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Article(id=1256541008205046121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719417600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-27, revisedDate=1723651200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512321758, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512321758, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512321758, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512321758, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=189, endPage=196, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541009786298738, articleId=1256541008205046121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A field experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of different microbial fertilizers of biological and compound formulations on soil physicochemical properties, growth and development, disease resistance, photosynthetic characteristics, economic traits, chemical composition, and sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer could effectively improve the soil available nutrients, ameliorate soil acidification, and promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, showing better plant height, leaf length, stem girth and effective leaf number. Among all the treatments, the treatment of biological agents, purple spotted fungus had the most obvious effect. In addition, the application of purple spotted fungus increased the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value). Compared with the CK treatment, the application of microbial fertilizer affected the occurrence of tobacco disease. The application of root rot control agent (double dosage) and thick- walled verticillium improved the resistance to common mosaic virus, while the application of root rot control agent, purple spotted fungus, oxmayl and fluorescent pseudomonad improved the resistance to black shank disease. The appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco, economic properties, chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves and the total score of sensory evaluation were the best in the treatment of biological agents. This indicated that the application of purple spotted fungus in biological-based microbial fertilizer could improve soil physicochemistry properties to a certain extent, promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve disease resistance. At the same time, it could cause changes in the appearance quality and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, thus improving the quality and yield quality of flue-cured tobacco.

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通过田间试验，施用生物制剂类和复合制剂类的不同微生物菌肥，研究其对烤烟土壤理化性质、生长发育、抗病性、光合特性、经济性状、烟叶化学成分及感官评吸的影响。结果表明，施用微生物菌肥能有效提高土壤速效养分，改善土壤酸化，进而促进烤烟生长发育，表现出较好的株高、叶长、茎围以及有效叶数，其中施用生物制剂类的淡紫紫孢菌效果最明显。此外，施用淡紫紫孢菌提高了净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度以及叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）。与CK处理相比，施用微生物菌肥处理影响了烟草病害的发生，施用双倍根腐宁和厚孢轮枝菌提高了对普通花叶病毒的抗病性，而施用根腐宁、淡紫紫孢菌、奥线灵和荧光假单胞杆菌则提高了黑胫病抗性；烤烟外观质量、经济性状、烤后烟叶化学成分及感官评吸总分整体以施用生物制剂类的处理表现最佳。生物制剂类微生物菌肥中淡紫紫孢菌的施用在一定程度上能改善土壤理化特性，能促进烤烟生长发育，提高抗病性，同时，能使烤烟外观质量和化学成分发生变化，进而提升烤烟品质和产量。

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杜宇，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究，E-mail：
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施锘，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究，E-mail：

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施锘，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究，E-mail：

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施锘，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究，E-mail：

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Experiment design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment 菌肥Bacterial fertilizer 施用量及方法Application dosage and method
CK 常规施肥 －
S1 常规施肥+淡紫紫孢菌 0.5 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
S2 常规施肥+荧光假单胞杆菌 0.6 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
S3 常规施肥+厚孢轮枝菌 2 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
F1 常规施肥+根腐宁 菌肥稀释1000倍，每处理的喷施总量为5 L
F2 常规施肥+根腐宁（双倍） 菌肥稀释1000倍，每处理的喷施总量为10 L
F3 常规施肥+奥线灵 2 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
), ArticleFig(id=1256541055248360254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment 菌肥Bacterial fertilizer 施用量及方法Application dosage and method
CK 常规施肥 －
S1 常规施肥+淡紫紫孢菌 0.5 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
S2 常规施肥+荧光假单胞杆菌 0.6 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
S3 常规施肥+厚孢轮枝菌 2 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
F1 常规施肥+根腐宁 菌肥稀释1000倍，每处理的喷施总量为5 L
F2 常规施肥+根腐宁（双倍） 菌肥稀释1000倍，每处理的喷施总量为10 L
F3 常规施肥+奥线灵 2 g/株（将菌肥溶解于100 mL水中，灌根处理）
), ArticleFig(id=1256541056745726792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Score for appearance quality of tobacco leaves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Indicator 评分Rating
成熟度Maturity 成熟（7~10）、完熟（6~9）、尚熟（4~7）、欠熟（0~4）、假熟（3~5）
颜色Color 橘黄（7~10）、柠檬黄（6~9）、红棕（3~7）、微带青（3~6）、青黄（1~4）、杂色（0~3）
色度Chroma 浓（8~10）、强（6~8）、中（4~6）、弱（2~4）、淡（0~2）
油分Oil content 多（8~10）、有（5~8）、稍有（3~5）、少（0~3）
叶片结构Blade structure 疏松（8~10）、尚疏松（5~8）、稍密（3~5）、紧密（0~3）
身份Thickness 中等（7~10）、稍薄（4~7）、稍厚（4~7）、薄（0~4）、厚（0~4）
), ArticleFig(id=1256541058033378137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

烤烟外观质量赋分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Indicator 评分Rating
成熟度Maturity 成熟（7~10）、完熟（6~9）、尚熟（4~7）、欠熟（0~4）、假熟（3~5）
颜色Color 橘黄（7~10）、柠檬黄（6~9）、红棕（3~7）、微带青（3~6）、青黄（1~4）、杂色（0~3）
色度Chroma 浓（8~10）、强（6~8）、中（4~6）、弱（2~4）、淡（0~2）
油分Oil content 多（8~10）、有（5~8）、稍有（3~5）、少（0~3）
叶片结构Blade structure 疏松（8~10）、尚疏松（5~8）、稍密（3~5）、紧密（0~3）
身份Thickness 中等（7~10）、稍薄（4~7）、稍厚（4~7）、薄（0~4）、厚（0~4）
), ArticleFig(id=1256541059228754787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on soil physicochemical properties of flue-cured tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkali
hydrolyzed
nitrogen (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 pH 有机质
Organic
matter
(g/kg)
CK 136.72e 86.70e 47.36c 4.68c 69.21a
S1 187.97a 110.88d 60.35a 4.90a 62.23b
S2 182.63a 81.21e 35.55d 5.21a 50.31c
S3 176.52b 112.97d 32.91d 4.89b 42.65d
F1 167.02c 242.61b 51.90b 4.56c 64.85b
F2 154.51d 364.58a 35.88d 4.92b 45.62d
F3 163.17c 122.20c 49.27b 4.98a 61.54b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541061703394161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烤烟土壤理化性质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkali
hydrolyzed
nitrogen (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 pH 有机质
Organic
matter
(g/kg)
CK 136.72e 86.70e 47.36c 4.68c 69.21a
S1 187.97a 110.88d 60.35a 4.90a 62.23b
S2 182.63a 81.21e 35.55d 5.21a 50.31c
S3 176.52b 112.97d 32.91d 4.89b 42.65d
F1 167.02c 242.61b 51.90b 4.56c 64.85b
F2 154.51d 364.58a 35.88d 4.92b 45.62d
F3 163.17c 122.20c 49.27b 4.98a 61.54b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541062642918275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on growth period of flue-cured tobacco 月-日month-day

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 移栽期
Transplanting
stage		 现蕾期
Budding
stage		 中心花开放期
Central
flowering stage		 脚叶成熟期
Foot leaf
maturity
CK 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
S1 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
S2 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
S3 04-25 06-26 03-07 07-12
F1 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
F2 04-25 06-26 03-07 07-12
F3 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
), ArticleFig(id=1256541063485973395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烤烟生育期的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 移栽期
Transplanting
stage		 现蕾期
Budding
stage		 中心花开放期
Central
flowering stage		 脚叶成熟期
Foot leaf
maturity
CK 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
S1 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
S2 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
S3 04-25 06-26 03-07 07-12
F1 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
F2 04-25 06-26 03-07 07-12
F3 04-25 06-27 04-07 07-12
), ArticleFig(id=1256541065612485536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎围
Stem girth (cm)		 最大叶长
Maximum leaf length (cm)		 最大叶宽
Maximum leaf width (cm)		 有效叶片数
Effective number of leaves
CK 107.17bc 9.08bc 73.80ab 29.78c 20.67ab
S1 120.20a 10.05a 77.32a 33.13a 22.00a
S2 117.37a 9.57ab 72.70ab 32.08ab 21.17ab
S3 101.72c 9.22bc 71.05b 29.03c 20.17b
F1 109.45b 9.47ab 75.82a 32.08ab 21.17ab
F2 110.23b 9.60ab 74.67ab 30.55bc 20.83ab
F3 100.45c 8.75c 69.82b 29.28c 19.83b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541067168572334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烤烟农艺性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎围
Stem girth (cm)		 最大叶长
Maximum leaf length (cm)		 最大叶宽
Maximum leaf width (cm)		 有效叶片数
Effective number of leaves
CK 107.17bc 9.08bc 73.80ab 29.78c 20.67ab
S1 120.20a 10.05a 77.32a 33.13a 22.00a
S2 117.37a 9.57ab 72.70ab 32.08ab 21.17ab
S3 101.72c 9.22bc 71.05b 29.03c 20.17b
F1 109.45b 9.47ab 75.82a 32.08ab 21.17ab
F2 110.23b 9.60ab 74.67ab 30.55bc 20.83ab
F3 100.45c 8.75c 69.82b 29.28c 19.83b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541070930863036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on main morbidity and disease index of flue-cured tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 烟草花叶病Tobacco mosaic disease 烟草黑胫病Tobacco black shank 气候性斑点病Weather fleck
发病率
Morbidity (%)		 病情指数
Disease index		 发病率
Morbidity (%)		 病情指数
Disease index		 发病率
Morbidity (%)		 病情指数
Disease index
CK 9.56a 7.65a 2.87c 2.29c 0.00c 0.00c
S1 0.62c 0.49c 2.45d 1.96d 0.00c 0.00c
S2 0.56c 0.45c 1.64f 1.31e 0.53b 0.42b
S3 0.00d 0.00d 5.41a 4.32a 0.00c 0.00c
F1 3.98b 3.18b 2.25e 1.80d 0.00c 0.00c
F2 0.00d 0.00d 3.39b 2.71b 0.56b 0.44b
F3 0.58c 0.46c 1.20g 0.96f 0.62a 0.49a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541071434179527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烤烟主要病害发病率及病情指数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 烟草花叶病Tobacco mosaic disease 烟草黑胫病Tobacco black shank 气候性斑点病Weather fleck
发病率
Morbidity (%)		 病情指数
Disease index		 发病率
Morbidity (%)		 病情指数
Disease index		 发病率
Morbidity (%)		 病情指数
Disease index
CK 9.56a 7.65a 2.87c 2.29c 0.00c 0.00c
S1 0.62c 0.49c 2.45d 1.96d 0.00c 0.00c
S2 0.56c 0.45c 1.64f 1.31e 0.53b 0.42b
S3 0.00d 0.00d 5.41a 4.32a 0.00c 0.00c
F1 3.98b 3.18b 2.25e 1.80d 0.00c 0.00c
F2 0.00d 0.00d 3.39b 2.71b 0.56b 0.44b
F3 0.58c 0.46c 1.20g 0.96f 0.62a 0.49a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541073514554330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on the photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 净光合速率
Pn [μmol/(m2∙s)]		 气孔导度
Gs [mol/(m2∙s)]		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci (μmol/m2)		 蒸腾速率
Tr [mmol/(m2∙s)]		 SPAD值
SPAD value
CK 8.41c 0.55b 233.47c 1.54b 48.65b
S1 11.16a 0.71a 256.17a 1.58b 51.23a
S2 9.78b 0.52b 232.18c 1.59b 46.82b
S3 9.51b 0.58b 218.47d 1.37c 39.98c
F1 10.25a 0.69a 254.47a 1.74a 48.94b
F2 9.98b 0.75a 244.25b 1.60b 47.21b
F3 10.98a 0.68a 235.48c 1.79a 44.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541074345026530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烤烟光合特征的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 净光合速率
Pn [μmol/(m2∙s)]		 气孔导度
Gs [mol/(m2∙s)]		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci (μmol/m2)		 蒸腾速率
Tr [mmol/(m2∙s)]		 SPAD值
SPAD value
CK 8.41c 0.55b 233.47c 1.54b 48.65b
S1 11.16a 0.71a 256.17a 1.58b 51.23a
S2 9.78b 0.52b 232.18c 1.59b 46.82b
S3 9.51b 0.58b 218.47d 1.37c 39.98c
F1 10.25a 0.69a 254.47a 1.74a 48.94b
F2 9.98b 0.75a 244.25b 1.60b 47.21b
F3 10.98a 0.68a 235.48c 1.79a 44.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541074764456942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 均价
（元/kg）
Mean price
(yuan/kg)		 产值（元/hm2）
Production
value
(yuan/hm2)		 中上等烟比例
Proportion of
medium to high
tobacco (%)
CK 2397.00b 22.50b 53 932.50c 79.10b
S1 2482.50a 24.50a 60 820.50a 84.70a
S2 2529.00a 23.30a 58 926.00a 82.90a
S3 2347.50c 22.10c 51 880.50c 73.50c
F1 2455.50a 23.10a 56 721.00a 81.60b
F2 2484.50c 21.80c 54 379.50c 78.70b
F3 2341.50c 22.30b 52 216.50c 75.80c
), ArticleFig(id=1256541075217441782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烤烟经济性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 均价
（元/kg）
Mean price
(yuan/kg)		 产值（元/hm2）
Production
value
(yuan/hm2)		 中上等烟比例
Proportion of
medium to high
tobacco (%)
CK 2397.00b 22.50b 53 932.50c 79.10b
S1 2482.50a 24.50a 60 820.50a 84.70a
S2 2529.00a 23.30a 58 926.00a 82.90a
S3 2347.50c 22.10c 51 880.50c 73.50c
F1 2455.50a 23.10a 56 721.00a 81.60b
F2 2484.50c 21.80c 54 379.50c 78.70b
F3 2341.50c 22.30b 52 216.50c 75.80c
), ArticleFig(id=1256541076068884484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on appearance quality of raw tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 成熟度
Maturity		 颜色
Color		 色度
Chroma		 油分
Oil
content		 叶片结构
Blade
structure		 身份
Thickness
CK 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
S1 成熟 橘黄 中 充足 疏松 中等
S2 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
S3 成熟 橘黄 中 充足 疏松 中等
F1 成熟 橘黄 中 充足 疏松 中等
F2 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
F3 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
), ArticleFig(id=1256541076874190860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对原烟外观质量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 成熟度
Maturity		 颜色
Color		 色度
Chroma		 油分
Oil
content		 叶片结构
Blade
structure		 身份
Thickness
CK 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
S1 成熟 橘黄 中 充足 疏松 中等
S2 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
S3 成熟 橘黄 中 充足 疏松 中等
F1 成熟 橘黄 中 充足 疏松 中等
F2 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
F3 成熟 橘黄 中 中等 疏松 稍薄
), ArticleFig(id=1256541078954565665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation results of appearance quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 成熟度
Maturity		 颜色
Color		 色度
Chroma		 油分
Oil
content		 叶片结构
Blade
structure		 身份
Thickness		 总分
Total
score
CK 8 8 5 8 8 8 45
S1 8 8 6 9 9 9 49
S2 8 7 4 7 8 7 41
S3 9 9 6 8 8 8 48
F1 9 8 6 8 8 8 47
F2 7 8 5 7 8 7 42
F3 7 7 4 7 8 7 40
), ArticleFig(id=1256541081060106299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

外观质量综合评分结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 成熟度
Maturity		 颜色
Color		 色度
Chroma		 油分
Oil
content		 叶片结构
Blade
structure		 身份
Thickness		 总分
Total
score
CK 8 8 5 8 8 8 45
S1 8 8 6 9 9 9 49
S2 8 7 4 7 8 7 41
S3 9 9 6 8 8 8 48
F1 9 8 6 8 8 8 47
F2 7 8 5 7 8 7 42
F3 7 7 4 7 8 7 40
), ArticleFig(id=1256541084189057092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 总糖
Total sugar (%)		 还原糖
Reducing sugar (%)		 烟碱
Nicotine (%)		 总氮
Total N (%)		 氯
Cl (%)		 钾
K (%)		 钾氯比
K/Cl		 糖碱比
Total sugar/nicotine		 氮碱比
Total N/nicotine
CK 25.03a 12.95a 1.48b 2.12b 0.09d 2.72a 21.23ab 8.31ab 1.55ab
S1 28.82a 21.06a 2.39ab 2.29ab 0.27b 2.29ab 8.81bc 10.96ab 1.12bc
S2 26.57a 20.27a 1.43b 1.90b 0.19bc 2.91a 16.10abc 15.64a 1.47ab
S3 29.88a 18.61a 1.66b 2.11b 0.12cd 2.39ab 23.60a 11.30ab 1.27abc
F1 32.30a 22.61a 3.27a 2.65a 0.41a 1.82b 4.44c 6.92b 0.81c
F2 23.80a 14.16a 1.42b 2.16b 0.11cd 2.58ab 23.55a 10.79ab 1.62ab
F3 24.04a 21.66b 1.52b 2.34ab 0.21b 2.93a 13.85abc 15.58a 1.68a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541084453298254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烟叶化学成分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 总糖
Total sugar (%)		 还原糖
Reducing sugar (%)		 烟碱
Nicotine (%)		 总氮
Total N (%)		 氯
Cl (%)		 钾
K (%)		 钾氯比
K/Cl		 糖碱比
Total sugar/nicotine		 氮碱比
Total N/nicotine
CK 25.03a 12.95a 1.48b 2.12b 0.09d 2.72a 21.23ab 8.31ab 1.55ab
S1 28.82a 21.06a 2.39ab 2.29ab 0.27b 2.29ab 8.81bc 10.96ab 1.12bc
S2 26.57a 20.27a 1.43b 1.90b 0.19bc 2.91a 16.10abc 15.64a 1.47ab
S3 29.88a 18.61a 1.66b 2.11b 0.12cd 2.39ab 23.60a 11.30ab 1.27abc
F1 32.30a 22.61a 3.27a 2.65a 0.41a 1.82b 4.44c 6.92b 0.81c
F2 23.80a 14.16a 1.42b 2.16b 0.11cd 2.58ab 23.55a 10.79ab 1.62ab
F3 24.04a 21.66b 1.52b 2.34ab 0.21b 2.93a 13.85abc 15.58a 1.68a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541085619314774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation results of chemical quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 总糖
Total sugar (%)		 还原糖
Sugar (%)		 烟碱
Nicotine (%)		 总氮
Toatl N (%)		 氯
Cl (%)		 钾
K (%)		 钾氯比
K/Cl		 总分
Total score
CK 69.5 48.0 46.0 100.0 100.0 98.76 30.00 78.88
S1 100.0 100.0 25.0 95.8 100.0 94.16 95.33 97.45
S2 100.0 43.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 53.60 46.00 71.84
S3 100.0 66.0 100.0 97.8 100.0 92.80 83.00 90.04
F1 97.0 53.0 100.0 86.4 68.8 89.20 90.67 82.05
F2 80.8 42.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94.84 16.00 76.92
F3 100.0 52.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.20 4.00 69.83
), ArticleFig(id=1256541086068105313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

化学品质综合评分结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 总糖
Total sugar (%)		 还原糖
Sugar (%)		 烟碱
Nicotine (%)		 总氮
Toatl N (%)		 氯
Cl (%)		 钾
K (%)		 钾氯比
K/Cl		 总分
Total score
CK 69.5 48.0 46.0 100.0 100.0 98.76 30.00 78.88
S1 100.0 100.0 25.0 95.8 100.0 94.16 95.33 97.45
S2 100.0 43.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 53.60 46.00 71.84
S3 100.0 66.0 100.0 97.8 100.0 92.80 83.00 90.04
F1 97.0 53.0 100.0 86.4 68.8 89.20 90.67 82.05
F2 80.8 42.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94.84 16.00 76.92
F3 100.0 52.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.20 4.00 69.83
), ArticleFig(id=1256541087636775018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=EN, label=Table 13, caption=

Effects of different microbial fertilizers on the sensory evaluation and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 香型
Fragrance
type		 香气质
Aroma
quality		 香气量
Aroma
volume		 浓度
Concentration		 刺激性
Irritancy		 杂气
Off-flavor		 劲头
Strength		 余味
Aftertaste		 柔细度
Smoothness		 甜度
Sweetness		 总分
Total
score
CK 6 8.0ab 7.7ab 8.0a 7.8a 7.7a 8.0a 8.0a 8.0a 8.0a 65.2a
S1 6 8.3a 7.8ab 7.8a 7.8a 8.0a 7.8a 7.8a 8.0a 7.8a 65.5a
S2 6 8.3a 7.8ab 7.7a 7.8a 7.7a 7.5a 7.8a 8.2a 8.0a 64.8a
S3 6 8.2ab 7.8ab 8.0a 8.0a 7.7a 8.0a 7.8a 7.8a 7.8a 65.3a
F1 6 8.0ab 8.2a 8.0a 7.7a 7.7a 7.8a 8.0a 8.0a 8.0a 65.3a
F2 6 8.2ab 7.8ab 8.0a 7.8a 7.7a 7.7a 7.8a 8.0a 8.2a 65.0a
F3 6 7.7b 7.5b 7.7a 8.0a 7.7a 7.3a 7.8a 8.0a 7.7a 63.7a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541087842295923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541008205046121, language=CN, label=表13, caption=

不同微生物菌肥对烤烟感官评吸质量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 香型
Fragrance
type		 香气质
Aroma
quality		 香气量
Aroma
volume		 浓度
Concentration		 刺激性
Irritancy		 杂气
Off-flavor		 劲头
Strength		 余味
Aftertaste		 柔细度
Smoothness		 甜度
Sweetness		 总分
Total
score
CK 6 8.0ab 7.7ab 8.0a 7.8a 7.7a 8.0a 8.0a 8.0a 8.0a 65.2a
S1 6 8.3a 7.8ab 7.8a 7.8a 8.0a 7.8a 7.8a 8.0a 7.8a 65.5a
S2 6 8.3a 7.8ab 7.7a 7.8a 7.7a 7.5a 7.8a 8.2a 8.0a 64.8a
S3 6 8.2ab 7.8ab 8.0a 8.0a 7.7a 8.0a 7.8a 7.8a 7.8a 65.3a
F1 6 8.0ab 8.2a 8.0a 7.7a 7.7a 7.8a 8.0a 8.0a 8.0a 65.3a
F2 6 8.2ab 7.8ab 8.0a 7.8a 7.7a 7.7a 7.8a 8.0a 8.2a 65.0a
F3 6 7.7b 7.5b 7.7a 8.0a 7.7a 7.3a 7.8a 8.0a 7.7a 63.7a
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不同微生物菌肥对烤烟生长发育、产量及品质的影响
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施锘 1 , 朱宏强 2 , 杨梦璇 1 , 周艳宾 2 , 代惠娟 2 , 吕鹏辉 2 , 刘波 2 , 王圣丰 2 , 穆文坡 2 , 杜宇 1
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(1): 189-196
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(1): 189-196
不同微生物菌肥对烤烟生长发育、产量及品质的影响
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施锘1 , 朱宏强2, 杨梦璇1, 周艳宾2, 代惠娟2, 吕鹏辉2, 刘波2, 王圣丰2, 穆文坡2, 杜宇1
作者信息
  • 1云南农业大学烟草学院，650201，云南昆明
  • 2河北中烟工业有限责任公司，050051，河北石家庄

    • 施锘，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究，E-mail：

通讯作者:

杜宇，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究，E-mail：
Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco
Nuo Shi1 , Hongqiang Zhu2, Mengxuan Yang1, Yanbin Zhou2, Huijuan Dai2, Penghui Lü2, Bo Liu2, Shengfeng Wang2, Wenpo Mu2, Yu Du1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Tobacco, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
  • 2China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.024
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摘要
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通过田间试验，施用生物制剂类和复合制剂类的不同微生物菌肥，研究其对烤烟土壤理化性质、生长发育、抗病性、光合特性、经济性状、烟叶化学成分及感官评吸的影响。结果表明，施用微生物菌肥能有效提高土壤速效养分，改善土壤酸化，进而促进烤烟生长发育，表现出较好的株高、叶长、茎围以及有效叶数，其中施用生物制剂类的淡紫紫孢菌效果最明显。此外，施用淡紫紫孢菌提高了净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度以及叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）。与CK处理相比，施用微生物菌肥处理影响了烟草病害的发生，施用双倍根腐宁和厚孢轮枝菌提高了对普通花叶病毒的抗病性，而施用根腐宁、淡紫紫孢菌、奥线灵和荧光假单胞杆菌则提高了黑胫病抗性；烤烟外观质量、经济性状、烤后烟叶化学成分及感官评吸总分整体以施用生物制剂类的处理表现最佳。生物制剂类微生物菌肥中淡紫紫孢菌的施用在一定程度上能改善土壤理化特性，能促进烤烟生长发育，提高抗病性，同时，能使烤烟外观质量和化学成分发生变化，进而提升烤烟品质和产量。

烤烟  /  微生物菌肥  /  生长发育  /  产量  /  质量

A field experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of different microbial fertilizers of biological and compound formulations on soil physicochemical properties, growth and development, disease resistance, photosynthetic characteristics, economic traits, chemical composition, and sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer could effectively improve the soil available nutrients, ameliorate soil acidification, and promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, showing better plant height, leaf length, stem girth and effective leaf number. Among all the treatments, the treatment of biological agents, purple spotted fungus had the most obvious effect. In addition, the application of purple spotted fungus increased the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value). Compared with the CK treatment, the application of microbial fertilizer affected the occurrence of tobacco disease. The application of root rot control agent (double dosage) and thick- walled verticillium improved the resistance to common mosaic virus, while the application of root rot control agent, purple spotted fungus, oxmayl and fluorescent pseudomonad improved the resistance to black shank disease. The appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco, economic properties, chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves and the total score of sensory evaluation were the best in the treatment of biological agents. This indicated that the application of purple spotted fungus in biological-based microbial fertilizer could improve soil physicochemistry properties to a certain extent, promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve disease resistance. At the same time, it could cause changes in the appearance quality and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, thus improving the quality and yield quality of flue-cured tobacco.

Flue-cured tobacco  /  Microbial fertilizer  /  Growth and development  /  Yield  /  Quality
施锘, 朱宏强, 杨梦璇, 周艳宾, 代惠娟, 吕鹏辉, 刘波, 王圣丰, 穆文坡, 杜宇. 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟生长发育、产量及品质的影响. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 189 -196 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.024
Nuo Shi, Hongqiang Zhu, Mengxuan Yang, Yanbin Zhou, Huijuan Dai, Penghui Lü, Bo Liu, Shengfeng Wang, Wenpo Mu, Yu Du. Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 189 -196 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.024
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烤烟作为一种重要的经济作物，其产量与品质直接关系到烟草行业的经济效益和消费者健康[1]。因此，如何提高烤烟的生长发育水平、减少病害发生以及提升烟叶的产量和质量，一直是烟草生产领域研究的热点和难点。近年来，随着农业科技的不断发展，微生物菌肥作为一类具有绿色、环保、高效的生物肥料，正逐步在农业生产领域获得广泛应用[2]。在烤烟生产中，施用化肥虽然能在短期内达到优质适产，但往往伴随着环境污染、土壤退化以及烟叶品质下降等问题[3-4]。施加有机肥和烤烟―绿肥轮作等方式可提高烟叶的产量与品质[5]，但有机肥的缓释效应[6]使其肥力见效慢，从而导致烟株生长缓慢，降低了经济效益[7]。而微生物菌肥则通过其丰富的有益微生物种群和生物活性物质改善土壤环境，提高土壤肥力，促进烤烟根系的生长发育，增强烤烟的抗病性和抗逆性，从而全面提高烤烟的产量和品质[8]。
微生物菌肥具有活性微生物菌群[9]，既能改善土壤环境，增加土壤养分和储水能力[10]，降解土壤中难溶性物质，促进作物根系对养分的吸收，又能增强作物的免疫力，从而提升作物的质量与品质[11-14]，在抗病虫害、改善土质和保产增质方面具有突出效果[15]。生物制剂类微生物菌肥通常由一种或多种特定功能的微生物组成，通过其生命活动直接或间接改良土壤、恢复地力、维持根际微生物区系平衡。复合制剂类微生物菌肥是由2种或2种以上的微生物菌，或1种微生物菌与其他营养物质（如氮、磷、钾等大量元素及微量元素）复混而成的肥料。不同类型的微生物菌肥发挥着不同的作用。Li等[16]研究表明，施用微生物菌肥后玉米土壤的微生物区系和化学特性发生显著变化；Zhao等[17]研究也发现，根际微生物对不同浓度微生物菌肥的响应存在差异，施用生物菌肥使微生物群落结构发生明显变化；王书娟等[18]研究发现，施用微生物菌肥可提高辣椒生长势，增强抗病性。也有研究[19]表明，施用微生物菌肥能够明显提前果实的成熟时间，增产效果明显。
微生物菌肥对植物生长发育和抗病性能产生影响，但不同种类的微生物菌肥（生物制剂类和复合制剂类）对烤烟生长发育及其产量、品质的影响效果尚不明确。因此，本研究以烤烟为研究对象，选用不同种类的微生物菌肥开展田间试验，探究微生物菌肥对烤烟生长发育、产量及品质的影响，为烤烟生产的可持续发展提供理论支持。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 试验地概况与试验材料
试验于2022年4月25日-9月1日在云南省昆明市禄劝县九龙镇（25°24′30″~26°22′00″ N，120°14′00″~102°56′10″ E）进行。试验地土壤理化性质为pH 5.18、有机质79.41 g/kg、碱解氮127.72 mg/kg、有效磷42.68 mg/kg、速效钾145.32 mg/kg。供试烤烟品种为云烟87，化学肥料采用烟草专用肥、普钙、硫酸钾和硝酸钾，微生物菌肥采用生物制剂类（淡紫紫孢菌、荧光假单胞杆菌和厚孢轮枝菌）和复合制剂类（奥线灵和根腐宁）。
1.2 试验设计
以不同种类的微生物菌肥为因素，设置7个处理，3次重复，共21个小区，每小区不少于50株，行株距120 cm×50 cm，具体见表1。小区随机区组排列，四周设保护行。微生物菌肥按照产品说明书使用量施加，其他管理措施按照当地优质烟叶生产技术体系进行。
1.3 测定项目与方法
1.3.1 土壤理化性质
采用水土比为2.5:1的电位法测定土壤pH；采用重铬酸钾容量法―外加热法测定土壤有机质含量；采用0.5 mo1/L NaHCO3浸提―钼锑抗比色法测定土壤有效磷含量；采用1 mol/L醋酸铵浸提―火焰光度法测定土壤速效钾含量；采用碱扩散法测定土壤碱解氮含量。
1.3.2 生育期
按烤烟生育期调查标准[20]准确记录移栽期、现蕾期、中心花开放期和脚叶成熟期。当小区内进入某生育期的烟株数占总株数的比例达到50%时作为该小区烟株整体进入该生育期的时间。
1.3.3 农艺性状
按照YC/T 142-2010[20]于移栽后90 d进行农艺性状调查，调查内容包括株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶长和最大叶宽，每个处理随机调查10株。
1.3.4 病害调查
依据GB/T23222-2008[21]对田间自然发病情况进行调查，并计算病情指数和发病率：
$病情指数 =\sum[ 各级病株（叶）数 × 该级级数 ] \times 100／[调查总株（叶）数 × 最高级级数]$
$\text { 发病率 }=\text { 发病株数／调查总株数 } \times 100 \%$
1.3.5 光合特性
于移栽后60 d，选取3株长势良好且差异小的烟株，利用SPAD-502测定仪（日本柯尼卡美能达）进行叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）测量（每株选取中部叶3片）；利用Li-6400光合仪测定光合特性。
1.3.6 经济性状及原烟外观质量调查
烟叶成熟烘烤后，按照42级国家烟叶分级标准[21]分级，采收，小区计产，根据2022年云南禄劝烤烟收购价格，计算其产量、产值、中上等烟比例及均价，并随机抽取每处理相同部位叶片各10片，调查其原烟外观质量。
1.3.7 化学成分和感官评吸质量分析
烟叶成熟烘烤后，每个处理选取C3F等级烟叶各2 kg进行烟叶化学成分测定。利用AA3连续流动分析仪（上海水尔分析仪器）测定总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱和氯含量；利用Analyst300原子吸收光谱仪（美国珀金埃尔默）测定钾含量。
依据烤烟外观质量赋分法[22]以及烤烟化学成分指标赋值法[23-24]，对烤烟外观质量与化学成分进行评定。参照烤烟感官质量综合评价法[23]，进行感官评吸质量分析，由河北中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心进行烟叶感官质量测定。
（1） 烤烟外观质量赋分法：烤烟外观质量赋分见表2，每个分项按10分制进行打分，各档次间可依实际打分，最小单位为0.5分。
（2）烤烟化学成分指标赋值法：各指标均以公认的最适范围100分，高于或低于该最适范围依次降低分值，用Excel 2019对分值与指标范围进行等比例取值并用于线性建模，将指标数据代入建模公式则得对应分值，采用指数和法评价烤烟内在化学成分协调性综合情况：
$ P=\Sigma P_{i} \times C_{i}$
式中，P为烤烟化学成分协调性综合指数；Ci为第i个化学成分指标量化分值；Pi为第i个化学成分指标相对权重。
（3）烤烟感官质量综合评价法：总分=香气质+香气量+浓度+刺激性+杂气+劲头+余味+柔细度+甜度。香型：1-清甜香型，2-蜜甜香型，3-醇甜香型，4-焦甜焦香型，5-焦甜醇甜香型，6-清甜蜜甜香型，7-蜜甜焦香型，8-木香蜜甜香型。其余香气质、香气量、浓度、刺激性、杂气、劲头、余味、柔细度和甜度最大标度值为9。
1.4 数据分析
采用Microsoft Excel 2019和IBM Statistic SPSS 23.0软件进行数据处理和统计制图。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟土壤理化性质的影响
由表3可知，施用微生物菌肥处理的碱解氮含量显著高于CK处理，其中施加生物制剂的碱解氮含量较高。除S2处理外，其余处理速效钾含量均显著高于CK处理。在有效磷含量中，S1处理显著最高，与CK处理相比增加了27.43%。在pH值中，S1、S2和F3处理显著高于其他处理，三者间无显著差异。在有机质含量中，施用微生物菌肥处理的有机质含量均显著低于CK处理。综上所述，S1处理提高了土壤速效养分，表现最佳。
2.2 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟生育期的影响
由表4可知，在移栽期和脚叶成熟期，各处理表现均一致。在现蕾期和中心花开放期，S3和F2处理比CK处理提前1 d，其他处理表现一致。
2.3 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟农艺性状的影响
由表5可知，S1和S2处理的株高显著高于CK处理，分别增加了12.16%和9.52%。S1处理的茎围显著高于CK处理，增加了10.68%。各处理的最大叶长与CK处理无显著差异。S1、S2和F1处理最大叶宽均显著高于CK处理，分别增加了11.25%、7.72%和7.72%。各处理的有效叶片数无显著差异，其中S1处理有效叶片数最多，较CK处理增加了6.43%。
2.4 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟主要病害发病率及病情指数的影响
由表6可知，主要发生的病害有烟草普通花叶病、烟草黑胫病和气候性斑点病。在施用微生物菌肥后，烟草花叶病的发病率均显著降低，发病率和病情指数从高到低均为CK>F1>S1>F3>S2>F2=S3，其中S3和F2处理的发病率和病情指数均为0。对于烟草黑胫病而言，除S3和F2处理外，其余处理的发病率和病情指数均显著低于CK处理。对于气候性斑点病而言，发病率和病情指数以F3处理最高，CK、S1、S3和F1处理均为0。
2.5 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟光合特性的影响
由表7可知，施用微生物菌肥处理的净光合速率（Pn）均显著高于CK处理。在气孔导度（Gs）方面，除S2和S3处理外，其余处理均显著高于CK处理。在胞间CO2浓度（Ci）方面，S1处理显著高于CK处理，增加了9.72%。在蒸腾速率（Tr）方面，除S3处理外，其余处理均高于CK处理。在SPAD值方面，S1处理显著高于CK处理，增加了5.30%，S3处理显著低于CK处理，降低了17.82%，其余处理间无显著差异。
2.6 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟经济性状及原烟外观质量的影响
2.6.1 对烤烟经济性状的影响
由表8可知，S1、S2和F1处理的产量、均价、产值、中上等烟比例均显著高于CK处理，其中，S1处理表现最优，产量、均价和产值分别增加了3.57%、8.89%和12.77%，且中上等烟比例升高了5.6个百分点。
2.6.2 对烤烟原烟外观质量的影响
由表9可知，各处理在成熟度、颜色和色度以及叶片结构方面表现均一致。在油分和身份方面，S1、S3和F1处理表现为油分充足、身份中等，CK、S2、F2和F3处理则为油分中等、身份稍薄。由表10烤烟外观质量评分可看出，单个指标方面，不同微生物菌肥对油分和身份的影响较大，从总分来看，S1处理评分最高，F3处理评分最低。
2.7 不同微生物菌肥对烤后烟叶化学成分的影响
由表11可知，与CK处理相比，施用微生物菌肥后，部分处理的总糖和还原糖含量有升高趋势，其中S1、S2、F1和F3处理总糖和还原糖含量均达到优质标准。仅有S1处理烟碱含量达到优质标准。除F1处理外，其余处理的总氮含量和钾氯比均达到优质标准；除CK处理外，其余处理氯含量均达到优质标准；对于钾含量，所有处理均在优质范围内；除S2和F3处理外，其余处理的糖碱比均在优质范围内；仅有F1处理的氮碱比达到优质标准。相比于其他处理，S1处理更接近于优质范围。由表12烤烟品质评分可看出，单个指标方面，不同微生物菌肥对还原糖、总氮、钾和钾氯比影响较大；总分方面，S1处理评分最高，F3处理评分最低。
2.8 不同微生物菌肥对烤烟感官评吸质量的影响
通过感官评吸质量分析（表13）可知，不同处理下烤烟均为清甜蜜甜香型，香气质以S1和S2处理最高，F3处理最低；香气量以F1处理最高，F3处理最低；浓度、刺激性、杂气、劲头、余味、柔细度和甜度等指标在各处理间无显著差异；各处理间总分也无显著差异，但S1处理总分最高，为65.5。
3 讨论
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过度施用化肥会造成土壤酸化，从而导致植烟土壤质量直线下滑，因此，微生物菌肥在土壤改良中发挥重要作用。施用微生物菌肥会使土壤中的微生物数量增多，促进有益微生物群落富集，进而使土壤养分发生变化。本研究发现，施用淡紫紫孢菌能够提高土壤中速效养分含量，这与胡诚等[25]研究结果一致，可能是因为微生物菌肥中腐殖酸和氨基酸有机质等营养成分转化分解产生速效养分；也可能是微生物分泌的有机酸和蛋白质酶类使难溶的无机盐降解为植物能够吸收的游离速效养分，因而使土壤速效养分含量提高。王豹祥等[26]研究发现，施用微生物肥料能够提高土壤中有机质的含量，这与本研究结果相反，可能是土壤中或微生物菌肥中的微生物过度活跃，导致有关碳代谢的微生物呼吸作用增强，使有机质转变成CO2释放到了空气中，从而降低了土壤中的有机质含量。本研究还发现，施用微生物菌肥后，植烟土壤pH有所升高，这与韦建玉等[27]的研究结果基本一致，说明在酸性土壤上施用微生物菌肥，对调节土壤pH具有一定的作用。生物制剂类和复合制剂类微生物菌肥相比，施用前者的土壤pH值增加较为明显，这可能是因为复合制剂类菌肥中除微生物菌肥外还有化肥等其他供肥来源，对土壤酸碱平衡影响作用较小。因此，施用不同微生物菌肥，能使其内含的大量营养成分转化为利于吸收的养分，改善土壤环境，使土壤理化协调，进而促进烤烟生长发育，提高抗病性。
微生物菌肥的施用影响烤烟生长发育以及抗病性。前人[28-30]研究表明，微生物菌肥在一定程度上能促进烟株的早生快发，促进烟株生长发育，尤其显著提高了农艺性状，增加了烟叶的产量。增加土壤酶活性可促进烟叶光合作用增强[31]。微生物菌肥还可以促进烟株的免疫力，帮助烟株抵抗病原体的侵害，提高烟株的抗病能力[32]。本研究发现，施用根腐宁、淡紫紫孢菌、荧光假单胞杆菌和根腐宁（双倍）处理均促进生长发育。究其原因，一方面可能是生物菌肥中的有益微生物能产生糖类物质，参与腐殖质的形成，改善土壤根际微环境，活化土壤中的矿质元素，增加根际土壤养分活性，从而影响根系的生长发育，促进烟株对养分的吸收利用；另一方面可能是微生物菌肥中的功能微生物在烟株根际分泌大量的活性物质或代谢产物，从而调节和促进了烟株的生长发育。本研究中，增施淡紫紫孢菌能显著提高叶片Gs，有利于叶片与空气之间CO2交换，提高Ci活跃度，从而提高了叶片Pn。其次因Gs的增大，导致叶片Tr增加，促进烟株叶片光合能力提高。此外，本研究还发现，施用微生物菌肥后对烟草花叶病有一定的防治效果，施用根腐宁（双倍）和厚孢轮枝菌后，黑胫病的发生率反而升高，另外，在施用奥线灵、荧光假单胞杆菌、根腐宁（双倍）后，气候性斑点病的发病率也有不同程度的升高，施用淡紫紫孢菌的综合抗病性较好，不同处理间出现抗病性差异，可能是不同微生物菌肥含有不同的抗病活性物质，从而对不同病害的抑制作用存在差异。因此，微生物菌肥能促进烤烟生长发育，增强光合特性，提高抗病性。
微生物菌肥的施用，能够有效降低化学农药的使用量，增强烤烟根际生态系统中的微生物多样性。这种相互作用不仅丰富了土壤中的营养元素，还促进了烟株对各类养分的吸收与利用，为烟株创造了良好的生长环境与条件，进而促进了烟叶产量的提升与品质的优化。微生物菌肥通过其内含的有益微生物在烟株根系区域的活跃作用，有效抑制了病原菌侵袭，提高了烟株抗病性，减少病害发生的风险。同时，施用微生物菌肥还促进了烤烟化学成分的协调，使得烟叶在风味与品质上均得到了显著提升[33]。前人[34-35]研究表明，增施微生物菌肥能显著提高烟叶的产量、均价、产值以及中上等烟比例，还可以提升烟叶的钾含量，降低烟叶的烟碱含量并提高钾氯比，使烟叶化学成分趋于协调，从而提高感官评吸质量。本研究发现，施用淡紫紫孢菌后可提高中部叶糖、烟碱、氯、钾和总氮的含量，提高优质烤烟的比例，且感官评吸质量优于施用其他微生物菌肥；施用生物制剂类较复合制剂类菌肥效果明显，间接表明施用不同微生物菌肥在一定程度上可提升烟叶品质。这是因为微生物菌肥中的活性解钾菌等能够改善根际土壤的有效钾含量，从而提高烟叶中的钾含量，对烤烟的燃烧性和品质有显著影响[36]，微生物菌肥改变了土壤环境，使有关碳代谢功能的微生物富集，使土壤中的有效养分被烟株吸收，进而导致烟叶中碳代谢增强，使糖类物质增加。本研究为科学施用微生物菌肥提供了理论支持，对云南省烤烟产量、品质提高及病害防治具有一定的生产指导意义。
4 结论
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生物制剂类微生物菌肥中淡紫紫孢菌的施用在一定程度上改善了土壤理化，能促进烤烟生长发育，提高抗病性，同时，能引起烤烟外观质量和化学成分发生变化，进而提升烤烟品质和产量和品质。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金(32160517)
  • 河北中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2022130000340019)
文献
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.024
  • 接收时间：2024-06-27
  • 首发时间：2026-04-30
  • 出版时间：2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-27
  • 修回日期：2024-08-15
基金
国家自然科学基金(32160517)
河北中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2022130000340019)
作者信息
    1云南农业大学烟草学院，650201，云南昆明
    2河北中烟工业有限责任公司，050051，河北石家庄

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杜宇，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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