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Article(id=1256536360484258208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256536349243523385, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734624000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-20, revisedDate=1743091200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777511213656, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777511213656, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777511213656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777511213656, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256536349243523385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1777511210976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777511532015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256537695891874281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256536349243523385, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256537695891874282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256536349243523385, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=253, endPage=258, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256536362669490619, articleId=1256536360484258208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Screening and Efficacy Verification of Quinoa Seed Pelleting Formulations, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the sowing quality of quinoa and increase the field emergence and seedling retention rates, the optimal pelleting coating formula for quinoa was screened. Using Longli 1 and Longli 5 as materials, various pelleting formulas were developed using different filling materials and different addition amounts of binders. The optimal formula was identified by evaluating the pelleting and germination indexes of pelleted quinoa seeds under different formulations. Furthermore, the agronomic and yield traits of quinoa sown with the optimal formula were measured in field trials. The results showed that the optimal formula consisted of 80% talcum powder and 20% bentonite as filling materials, with the addition of 2.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. For this formula, the average germination rate was 91.33%, the average germination potential was 86.00%, and the physicochemical properties of the pelleted seeds were optimal (seed rate 97.33%, single seed rate 95.00%, disintegration rate 93.33%, compressive strength 317.28 g, and 1000-grain weight 14.27 g). Field production trials indicated that this formula had no significant effect on the agronomic traits of quinoa, but it could promote germination and enhance yield. The quinoa seed pelleting formula screened in this study meets all quality indicators and contains green and safe ingredients. It can regularize seed shape, effectively promote seed germination and yield improvement, and provide a theoretical basis for the research and application of quinoa seed pelleting as well as mechanized precision sowing.

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为改善藜麦播种质量，提升田间出苗率与保苗率，筛选最适用于藜麦的丸粒化包衣配方，以陇藜1号和陇藜5号为材料，采用不同填充料与不同添加量的粘合剂组成多种丸粒化配方，通过检测不同配方下藜麦丸粒化种子的丸粒化指标与发芽指标筛选出最优配方，并测定采用最优配方播种的藜麦在大田中的农艺性状与产量性状表现。结果表明，最优配方为填充料采用滑石粉80%和膨润土20%，并添加2.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠，其平均发芽率为91.33%，平均发芽势为86.00%，丸粒化种子理化性质最优（有籽率97.33%、单籽率95.00%、崩解率93.33%、抗压强度317.28 g和千粒重14.27 g）。大田生产试验表明，此配方对藜麦农艺性状无显著影响，但可促进藜麦萌发并提升产量。本研究筛选出的藜麦种子丸粒化配方各项指标合格，成分绿色安全，能使藜麦种子形状规则化，有效促进种子萌发与产量提升，可为藜麦种子丸粒化研究与应用以及机械化精量播种提供理论依据。

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杨发荣，研究方向为藜麦种植应用推广，E-mail：
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拜伟俊，研究方向为藜麦种子丸粒化，E-mail：

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拜伟俊，研究方向为藜麦种子丸粒化，E-mail：

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拜伟俊，研究方向为藜麦种子丸粒化，E-mail：

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34(8):1601-1610., articleTitle=先锋植物类芦抗逆性及其应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256536478692327816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=39, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=陈红刚, 杜弢, 王晶, journalName=中兽医医药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈红刚, 杜弢, 王晶, 等. 丸粒化处理对党参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 中兽医医药杂志, 2017, 36(4):39-41., articleTitle=丸粒化处理对党参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256536479237587343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=10, pageStart=75, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=王文舒, 武志博, 刘宏义, journalName=安徽农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王文舒, 武志博, 刘宏义, 等. 花棒种子成苗降雨量及丸粒化技术研究. 安徽农业科学, 2022, 50(10):75-78., articleTitle=花棒种子成苗降雨量及丸粒化技术研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256536463232123085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, awardId=2020GAAS31, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划“藜麦种子丸粒化技术研究与应用”(2020GAAS31), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256536382823121486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256536382873453135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, companyId=1256536382823121486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256536382894424656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, companyId=1256536382823121486, language=CN, country=null, 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256536441404964918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different filling materials on the seed-wrapping effect of quinoa pelleted seeds, figureFileSmall=Hg1NbHmHhangiFQ2uZU/pw==, figureFileBig=QeKR15HrI2i09PjWdwJ+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536442763919423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同填充材料对藜麦丸粒化种子包籽效果的影响, figureFileSmall=Hg1NbHmHhangiFQ2uZU/pw==, figureFileBig=QeKR15HrI2i09PjWdwJ+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536446849171536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of seed pelleting on yield of quinoa

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

, figureFileSmall=NT9QP3XrTDJOSYTR2TZVGg==, figureFileBig=x/lo9cSdMkl+8tUiiWmJiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536447461539932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=图2, caption=种子丸粒化对藜麦产量的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。

, figureFileSmall=NT9QP3XrTDJOSYTR2TZVGg==, figureFileBig=x/lo9cSdMkl+8tUiiWmJiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256536448287817826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Different filler ratios of quinoa pelleted seeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 滑石粉
Talc
powder		 膨润土
Bentonite		 凹凸棒
Concave-
convex rod		 高岭土
Kaolin		 种粉比
Seed powder
ratio
F1 50% 50% － － 1:3
F2 65% 35% － － 1:3
F3 80% 20% － － 1:3
F4 50% － 50% － 1:3
F5 65% － 35% － 1:3
F6 80% － 20% － 1:3
F7 50% － － 50% 1:3
F8 65% － － 35% 1:3
F9 80% － － 20% 1:3
CK － － － － －
), ArticleFig(id=1256536450452078698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

藜麦丸粒化种子不同的填充材料配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 滑石粉
Talc
powder		 膨润土
Bentonite		 凹凸棒
Concave-
convex rod		 高岭土
Kaolin		 种粉比
Seed powder
ratio
F1 50% 50% － － 1:3
F2 65% 35% － － 1:3
F3 80% 20% － － 1:3
F4 50% － 50% － 1:3
F5 65% － 35% － 1:3
F6 80% － 20% － 1:3
F7 50% － － 50% 1:3
F8 65% － － 35% 1:3
F9 80% － － 20% 1:3
CK － － － － －
), ArticleFig(id=1256536451202859124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different filling materials on germination indexes of quinoa pelleted seeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 发芽率
Germination rate		 发芽势
Germination potential
F1 66.33±2.31c 55.00±1.73c
F2 70.3±5.86bc 56.22±1.07c
F3 86.00±1.00a 70.00±1.00b
F4 74.66±2.08b 54.56±3.95c
F5 85.00±2.64a 69.67±1.53b
F6 42.00±3.60d 40.44±2.69d
F7 85.33±1.15a 69.11±4.16b
F8 66.11±3.47c 58.67±2.31c
F9 43.66±3.51d 42.67±2.52d
CK 90.00±1.00a 76.00±2.64a
), ArticleFig(id=1256536451982999675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同填充材料对藜麦丸粒化种子发芽指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 发芽率
Germination rate		 发芽势
Germination potential
F1 66.33±2.31c 55.00±1.73c
F2 70.3±5.86bc 56.22±1.07c
F3 86.00±1.00a 70.00±1.00b
F4 74.66±2.08b 54.56±3.95c
F5 85.00±2.64a 69.67±1.53b
F6 42.00±3.60d 40.44±2.69d
F7 85.33±1.15a 69.11±4.16b
F8 66.11±3.47c 58.67±2.31c
F9 43.66±3.51d 42.67±2.52d
CK 90.00±1.00a 76.00±2.64a
), ArticleFig(id=1256536452838637700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different filling materials on the physical and chemical properties of quinoa pelleted seeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 有籽率
Seed rate (%)		 单籽率
Single seed rate (%)		 崩解率
Disintegration rate (%)		 抗压强度
Compressive strength (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
F1 89.33±1.53c 89.33±1.15e 96.74±2.31cd 353.73±0.81c 14.62±0.35ab
F2 89.33±1.15c 92.67±1.15bcd 96.67±1.15abc 336.98±1.00e 14.42±0.35ab
F3 98.33±1.15a 97.33±1.15a 96.68±1.15a 318.33±1.20f 14.33±0.51ab
F4 94.67±2.08b 85.33±3.06f 96.69±1.15de 248.47±1.24g 13.45±0.39b
F5 98.33±1.15a 90.00±2.00de 96.70±1.15bc 216.68±1.21h 14.12±0.42ab
F6 94.00±1.73b 91.33±1.15cde 96.71±1.15bc 206.65±1.42i 13.86±0.31ab
F7 98.33±0.58a 95.34±1.15ab 96.72±1.15ab 342.46±1.30c 14.83±0.47a
F8 98.33±1.15a 95.34±1.15bc 96.73±1.15cd 362.54±1.61b 14.54±0.21ab
F9 98.00±1.00a 95.34±2.31ab 91.33±1.15e 384.59±1.61a 14.54±0.24ab
), ArticleFig(id=1256536453992071308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同填充材料对藜麦丸粒化种子理化性质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 有籽率
Seed rate (%)		 单籽率
Single seed rate (%)		 崩解率
Disintegration rate (%)		 抗压强度
Compressive strength (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
F1 89.33±1.53c 89.33±1.15e 96.74±2.31cd 353.73±0.81c 14.62±0.35ab
F2 89.33±1.15c 92.67±1.15bcd 96.67±1.15abc 336.98±1.00e 14.42±0.35ab
F3 98.33±1.15a 97.33±1.15a 96.68±1.15a 318.33±1.20f 14.33±0.51ab
F4 94.67±2.08b 85.33±3.06f 96.69±1.15de 248.47±1.24g 13.45±0.39b
F5 98.33±1.15a 90.00±2.00de 96.70±1.15bc 216.68±1.21h 14.12±0.42ab
F6 94.00±1.73b 91.33±1.15cde 96.71±1.15bc 206.65±1.42i 13.86±0.31ab
F7 98.33±0.58a 95.34±1.15ab 96.72±1.15ab 342.46±1.30c 14.83±0.47a
F8 98.33±1.15a 95.34±1.15bc 96.73±1.15cd 362.54±1.61b 14.54±0.21ab
F9 98.00±1.00a 95.34±2.31ab 91.33±1.15e 384.59±1.61a 14.54±0.24ab
), ArticleFig(id=1256536455288111248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different binder contents on seed germination of quinoa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 发芽率
Germination rate		 发芽势
Germination potential
CK 92.00±1.00a 86.67±0.58a
N1 78.00±1.73c 74.67±0.58e
N2 88.33±0.58b 81.67±0.58d
N3 87.67±1.15b 84.67±0.58bc
N4 91.33±1.15a 86.00±1.00ab
N5 88.67±0.58b 83.33±1.15c
), ArticleFig(id=1256536456181498006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同粘合剂含量对藜麦种子萌发的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 发芽率
Germination rate		 发芽势
Germination potential
CK 92.00±1.00a 86.67±0.58a
N1 78.00±1.73c 74.67±0.58e
N2 88.33±0.58b 81.67±0.58d
N3 87.67±1.15b 84.67±0.58bc
N4 91.33±1.15a 86.00±1.00ab
N5 88.67±0.58b 83.33±1.15c
), ArticleFig(id=1256536457343320221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of different binder content on the quality index of quinoa pelleted seeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 有籽率
Seed rate (%)		 单籽率
Single seed rate (%)		 崩解率
Disintegration rate (%)		 抗压强度
Compressive strength (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
N1 93.67±0.58cd 98.33±0.58a 100.00±0.00a 193.34±1.20e 13.42±0.78b
N2 94.67±0.58c 96.67±0.58b 99.67±0.58a 200.43±1.05d 13.45±1.43b
N3 99.33±1.15a 96.33±0.98bc 98.33±0.58a 259.19±1.95c 13.85±1.35b
N4 97.33±0.58b 95.00±1.00c 93.33±1.15b 317.28±1.78b 14.27±1.33a
N5 93.00±1.00d 91.33±1.15d 92.22±2.00b 356.73±1.56a 14.52±1.52a
), ArticleFig(id=1256536459666964651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同粘合剂含量对藜麦丸粒化种子质量指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 有籽率
Seed rate (%)		 单籽率
Single seed rate (%)		 崩解率
Disintegration rate (%)		 抗压强度
Compressive strength (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
N1 93.67±0.58cd 98.33±0.58a 100.00±0.00a 193.34±1.20e 13.42±0.78b
N2 94.67±0.58c 96.67±0.58b 99.67±0.58a 200.43±1.05d 13.45±1.43b
N3 99.33±1.15a 96.33±0.98bc 98.33±0.58a 259.19±1.95c 13.85±1.35b
N4 97.33±0.58b 95.00±1.00c 93.33±1.15b 317.28±1.78b 14.27±1.33a
N5 93.00±1.00d 91.33±1.15d 92.22±2.00b 356.73±1.56a 14.52±1.52a
), ArticleFig(id=1256536460270944435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of seed pelleting on agronomic traits of quinoa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 主穗长
Main panicle length (cm)		 主穗宽
Main panicle width (cm)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
陇藜1号
Longli 1		 CK 141.00±3.00a 14.62±0.71a 25.33±1.12ab 9.03±1.52ab 3.29±0.12a
F3 142.67±3.11a 15.57±0.86a 27.33±2.08a 9.57±2.08a 3.27±0.16a
F7 139.00±2.00a 14.09±0.75a 23.66±1.52b 8.10±1.52b 3.25±0.12a
陇藜5号
Longli 5		 CK 127.33±3.51a 10.76±0.46a 22.67±2.51ab 4.33±1.52ab 2.92±0.34a
F3 124.67±3.51a 10.17±0.37a 23.67±1.52a 4.60±1.52a 2.88±0.25a
F7 124.00±2.65a 9.80±0.64a 20.33±1.52b 4.03±2.51b 2.90±0.27a
), ArticleFig(id=1256536461113999544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256536360484258208, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

种子丸粒化对藜麦农艺性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 主穗长
Main panicle length (cm)		 主穗宽
Main panicle width (cm)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
陇藜1号
Longli 1		 CK 141.00±3.00a 14.62±0.71a 25.33±1.12ab 9.03±1.52ab 3.29±0.12a
F3 142.67±3.11a 15.57±0.86a 27.33±2.08a 9.57±2.08a 3.27±0.16a
F7 139.00±2.00a 14.09±0.75a 23.66±1.52b 8.10±1.52b 3.25±0.12a
陇藜5号
Longli 5		 CK 127.33±3.51a 10.76±0.46a 22.67±2.51ab 4.33±1.52ab 2.92±0.34a
F3 124.67±3.51a 10.17±0.37a 23.67±1.52a 4.60±1.52a 2.88±0.25a
F7 124.00±2.65a 9.80±0.64a 20.33±1.52b 4.03±2.51b 2.90±0.27a
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藜麦种子丸粒化配方的筛选及效果验证
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拜伟俊 1 , 黄杰 2 , 魏玉明 2 , 刘文瑜 2 , 柴继宽 1 , 杨发荣 1, 2 , 李小雨 1
作物杂志 | 种子科技 2026,42(2): 253-258
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作物杂志 | 种子科技 2026, 42(2): 253-258
藜麦种子丸粒化配方的筛选及效果验证
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拜伟俊1 , 黄杰2, 魏玉明2, 刘文瑜2, 柴继宽1, 杨发荣1, 2 , 李小雨1
作者信息
  • 1甘肃农业大学草业学院， 730070， 甘肃兰州
  • 2甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所， 730070， 甘肃兰州

    • 拜伟俊，研究方向为藜麦种子丸粒化，E-mail：

通讯作者:

杨发荣，研究方向为藜麦种植应用推广，E-mail：
Screening and Efficacy Verification of Quinoa Seed Pelleting Formulations
Weijun Bai1 , Jie Huang2, Yuming Wei2, Wenyu Liu2, Jikuan Chai1, Farong Yang1, 2 , Xiaoyu Li1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • 2Institute of Pasture and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.032
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摘要
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为改善藜麦播种质量，提升田间出苗率与保苗率，筛选最适用于藜麦的丸粒化包衣配方，以陇藜1号和陇藜5号为材料，采用不同填充料与不同添加量的粘合剂组成多种丸粒化配方，通过检测不同配方下藜麦丸粒化种子的丸粒化指标与发芽指标筛选出最优配方，并测定采用最优配方播种的藜麦在大田中的农艺性状与产量性状表现。结果表明，最优配方为填充料采用滑石粉80%和膨润土20%，并添加2.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠，其平均发芽率为91.33%，平均发芽势为86.00%，丸粒化种子理化性质最优（有籽率97.33%、单籽率95.00%、崩解率93.33%、抗压强度317.28 g和千粒重14.27 g）。大田生产试验表明，此配方对藜麦农艺性状无显著影响，但可促进藜麦萌发并提升产量。本研究筛选出的藜麦种子丸粒化配方各项指标合格，成分绿色安全，能使藜麦种子形状规则化，有效促进种子萌发与产量提升，可为藜麦种子丸粒化研究与应用以及机械化精量播种提供理论依据。

藜麦  /  种子包衣  /  丸粒化  /  种子萌发  /  配方筛选

To improve the sowing quality of quinoa and increase the field emergence and seedling retention rates, the optimal pelleting coating formula for quinoa was screened. Using Longli 1 and Longli 5 as materials, various pelleting formulas were developed using different filling materials and different addition amounts of binders. The optimal formula was identified by evaluating the pelleting and germination indexes of pelleted quinoa seeds under different formulations. Furthermore, the agronomic and yield traits of quinoa sown with the optimal formula were measured in field trials. The results showed that the optimal formula consisted of 80% talcum powder and 20% bentonite as filling materials, with the addition of 2.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. For this formula, the average germination rate was 91.33%, the average germination potential was 86.00%, and the physicochemical properties of the pelleted seeds were optimal (seed rate 97.33%, single seed rate 95.00%, disintegration rate 93.33%, compressive strength 317.28 g, and 1000-grain weight 14.27 g). Field production trials indicated that this formula had no significant effect on the agronomic traits of quinoa, but it could promote germination and enhance yield. The quinoa seed pelleting formula screened in this study meets all quality indicators and contains green and safe ingredients. It can regularize seed shape, effectively promote seed germination and yield improvement, and provide a theoretical basis for the research and application of quinoa seed pelleting as well as mechanized precision sowing.

Quinoa  /  Seed coating  /  Pelleting  /  Seed germination  /  Formula screening
拜伟俊, 黄杰, 魏玉明, 刘文瑜, 柴继宽, 杨发荣, 李小雨. 藜麦种子丸粒化配方的筛选及效果验证. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (2) : 253 -258 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.032
Weijun Bai, Jie Huang, Yuming Wei, Wenyu Liu, Jikuan Chai, Farong Yang, Xiaoyu Li. Screening and Efficacy Verification of Quinoa Seed Pelleting Formulations[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (2) : 253 -258 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.032
正文
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藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）属苋科藜亚科藜属，又名南美藜，是一种环境适应能力极强的作物，亦称假谷类作物[1]。其原产于南美洲安第斯山脉周边的高海拔区域，拥有超7000年的栽培历史，曾是古印第安人的主要粮食，素有“粮食之母”之称[2-3]。藜麦是唯一一种能提供全面必需氨基酸、微量元素及维生素的全营养作物[4-5]，其种子不含麸质蛋白，适合乳糜泻患者食用[6]。藜麦种子中的碳水化合物以淀粉为主，且富含抗性淀粉[7]，这一特性使其具备出色的营养平衡性与代谢调节功能。
藜麦种子体积较小，直径1.5~2.0 mm，千粒重1.4~3.0 g[1]，导致其存在播种困难、资源损耗大和劳动成本高等问题[8]。藜麦种子粒径细小且形态扁平，实际播种时易受风力影响，导致分布不均；常规播种设备难以精准控制播种深度，常出现覆土过深或种子裸露地表的情况，显著降低了出苗整齐度。此外，藜麦幼苗期对土壤环境敏感，播后遇雨易形成地表板结层，阻碍幼芽顶土，造成缺苗断垄；苗期生长势较弱，与灰藜等伴生杂草竞争能力差，加之现有化学除草体系对阔叶杂草防控存在选择性局限，导致人工除草成本居高不下[9-10]。种子丸粒化是一种种子处理技术，通过将辅料粘附于种子表面，增大种子体积并使其形状更规则[11]，从而便于机械化精量播种。目前，种子丸粒化技术已在烟草[12]、牧草[13]和蔬菜[14]等领域广泛应用，在提升机械化应用水平、提高种子播种效率及降低生产成本等方面成效显著。本研究将丸粒化技术应用于藜麦种子，可实现机械化精量播种，改变种子大小和体积，确保苗全苗壮，同时增加产量、节省用种量且减少人工间苗次数，进而降低劳动成本。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 试验地概况
试验于甘肃省中部西南面和中部西北面的临夏回族自治州东乡县红崖村藜麦育种基地（35°35′10″ N，103°26′18″ E）进行，海拔2283 m，年均气温7.8~17.2 ℃，年均降水量352.4±42.7 mm，年均日照时数2416±156 h，平均无霜期138±11 d。
1.2 试验材料
供试包衣材料为滑石粉（1200目）、膨润土（400目）、凹凸棒（800目）、高岭土（2000目）和羧甲基纤维素钠（FVH9粘度700 mPa·s）；供试藜麦种子为陇藜1号和陇藜5号，由甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所提供；试验采用HR- 325型种子丸粒机（湖南衡东辉远科技有限公司）。
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 藜麦种子丸粒化填充材料配比筛选
如表1所示，将滑石粉、膨润土、凹凸棒粉和高岭土按不同比例混合，得到9种丸粒化填充材料（F1~F9），以裸种为对照（CK），将所得填充材料充分搅拌均匀后置于丸粒机下粉口。每个配方取200 g大小相近且籽粒饱满的藜麦种子，去除杂质后置于丸粒机中，调整转速为420转/min，藜麦种子随着锅底开始转动后，打开水泵调整下水速度为60 g/min；当种子表面微微湿润，用手轻轻捏住可成团，松手可散开的状态时，调整下粉速度为36转/min后开始下粉；在藜麦种子逐渐裹上粉层后，再调整转速为500转/min，下水速度为90 g/min，下粉速度为42转/min，等待所有的填充粉料添加完毕。藜麦种子包衣造粒完成后，放入烘干机于40 ℃干燥20 min。每个处理重复3次。
1.3.2 藜麦种子丸粒化粘合剂浓度筛选
在筛选到适用于藜麦的丸粒化填充材料的基础上，使用5个浓度的羧甲基纤维素钠N1（1.0%）、N2（1.5%）、N3（2.0%）、N4（2.5%）和N5（3.0%），裸种为对照（CK），制备藜麦丸粒化种子。
1.3.3 田间试验
在筛选出最优的丸粒化配方后，进行田间试验，进一步验证丸粒化配方的可行性，用筛选出的配方分别对陇藜1号和陇藜5号做包衣处理。试验采用随机区组设计，每个处理设3个重复，小区面积12 m2（3 m×4 m），小区间距1.5 m，区组间距1.0 m。株距25 cm，行距30 cm，每穴播种2~3粒种子。在成熟期测定其农艺性状和产量性状。
1.4 测定项目与方法
1.4.1 丸粒化种子萌发指标
将藜麦种子置于培养皿发芽，在培养皿中铺上2层湿润的滤纸，每个培养皿放置100粒种子，进行3次重复，光周期为24 h光照、24 h黑暗，光照强度3000 lx。测定并计算发芽率和发芽势：发芽率（%）=7 d发芽种子数/供试种子数×100；发芽势（%）=4 d发芽种子数/供试种子数×100。
1.4.2 丸粒化种子物理性状
随机取100颗丸粒化种子，逐个剥开丸衣，记录其中含有藜麦种子的丸粒数量，计算有籽率：有籽率（%）=（有籽种子数量/供试种子数量）×100，重复3次。称取丸粒化处理的藜麦种子10 g，挑选出结团藜麦种子，称量去除结团种子后的藜麦种子重量，计算单籽率：单籽率（%）=[（供试种子数量-结团数量）/供试种子数量]×100，重复3次。随机取丸粒化种子100粒，整齐置于直径为9 cm培养皿的滤纸上，沿培养皿壁缓慢加入5 mL自来水，观测1 min内丸粒化种子的崩解情况，粉层脱落视为崩解，计算崩解率：崩解率（%）=（1 min内崩解数量/供试种子数量）×100，重复4次。
准备2块大小、厚度相同的玻璃板，用记号笔在2块玻璃板中央画出相同的等边三角形，将同样大小的3粒丸粒化种子摆在等边三角形的3个角上，另一个玻璃板盖上并与三角形重合，以便种子受力均匀。在玻璃板上放容量2000 mL的烧杯，在烧杯中缓慢加入细沙，观察丸粒化种子破裂时承受的重量，称量记录下丸粒化种子破裂时的重量，重复3次，计算单粒抗压强度：单粒抗压强度=种子承受重量/3。
1.4.3 农艺性状与产量
参照《藜麦种质资源描述规范和数据标准》[15]调查农艺性状。于藜麦成熟期在每小区随机选取3株测定其株高、主穗长、茎粗和主穗宽，收获后及时晾晒、脱粒并去壳，待种子风干后测定千粒重、单株粒重和产量，将每小区籽粒分开收获、脱粒并晒干扬净，进行称重，重复3次，最后折算为单位面积产量；随机取1000粒成熟种子称重，测定千粒重，重复3次。
1.5 数据处理
使用Microsoft Excel 2010分析数据，使用SPSS 27.0进行统计分析，采用邓肯多重比较进行显著性分析，数据用平均数±标准误表示。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 藜麦种子丸粒化填充材料配比筛选
不同填充材料的丸粒化种子与裸种相比，经丸粒化后的种子外观均发生了较大的变化，外形更规则，并在不同程度上趋向于球型，但由不同填充材料制得的丸粒化种子外观上仍存在着一定的差异（图1）。
不同的丸粒化配方对藜麦种子的发芽率影响不同（表2），经过丸化处理的种子发芽率均低于CK处理，其中F3、F5和F7与CK处理差异不显著，分别比CK处理（90.00%）低4.00、5.00和4.67个百分点，其他处理均显著低于CK处理，其中F6处理发芽率最低，为42.00%。
如表3所示，不同填充材料制备的丸粒化种子有籽率在89.33%~98.33%，F3、F5、F7、F8和F9处理的单籽率在95%以上，而F1和F2处理低于90%。不同处理的丸粒化种子崩解率差异不大，F9处理崩解率最低（91.33%）。抗压强度随着膨润土的减少而降低（F1>F2>F3），随着凹凸棒粉的增加而增强（F4>F5>F6），随着高岭土的减少而增加（F7<F8<F9），抗压强度均大于种子丸粒化质量标准（150 g）[16]。综合分析藜麦种子丸粒化对种子加工效果（有籽率、单籽率、崩解率、抗压强度和千粒重）、发芽率和发芽势的影响，F3（滑石粉80%，膨润土20%）和F7（滑石粉50%，高岭土50%）配方适合藜麦种子丸粒化加工应用。
2.2 藜麦种子丸粒化粘合剂浓度筛选
用F3处理的填充材料配比，分别用不同含量的羧甲基纤维素钠制备藜麦丸粒化种子，结果（表4）显示，不同处理的发芽率和发芽势具有显著差异。在发芽率方面，N4与CK处理无显著差异，其次是N2、N3和N5处理。除N4处理的发芽势与CK处理无显著差异外，其他处理均显著低于CK处理。由表5可知，有籽率在N3和N4处理下达到最高，丸粒化种子的单籽率和崩解率随着羧甲基纤维素钠添加量的增加而降低，抗压强度随羧甲基纤维素钠添加量的增加而增加，羧甲基纤维素钠添加量在1.5%以下（N1和N2处理）的丸粒化种子抗压强度过低，在运输和播种过程中容易出现粉层脱落的情况，千粒重随着羧甲基纤维素钠含量的增加而增加。综合丸粒化种子单籽率、崩解率、抗压强度、发芽率和发芽势等指标分析，在藜麦种子丸粒化中，以滑石粉和膨润土为填充材料时，羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为2.5%（N4处理）最佳。
2.3 丸粒化配方对藜麦农艺性状和产量性状的影响
由表6可知，填充材料配方F3和F7处理对陇藜1号的株高和茎粗无显著影响。陇藜1号F3处理的株高和茎粗高于CK和F7处理，陇藜5号的株高和茎粗表现为CK>F3>F7。对于主穗长和主穗宽，则表现为F3>CK>F7，F3和CK处理无显著差异。千粒重方面2个品种均无显著性差异。由图2可知，陇藜1号和陇藜5号在经过F3丸粒化处理之后，单株产量和产量高于CK和F7处理，差异显著，而经过F7丸粒化处理之后则与CK处理无显著差异。说明经F3丸粒化处理的藜麦种子，在实际的田间种植过程中增产效果明显。
3 讨论
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种子丸粒化是解决小粒种子机械化精量播种难题的有效措施，研究丸粒化技术对藜麦出苗和苗期的生长有促进意义[17]。填充材料是种子丸粒化的必要材料，通过包裹种子使其形成大小均匀的球形结构。姚东伟等[18]在桔梗种子丸粒化研究中发现，单一填充材料（海藻土）虽能维持较高的种子活力，但硬度和裂解性能较差，而混合材料可兼顾出苗率与种子理化性质，表明混合材料能综合不同组分优势，实现丸粒化目标。种子丸粒化处理最基本的要求是对种子无不良影响。本试验发现，随着膨润土含量降低，丸粒化种子外观更趋圆滑。膨润土主要成分为蒙脱石，具有强吸水膨胀性，在丸粒化配方中可发挥粘结与保水作用，但膨润土流动性较差，当其含量超过30%时，易导致丸粒表面不规则和填充材料粘附设备等问题，这与李睿等[19]对冰草种子丸粒化的研究结果一致。种子发芽率是评估种子质量的重要指标之一，随着膨润土用量的增加，丸粒化种子抗压强度提升，但发芽率呈下降趋势。这是由于膨润土遇水后使片层间隙增大、发生溶胀，干燥后粘结紧密成一个整体，虽增强了抗压强度，却阻碍了种子萌发，这与马英剑等[20]在大葱种子丸粒化的研究结果相符。此外，凹凸棒粉虽具有一定粘性，但过量添加会导致单籽率和崩解率降低。崔红艳等[21]以活性剂与凹凸棒土为填充材料丸粒化胡麻种子，提高了出苗率和种子活力，与本研究中凹凸棒粉制备的藜麦丸粒化种子发芽率表现不同，可能是由于凹凸棒粉不适用于藜麦，或其与滑石粉混合后阻碍了藜麦种子萌发过程中的吸水与呼吸作用。本试验通过筛选藜麦种子丸粒化配方，发现80%滑石粉和20%膨润土的组合在发芽指标及丸粒化种子理化性质方面均优于其他配方，为藜麦种子丸粒化的最优配方。
在种子丸粒化过程中，粘合剂的主要作用是促进种子与粉层间的粘结，确保填充粉料能有效附着于种子表面。若羧甲基纤维素钠浓度过低，其粘结效果不佳，种子表层难以充分沾粉；而浓度过高则可能抑制种子萌发。本研究中粘合剂筛选试验表明，随着羧甲基纤维素钠浓度升高，丸粒化种子的单籽率与裂解率均明显降低。这可能是由于高浓度粘合剂降低了粉料流动性，导致单籽率下降；同时，粘合剂增强了丸粒化种子的硬度，进而降低了裂解率，与王琼等[22]在唐古特大黄种子丸粒化研究中的发现一致。综合分析丸粒化种子的单籽率、崩解率、抗压强度、发芽率及发芽势等关键指标，本研究确定当以滑石粉与膨润土为填充材料时，羧甲基纤维素钠的最适添加量为2.5%。
种子丸粒化最重要的是确保不损害作物原有的农艺性状及产量性状。武高林等[23]研究表明种子大小对幼苗存活具有显著影响，相较于小种子，大种子培育的幼苗展现出更强的存活与竞争能力。种子经丸粒化处理后，体积与质量增加，表面形成保护层，厚度提升，从而增强了幼苗的抗逆性[24]。特别是在较为干旱的东乡地区，膨润土是以蒙脱石为主要成分的2:1型层状黏土矿物（由2层硅氧四面体夹1层铝氧八面体构成），凭借其优异的吸水保水性能，在播种初期能有效维持种子周围的水分环境，为种子萌发提供稳定的水分供应，保障幼苗健康生长，并在营养阶段积累充足的养分，为后续生殖生长提供物质基础[25-26]。本试验通过大田验证发现，采用F3配方（滑石粉80%和膨润土20%）进行丸粒化处理对藜麦的农艺性状无显著影响，且丸粒化种子展现出较高的保水性能，有效促进了种子萌发与幼苗生长，进而提升藜麦产量。
4 结论
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筛选出适用于藜麦种子丸粒化的最优配方为20%膨润土与80%滑石粉混合作为填充材料，并添加2.5%羧甲基纤维素钠作为粘合剂。相较于其他配方，该组合在丸粒化指标上表现更优，且对藜麦发芽指标无显著负面影响，可有效提高成苗率并增加藜麦产量，具备在藜麦种子丸粒化生产中推广应用的价值。
基金
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  • 甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划“藜麦种子丸粒化技术研究与应用”(2020GAAS31)
文献
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2026年第42卷第2期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.032
  • 接收时间：2024-12-20
  • 首发时间：2026-04-30
  • 出版时间：2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-20
  • 修回日期：2025-03-28
基金
甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划“藜麦种子丸粒化技术研究与应用”(2020GAAS31)
作者信息
    1甘肃农业大学草业学院， 730070， 甘肃兰州
    2甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所， 730070， 甘肃兰州

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杨发荣，研究方向为藜麦种植应用推广，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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