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Article(id=1256536366477918675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256536349243523385, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=1739548800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777511215085, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777511215085, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777511215085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777511215085, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256536349243523385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1777511210976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777511532015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256537695891874281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256536349243523385, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256537695891874282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256536349243523385, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=188, endPage=193, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256536370579948013, articleId=1256536366477918675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Effects of Autumn Topping and Canopy-Closing Mode on Endogenous Hormones of Spring Tea Shoots and Amino Acid Composition of Tea Leaves, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the appropriate keeping way of tea plants before closing the garden, using “Baojinghuangjincha 1” as the test material, two autumn management treatments were set up, topping before garden closing (T) and no topping (CK). Samples were collected at germination stage, bud head stage as well as one bud and one leaf stage in spring, and the hormone content was determined. The amino acid components and related gene expression levels at one bud and one leaf stage were determined, and the correlation between hormone content and main amino acid components was analyzed. The results showed that budding density, 100-bud weight, and yield of tea plants in T treatment were extremely significantly increased compared with CK treatment. The determination of endogenous hormones in three periods showed that T treatment mainly affected the contents of auxin and cytokinin, the contents of auxin and cytokinin were positively correlated with the content of major amino acids, and the contents of theanine and aspartic acid were significantly positively correlated with the content of IAA-Ala. T treatment was beneficial to the accumulation of auxin and cytokinin in new shoots of tea plants in spring, promoted the germination and growth of lateral buds of tea plants, increased the yield, and T treatment was also beneficial to the accumulation of major amino acid components, such as theanine, aspartic acid, glutamate, serine, and improved the quality of tea.

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为探讨封园之前茶树合理的留养方式，以品种“保靖黄金茶1号”为供试材料，设置秋季不打顶（CK）和打顶封园（T）2个处理，于春季萌芽期、芽头期和一芽一叶期采集样品，测定其激素含量，并对一芽一叶期的氨基酸组分及其相关基因表达水平进行测定，分析激素含量与主要氨基酸组分的相关性。结果表明，T处理茶树的发芽密度、百芽重和产量均较CK处理极显著增加，3个时期的内源激素测定表明，T处理主要影响生长素与细胞分裂素的含量，生长素、细胞分裂素含量与主要氨基酸组分含量呈正相关，主要氨基酸茶氨酸含量、天冬氨酸含量与IAA-Ala[N-（3-吲哚乙酰基）-L-丙氨酸]含量呈显著正相关。秋季打顶封园处理有利于春季茶树新梢生长素与细胞分裂素的积累，促进茶树侧芽萌发生长以及产量提升，有利于主要氨基酸组分茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丝氨酸的积累，提升茶叶品质。

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李维，主要从事茶树生态栽培研究，E-mail：；
李健权为共同通信作者，主要从事茶树育种与栽培研究，E-mail：
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向芬，主要从事茶树栽培学与生理生化研究，E-mail：

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向芬，主要从事茶树栽培学与生理生化研究，E-mail：

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向芬，主要从事茶树栽培学与生理生化研究，E-mail：

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Plant Journal, 2020, 101(1):57-70., articleTitle=Theanine transporters identified in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256536483964568011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=140, pageEnd=144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=张书沛, 林世嘉, journalName=茶业通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张书沛, 林世嘉. 茶树中茶氨酸代谢和转运机制研究进展. 茶业通报, 2023, 45(3):140-144., articleTitle=茶树中茶氨酸代谢和转运机制研究进展, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256536470962225437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, awardId=湘财农指[2024]24号, language=CN, fundingSource=中央基层农技推广体系改革与建设资金项目(湘财农指[2024]24号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256536471293575462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, awardId=2024JJ5215, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金项目(2024JJ5215), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256536473185206573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, awardId=2023JJ30317, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30317), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256536473579471154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, awardId=kq2208086, language=CN, fundingSource=长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2208086), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256536396270060219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256536396324586171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, companyId=1256536396270060219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256536396559467197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, companyId=1256536396270060219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所， 410125， 湖南长沙)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256536397197001416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256536397444465356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, companyId=1256536397197001416, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Baojing County Tea Industry Development Office, Baojing 416599, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256536397465436878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, companyId=1256536397197001416, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2保靖县茶叶产业开发办公室， 416599， 湖南保靖)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256536452381458559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different keeping treatments on budding density and yield of tea plants

“**”indicates significant differences among treatments at P < 0.01 level. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=NxDIPzig13L/YxsuQH7IJw==, figureFileBig=Y+7157QruChnI1/7BMZuZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536453614583944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同留养处理对茶树芽头发芽密度及产量的影响

“**”表示处理在P < 0.01水平存在显著性差异。下同。

, figureFileSmall=NxDIPzig13L/YxsuQH7IJw==, figureFileBig=Y+7157QruChnI1/7BMZuZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536456609317018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different keeping treatments on plant hormones during tea germination, figureFileSmall=9weG5C48k6Q8lddokp0N4Q==, figureFileBig=DEiaoqWglsUZS/GTqIc2Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536457368486048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同留养处理对茶叶萌发过程中植物激素的影响, figureFileSmall=9weG5C48k6Q8lddokp0N4Q==, figureFileBig=DEiaoqWglsUZS/GTqIc2Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536459692130477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different keeping treatments on the expression of phytohormone related genes during tea germination

“*”indicates significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05 level. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=wUidq98v3VeV896MDPdv7g==, figureFileBig=hPESYSuAmkuSWVdudW1QBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536460778455223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同留养处理对茶叶萌发过程中植物激素相关基因表达的影响

“*”表示处理在P < 0.05水平存在显著差异。下同。

, figureFileSmall=wUidq98v3VeV896MDPdv7g==, figureFileBig=hPESYSuAmkuSWVdudW1QBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536461638287553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different keeping treatments on theanine synthesis enzyme activity and related gene expression of tea plants, figureFileSmall=VJkx2rLFQzEZnY48ZTfMwg==, figureFileBig=KXT8gZb2AYULIBG2oiDvjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536463215345868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同留养处理对茶树茶氨酸合成的酶活性与相关基因表达的影响, figureFileSmall=VJkx2rLFQzEZnY48ZTfMwg==, figureFileBig=KXT8gZb2AYULIBG2oiDvjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536464603660495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correlation analysis between amino acid content and plant hormones

Glu: Glutamate, Ser: Serine.

, figureFileSmall=1y52SDICThksh8J/d2rPig==, figureFileBig=IiAclY5brx64359k3CFfDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536465580933338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=图5, caption=氨基酸含量与植物激素相关性分析

Glu：谷氨酸，Ser：丝氨酸。

, figureFileSmall=1y52SDICThksh8J/d2rPig==, figureFileBig=IiAclY5brx64359k3CFfDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536466390434019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers for quantitative real-time PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称Gene name 正向引物Forward primer (5'→3') 反向引物Reverse primer (5'→3')
CsTS1 GTTGATGTTTCTGGGCAGCA CTCACCCACACCAGTCAGAT
CsGSII-1.2 AGGAAAGCACGAAACAGCTG TGGAAGTGACAACGTACGGA
CsGOGAT AACGGTTTGTGGGAGATGAG TTGATTCAGGACCGAGGAAC
CsIAA26 CAACCCACAAAGCTCACAGA ATCTGCTTGGACGAACTGCT
CsIAA16 CTCATCCAAGGTGACTGCAA GCACCATCCATGCTAACCTT
CsARR5 CGTGAAACGCCTGAAAGATT CAACATTGCGCTGGAGTCTA
CsARR6 CGTGAAACGCCTGAAAGATT GCTCGATCAAAAGCAAGAGG
CsACTIN GCCATCTTTGATTGGAATGG GGTGCCACAACCTTGATCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1256536466822447336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

荧光定量PCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称Gene name 正向引物Forward primer (5'→3') 反向引物Reverse primer (5'→3')
CsTS1 GTTGATGTTTCTGGGCAGCA CTCACCCACACCAGTCAGAT
CsGSII-1.2 AGGAAAGCACGAAACAGCTG TGGAAGTGACAACGTACGGA
CsGOGAT AACGGTTTGTGGGAGATGAG TTGATTCAGGACCGAGGAAC
CsIAA26 CAACCCACAAAGCTCACAGA ATCTGCTTGGACGAACTGCT
CsIAA16 CTCATCCAAGGTGACTGCAA GCACCATCCATGCTAACCTT
CsARR5 CGTGAAACGCCTGAAAGATT CAACATTGCGCTGGAGTCTA
CsARR6 CGTGAAACGCCTGAAAGATT GCTCGATCAAAAGCAAGAGG
CsACTIN GCCATCTTTGATTGGAATGG GGTGCCACAACCTTGATCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1256536468571472113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Spring phenological periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 芽头期
Bud sprout stage		 一芽一叶期
One bud and one leaf stage
日期Date ±CK (d) 日期Date ±CK (d)
CK 2025-03-13 － 2025-03-21 －
T 2025-03-10 -3 2025-03-17 -4
), ArticleFig(id=1256536469091565820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

春季物候期

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 芽头期
Bud sprout stage		 一芽一叶期
One bud and one leaf stage
日期Date ±CK (d) 日期Date ±CK (d)
CK 2025-03-13 － 2025-03-21 －
T 2025-03-10 -3 2025-03-17 -4
), ArticleFig(id=1256536469544550657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different keeping treatments on amino acid composition of tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 天冬氨酸
Aspartic acid		 苏氨酸
Threonine		 丝氨酸
Serine		 谷氨酸
Glutamic acid		 茶氨酸
Theanine		 甘氨酸
Glycine		 丙氨酸
Alanine		 缬氨酸
Valine
CK 1.22±0.22bA 0.49±0.03bA 0.95±0.04aA 6.39±0.93bA 21.00±3.41bA 0.10±0.01bA 0.45±0.08bA 0.47±0.05bA
T 1.66±0.04aA 0.60±0.04aA 1.07±0.06aA 8.01±0.32aA 30.00±2.91aA 0.12±0.01aA 0.61±0.04aA 0.59±0.01aA
处理
Treatment		 异亮氨酸
Isoleucine		 亮氨酸
Leucine		 酪氨酸
Tyrosine		 苯丙氨酸
Phenylalanine		 赖氨酸
Lysine‌		 组氨酸
Histidine		 精氨酸
Arginine
CK 0.05±0.01bA 0.10±0.01bA 0.10±0.01aA 0.11±0.05aA 0.14±0.04aA 0.08±0.01aA 0.18±0.06bB
T 0.05±0.01aA 0.13±0.01aA 0.08±0.01aA 0.09±0.01aA 0.20±0.02aA 0.12±0.03aA 0.68±0.05aA
), ArticleFig(id=1256536470022701324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536366477918675, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同留养处理对茶叶氨基酸组分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 天冬氨酸
Aspartic acid		 苏氨酸
Threonine		 丝氨酸
Serine		 谷氨酸
Glutamic acid		 茶氨酸
Theanine		 甘氨酸
Glycine		 丙氨酸
Alanine		 缬氨酸
Valine
CK 1.22±0.22bA 0.49±0.03bA 0.95±0.04aA 6.39±0.93bA 21.00±3.41bA 0.10±0.01bA 0.45±0.08bA 0.47±0.05bA
T 1.66±0.04aA 0.60±0.04aA 1.07±0.06aA 8.01±0.32aA 30.00±2.91aA 0.12±0.01aA 0.61±0.04aA 0.59±0.01aA
处理
Treatment		 异亮氨酸
Isoleucine		 亮氨酸
Leucine		 酪氨酸
Tyrosine		 苯丙氨酸
Phenylalanine		 赖氨酸
Lysine‌		 组氨酸
Histidine		 精氨酸
Arginine
CK 0.05±0.01bA 0.10±0.01bA 0.10±0.01aA 0.11±0.05aA 0.14±0.04aA 0.08±0.01aA 0.18±0.06bB
T 0.05±0.01aA 0.13±0.01aA 0.08±0.01aA 0.09±0.01aA 0.20±0.02aA 0.12±0.03aA 0.68±0.05aA
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茶树秋季打顶封园模式对春茶新梢内源激素与茶叶氨基酸组分的影响
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向芬 1 , 宁静 1 , 刘红艳 1 , 戴翠婷 1 , 王俊华 2 , 李健权 1 , 李维 1
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(2): 188-193
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(2): 188-193
茶树秋季打顶封园模式对春茶新梢内源激素与茶叶氨基酸组分的影响
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向芬1 , 宁静1, 刘红艳1, 戴翠婷1, 王俊华2, 李健权1 , 李维1
作者信息
  • 1湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所， 410125， 湖南长沙
  • 2保靖县茶叶产业开发办公室， 416599， 湖南保靖

    • 向芬，主要从事茶树栽培学与生理生化研究，E-mail：

通讯作者:

李维，主要从事茶树生态栽培研究，E-mail：；
李健权为共同通信作者，主要从事茶树育种与栽培研究，E-mail：
Effects of Autumn Topping and Canopy-Closing Mode on Endogenous Hormones of Spring Tea Shoots and Amino Acid Composition of Tea Leaves
Fen Xiang1 , Jing Ning1, Hongyan Liu1, Cuiting Dai1, Junhua Wang2, Jianquan Li1 , Wei Li1
Affiliations
  • 1Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
  • 2Baojing County Tea Industry Development Office, Baojing 416599, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.023
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摘要
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为探讨封园之前茶树合理的留养方式，以品种“保靖黄金茶1号”为供试材料，设置秋季不打顶（CK）和打顶封园（T）2个处理，于春季萌芽期、芽头期和一芽一叶期采集样品，测定其激素含量，并对一芽一叶期的氨基酸组分及其相关基因表达水平进行测定，分析激素含量与主要氨基酸组分的相关性。结果表明，T处理茶树的发芽密度、百芽重和产量均较CK处理极显著增加，3个时期的内源激素测定表明，T处理主要影响生长素与细胞分裂素的含量，生长素、细胞分裂素含量与主要氨基酸组分含量呈正相关，主要氨基酸茶氨酸含量、天冬氨酸含量与IAA-Ala[N-（3-吲哚乙酰基）-L-丙氨酸]含量呈显著正相关。秋季打顶封园处理有利于春季茶树新梢生长素与细胞分裂素的积累，促进茶树侧芽萌发生长以及产量提升，有利于主要氨基酸组分茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丝氨酸的积累，提升茶叶品质。

茶树  /  留养方式  /  内源激素  /  氨基酸组分  /  茶氨酸

In order to explore the appropriate keeping way of tea plants before closing the garden, using “Baojinghuangjincha 1” as the test material, two autumn management treatments were set up, topping before garden closing (T) and no topping (CK). Samples were collected at germination stage, bud head stage as well as one bud and one leaf stage in spring, and the hormone content was determined. The amino acid components and related gene expression levels at one bud and one leaf stage were determined, and the correlation between hormone content and main amino acid components was analyzed. The results showed that budding density, 100-bud weight, and yield of tea plants in T treatment were extremely significantly increased compared with CK treatment. The determination of endogenous hormones in three periods showed that T treatment mainly affected the contents of auxin and cytokinin, the contents of auxin and cytokinin were positively correlated with the content of major amino acids, and the contents of theanine and aspartic acid were significantly positively correlated with the content of IAA-Ala. T treatment was beneficial to the accumulation of auxin and cytokinin in new shoots of tea plants in spring, promoted the germination and growth of lateral buds of tea plants, increased the yield, and T treatment was also beneficial to the accumulation of major amino acid components, such as theanine, aspartic acid, glutamate, serine, and improved the quality of tea.

Tea plant  /  Keeping mode  /  Endogenous hormone  /  Amino acid composition  /  Theanine
向芬, 宁静, 刘红艳, 戴翠婷, 王俊华, 李健权, 李维. 茶树秋季打顶封园模式对春茶新梢内源激素与茶叶氨基酸组分的影响. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (2) : 188 -193 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.023
Fen Xiang, Jing Ning, Hongyan Liu, Cuiting Dai, Junhua Wang, Jianquan Li, Wei Li. Effects of Autumn Topping and Canopy-Closing Mode on Endogenous Hormones of Spring Tea Shoots and Amino Acid Composition of Tea Leaves[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (2) : 188 -193 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.023
正文
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茶树是一种重要的多年生经济作物，茶产业作为我国主要经济产业之一[1]，为我国山区乡村振兴作出了重要贡献。春茶产量虽然只占全年产量的30%左右，但产值却占全年茶园产值的70%以上，因此春茶的产量与品质是决定茶园产值的关键[2]。封园之前茶树留养模式对翌年春季茶园新梢生长与茶叶品质有着重要影响[3]。目前，茶园秋季留养一般采取2种模式：一种为春茶结束后重修剪，留养夏秋梢，待第2年春季名优茶采摘后再剪去上一年的夏秋梢，即树冠立体留养方式[4]；另外一种为春茶结束后进行轻修剪或者重修剪，秋茶后修剪掉残留的夏秋梢，以促进第2年春茶的萌发[5]，我国湘西地区常采用春茶结束后重修剪、秋茶后打顶的留养方式。作物打顶可以打破顶端优势及抑制叶片的老化进程，有利于多年生作物来年侧芽的萌发与生长，是促进作物优质高产的重要措施之一[6]。此外，生产中常在打顶后进行一些配套农艺措施，如喷施细胞分裂素、生长素及赤霉素（GA3）等植物生长调节剂，来促进作物腋芽的萌发与生长。研究[7]表明，苹果树打顶后喷施细胞分裂素6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）能促进腋芽细胞伸长生长；棉花打顶后涂抹萘乙酸可促进根系生长，提高根系活力和总吸收面积[8]。叶用植物方面，打顶当天喷施GA3和6-BA可以增加烤烟叶面积[9]。茶园封园前一般会对茶树进行不同程度的修剪或打顶，但关于打顶对茶树体内植物激素的变化以及对翌年春茶品质的影响研究较少，通过配套农艺措施来调控其内源激素的研究更少。本试验对秋季茶园打顶封园处理后的茶树新梢不同发育阶段的植物激素以及氨基酸组分变化进行研究，探讨封园之前茶树合理的留养方式，为提高春茶产量与品质以及为茶树打顶后外源激素合理喷施提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 试验材料
试验于2023-2024年在湖南金井茶业集团有限公司基地（28°51.778′ N，113°40.388′ E）进行，供试茶树品种为“保靖黄金茶1号”，树龄10年。田间管理按常规水肥管理方法进行，茶园秋季基肥施用菜籽饼3000 kg/hm2和15:15:15复合肥750 kg/hm2，追肥施用尿素300 kg/hm2，分别于春茶萌芽前、春茶结束后和夏茶结束后进行追施，其他管理措施保持一致。
1.2 试验设计
试验茶园于春茶结束后5月上旬离地50~55 cm时剪去地上部分枝条，留养夏秋梢，于10月中下旬进行试验处理，试验设置2个处理，不打顶处理（CK）和打顶3 cm处理（T，打顶封园），每个处理100 m2，每个处理重复3次。于2024年春季萌芽期（T1）、芽头期（T2）和一芽一叶期（T3）进行样品采集和生长势调查，采集样品用液氮速冻，并于-80 ℃低温保存，用于后续指标测定。
1.3 测定指标与方法
1.3.1 生长势
对33.3 cm×33.3 cm样方（1平方尺）内的新梢进行调查，统计茶树原始冠面以上萌发的芽头数目，即发芽密度；以100个一芽一叶的重量计为百芽重，手采一芽一叶称重计算产量（kg/hm2），每个处理3次重复。
每小区于2月初分别选剪口以下（对照选顶芽以下）越冬芽10个，挂牌固定观察芽头期和一芽一叶初展期，达到30%为标准，每个处理共30个芽，每隔2~3 d观察1次，每个处理3次重复。
1.3.2 植物激素
将样本在液氮中用研磨仪研磨至粉末状；在液氮中称取50 mg研磨后的样本，分别加入10 μL浓度为100 ng/mL的内标混合溶液和1 mL甲醇/水/甲酸（15:4:1，v/v/v）提取剂，混匀；涡旋10 min，于4 °C，12 000 g/min条件下，离心5 min，取上清液至新的离心管中进行浓缩；浓缩后用100 μL 80%甲醇/水溶液复溶，过0.22 μm滤膜，置于进样瓶中，用于LC-MS/MS分析[10]。数据采集仪器系统主要包括超高效液相色谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography，UPLC）（ExionLC™ AD）和串联质谱（tandem mass spectrometry，MS/MS）（QTRAP® 6500+）。液相条件采用C18柱（1.8 µm，100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.），以超纯水（加入0.04%的乙酸）为流动相（A），色谱级乙腈为流动相（B），梯度洗脱40 min，流速0.35 mL/min；柱温40 °C，进样量2 μL。质谱条件为电喷雾离子源（electrospray ionization，ESI），温度550 °C，正离子模式下质谱电压5500 V，负离子模式下质谱电压-4500 V[11-12]，每个处理3次重复。
1.3.3 游离氨基酸组分
将0.2 g冻干的茶叶样本磨成粉末，向样品中加入4.5 mL去离子水，于100 ℃水浴15 min，6000 g/min离心10 min后，如上所述重新提取1次。合并2次上清液并冷却至室温，用去离子水定容至10 mL。合并的上清液过0.22 μm滤膜后用于后续游离氨基酸分析。
采用日立氨基酸自动分析仪检测氨基酸。使用Li+磺酸型阳离子树脂柱，流速为0.35 mL/min；反应柱温度设置为135 ℃，反应液流速0.30 mL/min；然后将20 μL滤液注入氨基酸自动分析仪，检测波长设置为570 nm和440 nm；氨基酸标准品购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司，每个处理3次重复。
1.3.4 Fd-谷氨酸合成酶（Fd-GOGAT）与谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性
采用苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司提供的试剂盒测定Fd-GOGAT和GS活性。将T1、T2、T3时期的样品在液氮下研磨成粉末，采用天根生化科技有限公司试剂盒进行RNA提取与逆转录，并采用Super Real PreMix Plus对相关基因进行定量PCR检测，PCR反应程序为95°C 10 min，95°C 10 s，58℃ 20 s，72℃ 30 s，40个循环，最后72 ℃ 5 min。选用β-actin作为数据分析的内参基因，引物见表1。
1.4 数据处理
采用Excel 2007和DPS 7.05进行数据分析，采用Origin 2019进行作图。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 打顶封园处理对茶树翌年春季芽头发芽密度与产量的影响
秋季打顶封园与不打顶留养对茶树芽头萌发与产量的影响较大。T处理的发芽密度和百芽重较CK处理分别极显著增加17.48%和27.66%（图1b和图1c）；与CK比较，T处理的芽叶长度极显著增加64.29%（图1，1d），产量极显著增加27.06%（图1e），说明茶树秋季打顶封园有利于促进茶树翌年春季新梢萌发，增加新梢的粗壮程度，使得芽头发芽密度与百芽重均极显著增加。打顶封园处理一芽一叶期比CK处理提前4 d（表2）。
2.2 打顶封园处理对茶树翌年春季新梢中植物激素与相关基因表达水平的影响
由图2可知，与CK相比，T处理对翌年茶树新梢植物激素水平有极显著影响，主要表现在生长素（IAA）与细胞分裂素（CTK）2个方面。T处理后，IAA含量在T1与T2时期极显著高于CK处理，直至T3时期2个处理间无明显差异。N-（3-吲哚乙酰基）-L-丙氨酸（IAA-Ala）含量在3个时期T处理均极显著高于CK，T3时期尤为显著。细胞分裂素反式玉米素（tZ）和双氢玉米素核苷（DHZR）含量T处理均极显著高于CK处理，其中DHZR含量差异更显著，T处理后3个时期DHZR含量提升244%以上。
由图3可知，与CK处理比较，T处理生长素信号转导通路相关基因CsIAA16与CsIAA26的相对表达量在3个阶段均提高，细胞分裂素相关基因CsARR5相对表达量在3个阶段亦升高，CsARR6相对表达量在T3时期增高，生长素和细胞分裂素相关基因相对表达水平的结果与激素含量结果基本一致。
2.3 打顶封园处理对茶树新梢氨基酸组分的影响
氨基酸组分是茶树鲜叶中最主要的生化成分之一[13]，从表3可知，与CK处理相比，T处理的一芽一叶的氨基酸组分除酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸以外均显著增加，茶氨酸占比最高，谷氨酸其次，含量分别提高42.86%和25.40%，CK处理和T处理的茶氨酸含量分别占游离氨基酸含量为66.02%和68.20%，T处理的茶氨酸含量占比增加。
谷氨酸与茶氨酸合成相关基因CsGOGAT、CsGSⅡ-1.2、CsTS1的相对表达量在T3时期最高，比CK处理分别提高了52.81%、54.43%和939.42%，氮代谢关键酶Fd-GOGAT和GS活性在T3时期也最高，GS活性增加相对较多，Fd-GOGAT和GS活性较CK处理分别增加36.49%和95.38%（图4）。
2.4 植物内源激素与茶树新梢氨基酸组分的相关性分析
保靖黄金茶一芽一叶的氨基酸含量与植物激素含量Person相关性分析结果（图5）表明，IAA含量与丙氨酸（Ala）含量显著正相关，IAA-Ala与茶氨酸（Thea）、天冬氨酸（Asp）含量显著正相关。tZ、DHZR与各氨基酸含量正相关。T3时期茶树叶片中生长素含量与氨基酸含量相关性更显著。
3 讨论
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作物打顶处理可促进侧芽萌发与生长，本研究中与不打顶处理比较，秋季打顶封园处理促进了春季芽头的萌发与生长，芽头发芽密度与百芽重均极显著增加，芽叶长度与茶叶产量亦极显著增加，说明秋季打顶封园处理能显著增加春季茶树芽头萌发与生长，提高产量，与宁静等[14]和Zou等[15]结果基本一致。物候期的观测结果亦说明打顶封园处理茶树的一芽一叶期较对照处理早4 d，推测植物激素的差异是主要因素。
不同时期的植物激素测定结果表明，秋季打顶处理与不打顶处理对春茶新梢萌发过程中内源激素影响最显著的是生长素与细胞分裂素，3个时期打顶处理的IAA-Ala、tZ和DHZR含量均极显著高于对照，IAA含量在T1和T2时期也极显著高于对照。生长素相关基因CsIAA16和CsIAA26以及细胞分裂素相关基因CsARR5和CsARR6的相对表达水平与生长素、细胞分裂素含量一致，打顶封园处理高于不打顶处理，表明秋季打顶有利于促进春季茶树新梢内源激素生长素与细胞分裂素的积累进而促进新梢提前萌发，与Zou等[15]的研究结果一致，IAA在调控茶树侧芽的生长方面起了重要作用。
氨基酸组分是茶树品质最重要的指标之一，茶氨酸是茶树氨基酸组分中占比最大的氨基酸[16-19]，谷氨酸是茶氨酸合成的前体物质，本研究发现与对照比较，打顶封园处理的一芽一叶游离氨基酸含量显著增加，茶氨酸占比最高，谷氨酸其次，对照和打顶处理的茶氨酸含量占比分别高达66.02%和68.02%，与Juneja等[20]研究结果一致。茶氨酸和谷氨酸基因的相对表达水平在T3时期显著增加，氮代谢关键酶GS和GOGAT活性显著增强，这是由于茶树茶氨酸冬季及茶树新梢休眠期间主要在茶树的根部合成，待茶树芽头萌发时再从根部转运至新梢[21-23]，茶树从芽头生长到一芽一叶这段时间茶树从根部运输到新梢的茶氨酸显著增加，氮代谢关键酶GS和GOGAT活性显著增强，GS基因调控茶氨酸的合成。植物激素与氨基酸组分相关性分析结果显示T3时期的茶氨酸、天冬氨酸含量与IAA-Ala含量显著正相关。茶氨酸含量与IAA、tZ和DHZR含量正相关。
4 结论
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茶树秋季打顶封园处理能促进春季新梢萌发与生长，增强氮代谢，提高春茶产量，生长素与细胞分裂素的累积早于不打顶处理，生长素在调控茶树侧芽萌发与生长中起重要作用，累积一定量的生长素有利于茶叶主要品质成分游离氨基酸特别是茶氨酸含量的提高，茶氨酸含量、天冬氨酸含量与IAA-Ala含量显著正相关。因此，可以采取提高IAA-Ala含量的农艺措施来提高茶氨酸与天冬氨酸的含量，提升茶叶品质。
基金
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  • 中央基层农技推广体系改革与建设资金项目(湘财农指[2024]24号)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2024JJ5215)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30317)
  • 长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2208086)
文献
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2026年第42卷第2期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.023
  • 接收时间：2025-01-21
  • 首发时间：2026-04-30
  • 出版时间：2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-21
  • 修回日期：2025-02-15
基金
中央基层农技推广体系改革与建设资金项目(湘财农指[2024]24号)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2024JJ5215)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30317)
长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2208086)
作者信息
    1湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所， 410125， 湖南长沙
    2保靖县茶叶产业开发办公室， 416599， 湖南保靖

通讯作者:

李维，主要从事茶树生态栽培研究，E-mail：；
李健权为共同通信作者，主要从事茶树育种与栽培研究，E-mail：
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwzz/CN/10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.023
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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