64ab 60.47±0.20a 45.93±0.26a 92.31±3.11c 0.17 三级
乳熟期 9.55±0.26d 10.37±0.35b 58.53±0.39ab 41.63±0.03b 107.97±0.59b 0.81 三级
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 13.07±1.07b 13.35±1.54a 53.45±0.61d 40.67±1.10b 127.14±2.18a 1.85 一级
开花期 11.93±0.47bc 11.81±1.16ab 59.21±1.50ab 45.22±2.00a 97.39±4.39c 0.43 三级
灌浆期 10.22±0.42d 10.97±1.51ab 57.65±0.63bc 42.29±1.71b 109.03±8.94b 0.83 二级
乳熟期 8.79±0.53e 10.38±1.32b 55.01±0.20c 41.99±1.55b 118.25±3.23ab 1.18 二级
), ArticleFig(id=1256541076119273579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同刈割期小黑麦的营养成分含量和主成分得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing period
粗蛋白
CP (%)
粗灰分
CA (%)
中性洗涤纤维
NDF (%)
酸性洗涤纤维
ADF (%)
相对牧草质量
RFQ (%)
主成分得分
Principal component score
分级
Grade
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 15.76±0.34a 11.08±0.11ab 51.63±0.88d 39.51±0.72b 137.16±0.38a 2.46 一级
开花期 11.70±0.11c 13.01±0.63a 56.10±1.08c 42.18±0.70b 114.17±3.42b 1.25 二级
灌浆期 11.63±0.38c 11.36±0.64ab 60.47±0.20a 45.93±0.26a 92.31±3.11c 0.17 三级
乳熟期 9.55±0.26d 10.37±0.35b 58.53±0.39ab 41.63±0.03b 107.97±0.59b 0.81 三级
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 13.07±1.07b 13.35±1.54a 53.45±0.61d 40.67±1.10b 127.14±2.18a 1.85 一级
开花期 11.93±0.47bc 11.81±1.16ab 59.21±1.50ab 45.22±2.00a 97.39±4.39c 0.43 三级
灌浆期 10.22±0.42d 10.97±1.51ab 57.65±0.63bc 42.29±1.71b 109.03±8.94b 0.83 二级
乳熟期 8.79±0.53e 10.38±1.32b 55.01±0.20c 41.99±1.55b 118.25±3.23ab 1.18 二级
), ArticleFig(id=1256541077381759098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Principal component analysis of nutritional indexes of triticale

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Index
主成分
Principal component
PC1 PC2
酸性洗涤纤维ADF 0.956 -0.030
中性洗涤纤维NDF 0.953 0.235
相对牧草质量RFQ 0.950 0.293
粗蛋白CP 0.446 0.716
粗灰分CA 0.020 -0.914
累计方差贡献率
Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)
58.474
29.804
), ArticleFig(id=1256541078619078782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

小黑麦各营养指标的主成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标
Index
主成分
Principal component
PC1 PC2
酸性洗涤纤维ADF 0.956 -0.030
中性洗涤纤维NDF 0.953 0.235
相对牧草质量RFQ 0.950 0.293
粗蛋白CP 0.446 0.716
粗灰分CA 0.020 -0.914
累计方差贡献率
Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)
58.474
29.804
), ArticleFig(id=1256541079206281354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Silage moisture content, pH and organic acid content of triticale in different mowing periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing
period
青贮含水量
Silage moisture
content (%)
pH 有机酸含量Organic acid content (%) 主成分得分
Principal
component score
乳酸
Lactic acid
乙酸
Acetic acid
丙酸
Propanoic acid
丁酸
Butyric acid
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 88.2 4.20±0.28b 4.00±1.20a 1.45±0.21a 0.49±0.69a 0.89
开花期 76.2 4.10±0.00b 3.94±0.19a 1.06±0.22abc 1.50
灌浆期 74.6 4.15±0.00b 3.88±0.09a 1.12±0.03ab 1.41
乳熟期 71.4 4.30±0.00ab 3.74±0.37a 0.74±0.14bcd 1.18
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 75.6 4.05±0.07b 3.78±0.58a 0.55±0.08cd 1.52
开花期 70.5 4.20±0.00b 3.43±0.26a 0.48±0.11d 1.23
灌浆期 66.0 4.20±0.00b 3.18±0.63ab 0.83±0.17bcd 0.13±0.00a 1.04
乳熟期 64.4 4.50±0.14a 2.11±0.41b 0.41±0.02d 0.15±0.06a 0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1256541080300994716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同刈割期小黑麦的青贮含水量、pH和有机酸含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing
period
青贮含水量
Silage moisture
content (%)
pH 有机酸含量Organic acid content (%) 主成分得分
Principal
component score
乳酸
Lactic acid
乙酸
Acetic acid
丙酸
Propanoic acid
丁酸
Butyric acid
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 88.2 4.20±0.28b 4.00±1.20a 1.45±0.21a 0.49±0.69a 0.89
开花期 76.2 4.10±0.00b 3.94±0.19a 1.06±0.22abc 1.50
灌浆期 74.6 4.15±0.00b 3.88±0.09a 1.12±0.03ab 1.41
乳熟期 71.4 4.30±0.00ab 3.74±0.37a 0.74±0.14bcd 1.18
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 75.6 4.05±0.07b 3.78±0.58a 0.55±0.08cd 1.52
开花期 70.5 4.20±0.00b 3.43±0.26a 0.48±0.11d 1.23
灌浆期 66.0 4.20±0.00b 3.18±0.63ab 0.83±0.17bcd 0.13±0.00a 1.04
乳熟期 64.4 4.50±0.14a 2.11±0.41b 0.41±0.02d 0.15±0.06a 0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1256541084159754416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Correlation coefficient value and weighted relevance degree of triticale in different mowing periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing period
干物质产量
Dry matter yield
营养品质
Nutritional quality
发酵质量
Fermentation quality
加权关联度
Weighted relevance degree
排序
Sort
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 0.333 1.000 0.478 1.558 4
开花期 0.454 0.486 0.967 1.785 1
灌浆期 0.511 0.333 0.842 1.593 3
乳熟期 0.833 0.410 0.632 1.730 2
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 0.534 0.652 1.000 1.989 1
开花期 0.597 0.361 0.835 1.685 2
灌浆期 0.742 0.413 0.549 1.562 4
乳熟期 1.000 0.472 0.333 1.621 3
), ArticleFig(id=1256541084583379132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同刈割期小黑麦的关联系数值和加权关联度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety
刈割期
Mowing period
干物质产量
Dry matter yield
营养品质
Nutritional quality
发酵质量
Fermentation quality
加权关联度
Weighted relevance degree
排序
Sort
优能
Youneng
抽穗期 0.333 1.000 0.478 1.558 4
开花期 0.454 0.486 0.967 1.785 1
灌浆期 0.511 0.333 0.842 1.593 3
乳熟期 0.833 0.410 0.632 1.730 2
雷神
Leishen
抽穗期 0.534 0.652 1.000 1.989 1
开花期 0.597 0.361 0.835 1.685 2
灌浆期 0.742 0.413 0.549 1.562 4
乳熟期 1.000 0.472 0.333 1.621 3
), ArticleFig(id=1256541085426434249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Equal-weight correlation degree and weight coefficient of indexes of triticale

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目
Item
干物质产量
Dry matter yield
营养品质
Nutritional quality
青贮发酵质量
Silage fermentation quality
等权关联度Equal weight correlation degree 0.209 0.172 0.235
权重系数Weight coefficient 0.919 0.758 1.035
), ArticleFig(id=1256541087523586265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541011589906922, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

小黑麦各指标的等权关联度和权重系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目
Item
干物质产量
Dry matter yield
营养品质
Nutritional quality
青贮发酵质量
Silage fermentation quality
等权关联度Equal weight correlation degree 0.209 0.172 0.235
权重系数Weight coefficient 0.919 0.758 1.035
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不同生育期刈割对豫北小黑麦草产量、品质和青贮发酵质量的影响
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桑瑞娟 1 , 董春阳 1 , 张红妹 1 , 何云 2 , 孙浩 1, 3, 4 , 刘伯帅 1, 3, 4 , 朱晓艳 1, 3, 4 , 马森 1, 3, 4 , 李德锋 1, 3, 4
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(1): 225-230
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(1): 225-230
不同生育期刈割对豫北小黑麦草产量、品质和青贮发酵质量的影响
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桑瑞娟1 , 董春阳1, 张红妹1, 何云2, 孙浩1, 3, 4, 刘伯帅1, 3, 4, 朱晓艳1, 3, 4, 马森1, 3, 4 , 李德锋1, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1河南农业大学动物科技学院,450046,河南郑州
  • 2河南科技学院动物科学学院,453003,河南新乡
  • 3河南省饲草资源创新与利用重点实验室,450046,河南郑州
  • 4河南省牧草工程技术研究中心,450046,河南郑州
  • 桑瑞娟,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

李德锋,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:
马森为共同通信作者,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:
Effects of Mowing at Different Growth Stages on Forage Yield, Quality and Silage Fermentation Quality of Triticale in Northern Henan Province
Ruijuan Sang1 , Chunyang Dong1, Hongmei Zhang1, Yun He2, Hao Sun1, 3, 4, Boshuai Liu1, 3, 4, Xiaoyan Zhu1, 3, 4, Sen Ma1, 3, 4 , Defeng Li1, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • 2College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
  • 3Henan Key Laboratory of Forage Resources Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • 4Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.028
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为明确豫北地区小黑麦优质高产且适宜青贮的刈割期,以“优能”和“雷神”2个小黑麦品种为试验材料,设置抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期4个刈割期,测定干物质产量、营养品质及青贮发酵质量等指标。结果表明,干物质产量从抽穗期至乳熟期呈逐渐升高的趋势,优能和雷神均在乳熟期达到峰值,分别为15.64和16.67 t/hm2;随着刈割期推迟,含水量、粗蛋白及粗灰分含量逐渐降低,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量先升后降,其中抽穗期营养品质最佳;各刈割期青贮料的pH为4.05~4.50,乳酸含量为2.11%~4.00%,均未检测出丁酸。优能在开花期至灌浆期、雷神在抽穗期至灌浆期进行刈割,其青贮发酵质量较好。综上,优能和雷神分别适宜在开花期和抽穗期刈割,此时二者干物质产量较高,营养品质与青贮发酵质量俱佳。
小黑麦  /  刈割期  /  产量  /  营养品质  /  发酵质量

In order to screen the suitable mowing period with high forage yield, good quality and good silage fermentation quality of triticale in Northern Henan. Triticale varieties ʻYounengʼ and ʻLeishenʼ were used as experimental materials, and four mowing periods were set up to determine the dry matter yield, nutritional quality and silage fermentation quality. The results showed that from the heading stage to the milk stage, the dry matter yield of triticale gradually increased, with Youneng and Leishen reaching the highest of 15.64 and 16.67 t/ha, respectively. The whole plant moisture content, crude protein and crude ash contents all decreased with the delay of mowing period, the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents increased first and then decreased, and the principal component analysis of nutritional indicators indicated that the nutritional quality score peaked at the heading stage. The pH of silage was 4.05-4.50, the lactic acid content was 2.11%-4.00%, with no detection of butyric acid. Youneng and Leishen had better fermentation quality when mowed from flowering to filling stage, from heading to filling stage, respectively. In summary, Youneng and Leishen are suitable for mowing at the flowering and heading stages, respectively. At these stages, both varieties achieve high dry matter yields along with excellent nutritional and silage fermentation quality.

Triticale  /  Mowing period  /  Yield  /  Nutritional quality  /  Fermentation quality
桑瑞娟, 董春阳, 张红妹, 何云, 孙浩, 刘伯帅, 朱晓艳, 马森, 李德锋. 不同生育期刈割对豫北小黑麦草产量、品质和青贮发酵质量的影响. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 225 -230 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.028
Ruijuan Sang, Chunyang Dong, Hongmei Zhang, Yun He, Hao Sun, Boshuai Liu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Sen Ma, Defeng Li. Effects of Mowing at Different Growth Stages on Forage Yield, Quality and Silage Fermentation Quality of Triticale in Northern Henan Province[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 225 -230 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.028
小黑麦(× Triticosecale Wittm.)作为小麦属(Triticum spp.)与黑麦属(Secale cereale L.)通过属间有性杂交并结合染色体工程培育而成的新物种,兼具小麦与黑麦的优良特性,具备产量高和抗逆性强等优势[1]。其利用方式灵活多样,可用于青刈、调制干草及青贮等,是极具发展潜力的优质饲草[2]。河南省牛羊养殖规模庞大,对优质饲草的需求极为旺盛。在河南省种植小黑麦是解决优质饲草短缺问题、实现节本增效的有效途径。刈割期对小黑麦的产量与品质影响较大[3-4],小黑麦生长发育过程中光合产物积累量逐渐增加,刈割时间越晚则产量越高,但品质会降低。目前,针对小黑麦最佳刈割期的研究发现,中饲1048、石大1号和甘农2号在河南济源地区于抽穗期刈割[5];中饲1048和冀饲2号在湖南地区于灌浆期刈割[1];11个小黑麦新品系在甘肃定西地区于开花期刈割时,均能获得最佳干草产量与品质[2]。受区域气候条件和种植品种差异等因素影响,各地区小黑麦实现高产优质的最佳刈割期并不统一。因此,各地区在种植小黑麦时需对刈割期进行研究。
在河南省,小黑麦通常于4月抽穗、5月刈割,而此阶段易突发降雨[6],给调制干草带来风险。青贮方式可避免天气因素的干扰,还能有效减少营养损失[7]。青贮发酵质量受刈割期影响显著,在抽穗期刈割时,若小黑麦含水量较高则会减缓乳酸菌发酵进程和pH下降速度[8]。王增远等[9]认为于开花期进行青贮,其发酵质量最佳;贾龙等[10]则提出灌浆期―乳熟期为最佳刈割期;还有学者[11]认为蜡熟期刈割能够制成发酵质量较好的青贮饲料。目前,关于刈割期对豫北地区小黑麦青贮发酵质量影响的研究鲜见报道。基于此,本研究以“优能”和“雷神”2个小黑麦品种为研究对象,设置抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期4个刈割期,研究刈割期对小黑麦干物质产量、营养品质以及青贮发酵质量等指标的影响,旨在明确小黑麦在豫北地区的适宜刈割期,为河南省小黑麦的优质高产栽培提供理论支撑。
于2020年10月至2021年6月在河南农业大学原阳牧草基地(35.11° N,113.96° E)进行试验。该地区年均气温约15 ℃,全年极端低温(-14~ -8 ℃)出现在12月至次年2月,年均无霜期225 d,年降水量550 mm以上。该试验基地土壤类型为壤土,土壤基本理化性质为有机质15.35 g/kg、速效钾105.08 mg/kg、速效磷18.83 mg/kg、碱解氮73.65 mg/kg、pH 7.2。试验期间气温见图1
供试材料为“优能”和“雷神”2个小黑麦品种,由北京正道种业有限公司提供。设置抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期(花后7 d)和乳熟期(花后14 d)4个生育期进行刈割,刈割时间记载标准为50%植株进入该生育时期的日期。2个品种均于2020年10月24日播种,采用完全随机区组排列,4个重复,共32个小区,小区面积30 m2(3 m×10 m),条播,行距20 cm,播种量150 kg/hm2,播种深度3~5 cm。播前施氮磷钾复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O=15%: 15%:15%)450 kg/hm2作为底肥,于拔节期追施尿素150 kg/hm2。于12月上旬、拔节期和孕穗期灌溉。按设置的生育期进行刈割与测产,刈割后的小黑麦不经晾晒直接用铡草机切碎,长度2~3 cm,采用真空袋青贮,每袋2.0 kg。
于2020年11月29日(初霜期),每小区随机选其中1行标记1 m,测定苗数M1;于2021年3月5日(返青期),挖出标记的小黑麦测定成活的苗数M2,计算越冬率(N):N(%)=(M2/M1)×100。分别于初霜期和返青期在每小区避开边缘随机挖取20株小黑麦,测定每株分蘖数,计算平均值。按设置的生育期刈割,每小区随机选取4 m2(5行,4 m长)样方,留茬5 cm刈割,称量鲜重(鲜草产量),取1 kg左右鲜草样,于实验室105 ℃杀青后,65 ℃烘干至恒重,称量干重并留样,用于测定营养指标,计算干鲜比,折算干物质产量。计算青贮含水量:青贮含水量(%)=(鲜草产量-干物质产量)/鲜草产量×100。同时,每个小区随机选择20个有效穗,测量植株绝对高度为株高。
上述烘干的草样粉碎后,采用近红外检测方法[12]测定粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)、粗灰分(crude ash,CA)、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量,计算相对牧草质量(relative forage quality,RFQ)[13-14]:RFQ=1.9499×{[(120/NDF)‍×(88.9- 0.779×ADF)]/1.29}-67.03。青贮60 d后开封,测定pH值,采用液相色谱法[15]测定有机酸(乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸)含量。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析,对差异显著的指标进行邓肯多重比较,对各营养指标和青贮发酵指标进行主成分分析,并计算主成分得分。采用灰色关联度分析法对干物质产量、营养品质和青贮发酵质量进行综合评价[16]
优能和雷神的越冬率分别为67.0%和84.6%,雷神显著高于优能。优能和雷神越冬前分蘖数分别为3.1和3.2,二者无显著差异;越冬后分蘖数分别增加至5.8和8.6,雷神显著高于优能(表1)。
2个小黑麦品种的株高和干物质产量均随刈割期推迟逐渐升高,于乳熟期达到最高,此时优能和雷神的株高分别为1.32和1.58 m,干物质产量分别为15.64和16.67 t/hm2,雷神显著高于优能(表2)。优能和雷神从播种至乳熟期的生育期天数分别为209和216 d,雷神相对晚熟。
随刈割期推迟,2个品种的CP含量逐渐降低,NDF和ADF含量先升高后降低。优能的RFQ从高到低依次为:抽穗期>开花期>乳熟期>灌浆期;雷神依次为:抽穗期>乳熟期>灌浆期>开花期(表3)。对营养品质指标进行主成分分析,提取出2个主成分,ADF、NDF和RFQ对主成分得分的影响较大(表4),抽穗期的营养品质主成分得分最高。对各生育期小黑麦进行干草质量分级,优能抽穗期至乳熟期分别为一级、二级、三级和三级;雷神抽穗期至乳熟期分别为一级、三级、二级和二级。
随刈割期推迟,优能和雷神的青贮含水量分别由88.2%和75.6%逐渐降低为71.4%和64.4%。优能各生育期刈割后的青贮饲料pH和乳酸含量差异不显著,乙酸含量在0.74%~1.45%,抽穗期检测出丙酸,各生育期未检测到丁酸。雷神各生育期刈割后的青贮饲料pH和乳酸含量分别为4.05~4.50和2.11%~3.78%,各刈割期乙酸含量差异不显著,灌浆期和乳熟期的丙酸含量分别为0.13%和0.15%,各生育期未检测到丁酸(表5)。对pH和有机酸含量进行主成分分析,发现优能和雷神分别于开花期和抽穗期青贮发酵质量较好。
采用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价(表6表7),对各指标的加权关联度进行排序,关联度越大说明与最优指标的相似度越高。优能开花期综合表现最优,其次为乳熟期;雷神抽穗期表现最优,其次为开花期。
小黑麦青贮收获需兼顾优质高产与良好的发酵质量。本试验发现,随刈割期推迟2个小黑麦品种的干物质产量均呈逐渐升高趋势,与前人[17-18]研究结果类似。在牧草生长发育过程中,产量与品质呈相反变化趋势,品质随生育进程推进而逐渐降低[19]。因此,要实现高产与优质的平衡,需选择适宜的刈割期[20]。目前,国内外针对小黑麦最佳刈割期开展了大量研究[21-23],但由于品种、区域和气候等存在差异,最佳刈割期并无统一标准。本试验表明,随着刈割期推迟,小黑麦的CP含量逐渐降低,ADF和NDF含量先升高后降低,且2个品种均在抽穗期刈割时营养品质最佳。综合产量和品质因素,本研究发现优能在开花期、雷神在抽穗期刈割可实现优质高产。鉴于河南济源地区2019年和2021年的气候条件与本试验地相似,其研究结果[5,24]显示小黑麦产量和品质的最佳刈割期为抽穗期至开花期,表明河南省气候条件相近地区种植小黑麦的最佳刈割期较为一致。
不同生育期小黑麦含水量差异较大[10],而含水量是影响青贮发酵的重要因素之一[25]。有学者[26-27]认为,抽穗期含水量过高,青贮过程中易导致养分流失;乳熟期接近蜡熟期时的含水量适宜青贮,若刈割过晚、含水量过低,则会抑制乳酸菌生长[28-30]。乳酸含量通常越高越好,因其能快速降低pH,抑制好氧菌和霉菌生长,减少养分损失。
本试验中,小黑麦含水量在64.4%~88.2%,青贮时均未出现腐烂现象;在抽穗期至灌浆期,乳酸含量较高,pH显著低于乳熟期。乙酸可抑制真菌繁殖,减少开窖后的二次发酵,但含量过高会影响适口性,一般可接受的乙酸含量低于2%[31]。本试验中,乙酸含量占干物质的0.41%~1.45%,符合优质青贮标准。此外,优质青贮饲料一般要求不含丁酸或其含量较低(<0.1%)[32],本试验未检测到丁酸。综合各生育期的含水量和pH等因素,优能在开花期至灌浆期、雷神在抽穗期至灌浆期进行刈割,青贮效果更佳。
在实际生产中,小黑麦的干物质产量、营养品质与青贮发酵质量难以同时达到最优状态[33]。为此,本试验采用灰色关联度法,对小黑麦不同刈割期的干草产量、营养品质及青贮发酵品质展开综合评价。结果显示,优能在开花期、雷神在抽穗期进行刈割表现较佳,此时二者青贮产量分别达45.06和55.60 t/hm2,高于宁夏[34]和四川[35]等地的产量,展现出较大的饲草生产潜力。小黑麦具备较强的抗寒性,河南省冬季气候寒冷,2021年1月曾出现-14 ℃的极端低温,但2个品种均能安全越冬,表明其可适应本地区的气候与土壤条件。小黑麦在低温环境下仍可生长,能有效利用初冬和早春的光热资源[36-37]。并且,2个品种均在5月上旬刈割,收获时间较早,有利于接茬种植花生和晚熟型玉米等其他作物,可在实现一年两熟的同时提高土地利用率,增加河南省优质饲草的供应量。
随刈割期推迟,小黑麦干物质产量逐渐增加,含水量和营养品质逐渐降低;优能在开花期至灌浆期、雷神在抽穗期至灌浆期刈割的青贮发酵质量较好。综合认为,优能在开花期、雷神在抽穗期刈割的干物质产量较高,营养品质和青贮发酵质量较好。
  • 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)
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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.028
  • 接收时间:2024-08-28
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
  • 修回日期:2024-09-26
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)
作者信息
    1河南农业大学动物科技学院,450046,河南郑州
    2河南科技学院动物科学学院,453003,河南新乡
    3河南省饲草资源创新与利用重点实验室,450046,河南郑州
    4河南省牧草工程技术研究中心,450046,河南郑州

通讯作者:

李德锋,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:
马森为共同通信作者,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwzz/CN/10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.028
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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