Article(id=1256541060608700458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721577600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-22, revisedDate=1727107200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512334252, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512334252, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512334252, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512334252, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=182, endPage=188, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541064467460159, articleId=1256541060608700458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Physiological Response of Quinoa Seedlings with Drought Resistance to Drought Stress, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the response of drought-resistant quinoa seedlings to drought stress, the strongly drought-resistant quinoa variety Longli No.1 (LL1) and the new breeding line LQ18 were selected as experimental materials. PEG-6000 solution was used to simulate drought environment. Three treatments were set: normal irrigation (CK), mild drought stress (5% PEG-6000), and severe drought stress (20% PEG-6000). We investigated quinoa seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index; seedling plant height, leaf area, root length, aboveground and underground dry weights; soluble protein and proline contents; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities; and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results showed that severe drought stress reduced plant height, leaf area, and aboveground dry weight in both varieties (lines), but increased root length, underground dry weight, and root-shoot ratio. Specifically, the reductions in leaf area and aboveground dry weight, as well as the increases in root length, underground dry weight, and root-shoot ratio were all smaller in LQ18 than in LL1. Under drought stress, the soluble protein content of LL1 gradually decreased, while that of LQ18 first increased and then decreased to a level with no significant difference from CK. Under severe drought stress, the proline content of both varieties (lines) significantly increased, and the proline content of LQ18 was significantly higher than that of LL1. Drought stress influenced the activities of SOD and POD and increased MDA content in both varieties (lines). Under severe stress, the SOD activity of LQ18 decreased slightly, whereas its POD activity increased significantly; furthermore, its MDA content remained significantly lower than that of LL1.

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为研究抗旱性藜麦幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应,选取强抗旱型藜麦品种陇藜1号(LL1)和新育品系LQ18作为试验材料,利用聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)溶液模拟干旱环境,设置正常灌水(CK)、轻度干旱胁迫(5% PEG-6000)和重度干旱胁迫(20% PEG-6000)3个处理,考察了藜麦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,幼苗株高、叶面积和根长,地上及地下部干重,可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,重度干旱胁迫降低了2个品种(系)的株高、叶面积和地上部干重,但提高了根长、地下部干重和根冠比。其中,LQ18的叶面积和地上部干重降幅,以及根长、地下部干重和根冠比增幅均小于LL1。干旱胁迫下LL1的可溶性蛋白含量逐渐降低,但LQ18的可溶性蛋白含量先升高后降低直至与CK无显著差异。重度干旱胁迫下2个品种(系)的脯氨酸含量均显著升高,且LQ18的脯氨酸含量显著高于LL1。干旱胁迫影响了2个品种(系)的SOD、POD活性并提高了MDA含量,重度干旱胁迫下LQ18的SOD活性略有下降,但其POD活性显著提高,且MDA含量显著低于LL1。

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张永清,主要从事植物生理生态、植物营养和土壤学研究,E-mail:
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高艳梅,主要从事藜麦逆境生理调控工作,E-mail:

冯鹏睿为共同第一作者,主要从事植物生理、环境生态工程研究,E-mail:

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articleTitle=花期前后干旱胁迫对复水后夏玉米光合特性与产量的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541124630557302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=94, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=单皓, 罗海婧, 张松, journalName=干旱地区农业研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=单皓, 罗海婧, 张松, . 不同抗旱性小豆根系对干旱―复水的生理生态响应. 干旱地区农业研究, 2023, 41(1):94-100,127., articleTitle=不同抗旱性小豆根系对干旱―复水的生理生态响应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541124731220600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=10, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=刘文瑜, 杨发荣, 谢志军, journalName=干旱地区农业研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘文瑜, 杨发荣, 谢志军, . 不同品种藜麦幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应及耐旱性评价. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(6):10-18., 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Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2022,202:1-16., articleTitle=Heat and drought priming induce tolerance to subsequent heat and drought stress by regulating leaf photosynthesis, root morphology, and antioxidant defense in maize seedlings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541125653967490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=93, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=刘牧野, 郭丽珠, 岳跃森, journalName=草业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘牧野, 郭丽珠, 岳跃森, . 干旱胁迫下不同性别野牛草生理及抗氧化酶基因表达差异. 草业学报, 2023, 32(10):93-103., articleTitle=干旱胁迫下不同性别野牛草生理及抗氧化酶基因表达差异, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541125842711172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=30, issue=12, pageStart=1908, pageEnd=1918, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=李伟成, 盛海燕, 高贵宾, journalName=环境科学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李伟成, 盛海燕, 高贵宾, . 高温干旱对髯毛箬竹的叶和细根的生理生态影响. 环境科学研究, 2017, 30(12):1908-1918., articleTitle=高温干旱对髯毛箬竹的叶和细根的生理生态影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541127491072646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=172, issue=2, pageStart=1321, pageEnd=1335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Ozturk M, Turkyilmaz Unal B, García-Caparrós P, journalName=Physiologia Plantarum, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ozturk M, Turkyilmaz Unal B, García-Caparrós P, et al. 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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below.

, figureFileSmall=1QSOK6J5t28bgN+EmX/aag==, figureFileBig=61itMaTkyajGzqY2U8fPUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541109757555155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=CN, label=图1, caption=干旱胁迫对2个品种(系)藜麦发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响

不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著,下同。

, figureFileSmall=1QSOK6J5t28bgN+EmX/aag==, figureFileBig=61itMaTkyajGzqY2U8fPUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541110508335589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of drought stress on the contents of SP and Pro of two quinoa variety (line) seedlings, figureFileSmall=OArY9uQ/CLiI+cOWuz8hUQ==, figureFileBig=06X2sKtF2FwrCE0t/bCWHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541110969709035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=CN, label=图2, caption=干旱胁迫对2个品种(系)藜麦幼苗SP和Pro含量的影响, figureFileSmall=OArY9uQ/CLiI+cOWuz8hUQ==, figureFileBig=06X2sKtF2FwrCE0t/bCWHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541111334613492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of drought stress on the SOD, POD activities and MDA content of two quinoa variety (line) seedlings, figureFileSmall=Kv0GWW1USzYRelPo4NZnUw==, figureFileBig=bVFvMw9ffjufk46OmUPUOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541111728878075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=CN, label=图3, caption=干旱胁迫对2个品种(系)藜麦幼苗SOD、POD活性及MDA含量的影响, figureFileSmall=Kv0GWW1USzYRelPo4NZnUw==, figureFileBig=bVFvMw9ffjufk46OmUPUOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541111833735677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of drought stress on plant height, leaf area, and root length of two quinoa variety (line)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种(系)
Variety
(line)
处理
Treatment
株高
Plant height
(cm)
叶面积
Leaf area
(cm2)
根长
Root length
(cm)
LL1 CK 13.22±1.02a 22.92±6.04ab 18.64±0.79c
5% PEG-6000 13.40±0.69a 17.26±4.99cd 21.70±1.81b
20% PEG-6000 11.57±0.78b 14.92±3.43d 26.20±1.36a
LQ18 CK 9.41±0.84c 25.13±1.02a 16.49±0.40c
5% PEG-6000 9.27±0.98c 19.69±3.34bc 18.77±0.47c
20% PEG-6000 8.04±0.49d 17.75±2.86cd 22.31±1.86b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541111976342018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

干旱胁迫对2个品种(系)藜麦幼苗株高、叶面积和根长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种(系)
Variety
(line)
处理
Treatment
株高
Plant height
(cm)
叶面积
Leaf area
(cm2)
根长
Root length
(cm)
LL1 CK 13.22±1.02a 22.92±6.04ab 18.64±0.79c
5% PEG-6000 13.40±0.69a 17.26±4.99cd 21.70±1.81b
20% PEG-6000 11.57±0.78b 14.92±3.43d 26.20±1.36a
LQ18 CK 9.41±0.84c 25.13±1.02a 16.49±0.40c
5% PEG-6000 9.27±0.98c 19.69±3.34bc 18.77±0.47c
20% PEG-6000 8.04±0.49d 17.75±2.86cd 22.31±1.86b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541112299303432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of drought stress on the biomass of two quinoa variety (line) seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种(系)
Variety (line)
处理
Treatment
地上部干重
Aboveground dry weight (g)
地下部干重
Underground dry weight (g)
总干重
Total dry weight (g)
根冠比
Root-shoot ratio (%)
LL1 CK 0.23±0.02a 0.016±0.001bc 0.25±0.02a 7.11±0.01d
5% PEG-6000 0.16±0.01ab 0.022±0.004a 0.18±0.00bc 14.50±0.03b
20% PEG-6000 0.14±0.02c 0.026±0.003a 0.16±0.02bc 18.82±0.03a
LQ18 CK 0.16±0.00b 0.016±0.002c 0.18±0.00b 9.72±0.02cd
5% PEG-6000 0.15±0.01ab 0.017±0.002bc 0.17±0.01bc 11.33±0.01bc
20% PEG-6000 0.14±0.01ab 0.021±0.003ab 0.16±0.01c 14.55±0.01b
), ArticleFig(id=1256541112580321807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541060608700458, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

干旱胁迫对2个品种(系)藜麦幼苗生物量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种(系)
Variety (line)
处理
Treatment
地上部干重
Aboveground dry weight (g)
地下部干重
Underground dry weight (g)
总干重
Total dry weight (g)
根冠比
Root-shoot ratio (%)
LL1 CK 0.23±0.02a 0.016±0.001bc 0.25±0.02a 7.11±0.01d
5% PEG-6000 0.16±0.01ab 0.022±0.004a 0.18±0.00bc 14.50±0.03b
20% PEG-6000 0.14±0.02c 0.026±0.003a 0.16±0.02bc 18.82±0.03a
LQ18 CK 0.16±0.00b 0.016±0.002c 0.18±0.00b 9.72±0.02cd
5% PEG-6000 0.15±0.01ab 0.017±0.002bc 0.17±0.01bc 11.33±0.01bc
20% PEG-6000 0.14±0.01ab 0.021±0.003ab 0.16±0.01c 14.55±0.01b
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抗旱性藜麦幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应
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高艳梅 1 , 冯鹏睿 1 , 陈薇薇 1 , 张萌 1 , 张永清 1, 2
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(1): 182-188
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(1): 182-188
抗旱性藜麦幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应
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高艳梅1 , 冯鹏睿1 , 陈薇薇1, 张萌1, 张永清1, 2
作者信息
  • 1山西师范大学生命科学学院,030031,山西太原
  • 2山西师范大学地理科学学院,030031,山西太原
  • 高艳梅,主要从事藜麦逆境生理调控工作,E-mail:

    冯鹏睿为共同第一作者,主要从事植物生理、环境生态工程研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

张永清,主要从事植物生理生态、植物营养和土壤学研究,E-mail:
Physiological Response of Quinoa Seedlings with Drought Resistance to Drought Stress
Yanmei Gao1 , Pengrui Feng1 , Weiwei Chen1, Meng Zhang1, Yongqing Zhang1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • 2College of Geography Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.023
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为研究抗旱性藜麦幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应,选取强抗旱型藜麦品种陇藜1号(LL1)和新育品系LQ18作为试验材料,利用聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)溶液模拟干旱环境,设置正常灌水(CK)、轻度干旱胁迫(5% PEG-6000)和重度干旱胁迫(20% PEG-6000)3个处理,考察了藜麦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,幼苗株高、叶面积和根长,地上及地下部干重,可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,重度干旱胁迫降低了2个品种(系)的株高、叶面积和地上部干重,但提高了根长、地下部干重和根冠比。其中,LQ18的叶面积和地上部干重降幅,以及根长、地下部干重和根冠比增幅均小于LL1。干旱胁迫下LL1的可溶性蛋白含量逐渐降低,但LQ18的可溶性蛋白含量先升高后降低直至与CK无显著差异。重度干旱胁迫下2个品种(系)的脯氨酸含量均显著升高,且LQ18的脯氨酸含量显著高于LL1。干旱胁迫影响了2个品种(系)的SOD、POD活性并提高了MDA含量,重度干旱胁迫下LQ18的SOD活性略有下降,但其POD活性显著提高,且MDA含量显著低于LL1。

藜麦  /  干旱胁迫  /  种子萌发  /  幼苗生长  /  生理特性

To investigate the response of drought-resistant quinoa seedlings to drought stress, the strongly drought-resistant quinoa variety Longli No.1 (LL1) and the new breeding line LQ18 were selected as experimental materials. PEG-6000 solution was used to simulate drought environment. Three treatments were set: normal irrigation (CK), mild drought stress (5% PEG-6000), and severe drought stress (20% PEG-6000). We investigated quinoa seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index; seedling plant height, leaf area, root length, aboveground and underground dry weights; soluble protein and proline contents; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities; and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results showed that severe drought stress reduced plant height, leaf area, and aboveground dry weight in both varieties (lines), but increased root length, underground dry weight, and root-shoot ratio. Specifically, the reductions in leaf area and aboveground dry weight, as well as the increases in root length, underground dry weight, and root-shoot ratio were all smaller in LQ18 than in LL1. Under drought stress, the soluble protein content of LL1 gradually decreased, while that of LQ18 first increased and then decreased to a level with no significant difference from CK. Under severe drought stress, the proline content of both varieties (lines) significantly increased, and the proline content of LQ18 was significantly higher than that of LL1. Drought stress influenced the activities of SOD and POD and increased MDA content in both varieties (lines). Under severe stress, the SOD activity of LQ18 decreased slightly, whereas its POD activity increased significantly; furthermore, its MDA content remained significantly lower than that of LL1.

Quinoa  /  Drought stress  /  Seed germination  /  Seedling growth  /  Physiological characteristics
高艳梅, 冯鹏睿, 陈薇薇, 张萌, 张永清. 抗旱性藜麦幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 182 -188 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.023
Yanmei Gao, Pengrui Feng, Weiwei Chen, Meng Zhang, Yongqing Zhang. Physiological Response of Quinoa Seedlings with Drought Resistance to Drought Stress[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 182 -188 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.023
藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)作为一种兼具高营养价值与多重健康效益的作物,近年来在全球农业及食品科学领域受到广泛关注[1]。其籽粒富含不饱和脂肪酸、多种维生素、叶酸以及限制性氨基酸,如甲硫氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸等,可满足人体对必需氨基酸的需求[2]。此外,藜麦展现出极强的环境适应力与抗逆性,能够在寒冷、干旱、低温及盐碱等恶劣条件下生存[3]。我国北方地区约1/3的区域属于干旱区,干旱缺水问题严重制约作物产量的提升[4]。为顺应国家农业发展规划,推进杂粮产业培育,山西省大力发展地方特色农业,鉴于藜麦卓越的营养品质与良好的农业环境适应性,其已成为推动当地作物结构优化、增强农产品有效供给、发展旱地农业以及助力精准扶贫的关键优势作物[4]。然而,当前藜麦生产主要依赖引种,针对其生长习性、发育规律及抗逆机制等方面的研究相对较少,品种优化培育未得到重视,对藜麦各项生理指标的认知也尚不全面。因此,深入探究藜麦的生理过程,对于选育优质、高产且抗逆性强的藜麦新品种具有重要意义。
藜麦可通过多种形态结构与生理途径适应干旱胁迫[5]。根系作为植物与土壤进行水分及营养物质交换的关键器官,在抵御干旱导致的水分散失方面发挥着重要作用,在干旱条件下,藜麦植株会形成庞大、分支繁多且深入土壤的根系结构[6]。姚庆等[7]研究表明,藜麦的根长随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐增加。然而,干旱环境也会导致藜麦叶面积减小、叶片萎蔫以及气孔快速关闭[8]。Sun等[9]研究发现,在干旱胁迫下,藜麦通过增加叶片表面富含草酸钙的泡腺体,进而减少蒸腾量,导致地上部生物量降低。在干旱胁迫下,植株体内会积累过量的活性氧(ROS),打破原有的动态平衡,这些积累的ROS会引发膜脂质过氧化反应,破坏植物的正常代谢,严重时甚至导致细胞死亡[10]。为维持正常的代谢功能,植株会增强抗氧化酶系统的活性,如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD),及时清除因逆境而增加的ROS,减轻氧化损伤[11]。Zhu等[12]研究表明,藜麦的SOD和POD活性随着干旱程度的加剧逐渐升高,且抗旱强的品种表现出更高的ROS清除效率。同时,植株还会通过产生有机和无机物质进行渗透调节,包括可溶性糖、脯氨酸、甜菜碱、可溶性蛋白和有机酸等有机小分子物质,以及钙、氯和钾等无机离子,它们能够降低细胞渗透压,提高细胞的保水和吸水能力,从而维持细胞活性,以适应干旱胁迫[13]。朱丽丽等[14]研究发现,在干旱胁迫增强的过程中,与膜脂过氧化相关的丙二醛(MDA)以及与渗透调节相关的脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量均显著升高。鉴于此,本研究采用PEG-6000模拟干旱条件,对2个强抗旱型藜麦品种(系)幼苗的生长状况进行比较分析,并测定了可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量以及抗氧化酶活性等关键生理指标,旨在揭示藜麦幼苗抵御干旱胁迫的内在生理机制,为藜麦育种与干旱栽培技术提供理论依据,推动干旱地区农业的可持续发展。
供试材料为强抗旱型藜麦品种陇藜1号(LL1)和新育品系LQ18,均由甘肃省农业科学院鉴定并提供。采用高渗溶液(PEG-6000)模拟干旱,土壤使用营养土,容器为一次性塑料杯。
选择大小一致、籽粒饱满且无病虫害的藜麦种子,采用10% NaClO溶液消毒15 min,无菌水冲洗3~5次,吸干种子表面水分,放置于直径为11 cm、垫有双层滤纸的一次性培养皿中,每皿100粒。培养皿中分别加入10 mL含5%和20%的PEG-6000溶液,模拟轻度和重度干旱胁迫,对照(CK)加入等量无菌水。每个处理重复5次。将培养皿置于25 ℃的光照培养箱中,前3 d黑暗培养,之后光暗周期16 h/8 h,共培养7 d,每日更换PEG-6000溶液以维持干旱环境的稳定性。每隔4 h记录发芽种子的数量,直到剩余种子不再发芽。
选择大小一致、籽粒饱满且无病虫害的藜麦种子,采用10% NaClO溶液消毒15 min,无菌水冲洗3~5次。在室温约25 ℃的黑暗环境下浸种6 h。之后将种子均匀播种于高9.5 cm的一次性塑料杯中,并将其置于光照培养箱中,光照/黑暗:16 h/8 h,温度设置为25 ℃,每2 d浇1次无菌水。为保证幼苗正常生长,每周浇1次Hoagland营养液。分别在四叶一心和六叶一心时进行第1次和第2次间苗,每杯留苗4株。待幼苗长至八叶一心时进行干旱胁迫,为模拟正常灌水、轻度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫,每盆分别浇含0%(CK)、5%和20% PEG-6000的Hoagland营养液150 mL。每个处理重复5次,胁迫2 d后取样测定。
发芽率(%)=(萌发种子数/供试种子总数)×100;发芽势(%)=(第3天发芽种子数/供试种子总数)×100;发芽指数=∑Gt/t,式中,Gt为发芽种子数,t为对应的萌发天数。
用直尺测量株高;采用Delta-T SCAN根系扫描仪(Delta-T Devices,英国)测定根长;采用ImageJ软件测量叶面积;将样品烘干后称量地上部和地下部的干重;计算根冠比:根冠比(%)=地下部干重/地上部干重×100。
采用NBT显色法[15]测定SOD活性;采用愈创木酚法[16]测定POD活性;采用硫代巴比妥酸法[17]测定MDA含量;采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法[18]测定SP含量;采用茚三酮显色法[19]测定Pro含量。
使用Microsoft Excel 2016进行数据统计和作图,使用SPSS 20.0进行显著性分析(P<0.05)。
随干旱胁迫程度增加,2个藜麦品种(系)的发芽率均呈先升后降趋势(图1a)。轻度干旱胁迫下LL1和LQ18的发芽率与CK相比均无显著差异,但在重度干旱胁迫下,LL1的发芽率显著低于CK,LQ18与CK无显著差异。与CK相比,重度干旱胁迫下LL1的发芽势和发芽指数均显著下降,但不同干旱胁迫下LQ18的发芽势和发芽指数与CK相比均无显著差异(图1b~c)。综上,与CK相比,LL1的3个指标在重度干旱胁迫下均显著下降,而LQ18均无显著变化,说明LQ18抗旱性强于LL1。
重度干旱胁迫下,2个品种(系)的株高和叶面积均显著降低(表1)。与CK相比,重度干旱胁迫下LQ18的株高降幅大于LL1。LL1和LQ18的叶面积在轻度干旱胁迫下分别下降了24.69%和21.65%;在重度干旱胁迫下分别下降了34.90%和29.37%,LL1的降幅大于LQ18。2个品种(系)的根长与干旱胁迫程度成正比,相较于CK,轻度和重度干旱胁迫下LL1的根长分别增加了16.42%和40.56%,LQ18则分别增加了13.83%和35.29%,LL1的增幅大于LQ18。
在干旱胁迫下,2个藜麦品种(系)的地上部干重逐渐减少,而地下部干重则呈增加趋势(表2)。与CK相比,在轻度和重度干旱胁迫下,LL1的地上部干重分别减少了30.43%和39.13%,LQ18则减少了6.25%和12.50%。LL1的地下部干重在轻度和重度干旱胁迫下分别增加了37.50%和62.50%,LQ18则分别增加了6.25%和31.25%。因此,LL1的地上部干重降低幅度和地下部干重增加幅度均大于LQ18。2个藜麦品种(系)的总干重变化趋势与地上部干重变化趋势一致,与CK相比,LL1在轻度和重度干旱胁迫下总干重分别降低了28.00%和36.00%,LQ18则分别降低了5.56%和11.11%。干旱胁迫增加了藜麦的根冠比,2个品种(系)均在重度干旱胁迫下达到最大值,与CK相比,LL1增加幅度(164.70%)大于LQ18(49.69%)。
2个藜麦品种(系)的SP含量呈现不同的变化趋势(图2a)。与CK相比,LL1的SP含量随干旱程度增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,其在轻度和重度干旱胁迫下分别减少了19.86%和31.99%;而LQ18的SP含量在轻度干旱胁迫下显著增加了20.02%,在重度干旱胁迫下无显著变化。LL1和LQ18的Pro含量均随干旱程度增加而增加,在重度干旱胁迫下达到最大值(图2b)。在轻度干旱胁迫下,LL1和LQ18的Pro含量与CK差异均不显著,但在重度干旱胁迫下,LL1和LQ18显著增加,且LL1显著小于LQ18。
2个藜麦品种(系)的SOD活性均呈先升后降的趋势(图3a)。当受到轻度干旱胁迫时,与CK相比,LL1和LQ18的SOD活性分别显著升高了31.53%和11.77%;在重度干旱胁迫下,LL1显著升高了22.65%,LQ18则降低了6.79%。LQ18的SOD活性在各处理下均显著高于LL1。LL1和LQ18的POD活性呈现不同的变化趋势(图3b)。在轻度和重度干旱胁迫下,LL1的POD活性显著上升,与CK相比,其增幅分别为170.06%和215.01%。LQ18的POD活性在轻度干旱胁迫下无显著变化,但在重度干旱胁迫下显著升高了172.68%,且显著高于LL1。干旱胁迫下2个藜麦品种(系)的MDA含量均呈增加趋势(图3c)。与CK相比,LL1在轻度和重度干旱胁迫下MDA含量分别升高了45.95%和89.34%,LQ18则分别升高了38.37%和75.86%,LQ18在各处理下均显著小于LL1。
植株为应对干旱胁迫会做出一系列反应,直观地体现在生长特征上,如株高和叶片的变化等[20]。陇藜1号(LL1)是干旱试验中常用的抗旱品种,本研究发现2个品种在轻度干旱胁迫下,株高与CK均无显著差异;但随着干旱程度加剧,植株变矮小,叶片萎蔫,地上部干物质减少,表明干旱胁迫抑制了叶片气体交换,进而抑制有机物的合成与积累,影响植物正常生长,与诸多植物生理研究[21-23]结论一致。同时,种子萌发试验显示,在不同干旱胁迫条件下,LQ18的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均与CK无显著差异,进一步佐证了上述结论。
植物根系作为最早感知土壤水分亏缺的部位,在遭遇干旱和土壤贫瘠时会产生明显反应,以维持植物的正常生长发育[24]。本研究发现,LL1和LQ18的根系在干旱胁迫下均呈现正向生长,其中LL1的根长增幅显著大于LQ18。刘文瑜等[25]研究发现,LL1在干旱胁迫下根长增幅最小,而本研究中LQ18的根长增幅显著小于LL1,表明LQ18在干旱条件下具有更好的适应性。干旱胁迫会促使植株根系向土壤深处延伸,以获取更多水分,满足其生长发育需求。
地上部与地下部干重的变化揭示了藜麦在干旱胁迫下资源分配策略的调整。植物在受到逆境胁迫时,通常会优先减少地上部生长,促进地下部生长,将更多生物量分配给根系,增加根冠比,以确保基本生存资源的获取[26]。LL1和LQ18均表现出地上部干重减少、地下部干重增加的趋势,但LQ18的地下部干重小于LL1,反映出2种抗旱性藜麦在强化根系发育以应对水分吸收不足方面存在适应性差异。根冠比的变化进一步凸显了根系在干旱适应性中的关键作用[27]。LL1在干旱胁迫下根冠比显著增加,尤其在重度胁迫下,表明其通过增强根系生长提高水分吸收能力。相比之下,LQ18的根冠比在重度干旱胁迫下有所增加,但在轻度胁迫下与CK无显著差异。魏志敏等[28]研究表明,抗旱能力更强的藜麦品种(系)其根冠比增幅相对较小,这进一步证实了LQ18具有更强的抗旱性。藜麦通过发展较长的根系以扩大吸水面积,能够在一定程度上抵御干旱胁迫,平衡地上与地下部分的生长。
MDA作为叶片脂质过氧化的产物之一,常被用作评估植物对环境胁迫反应的关键指标[29]。当植株遭受逆境胁迫时,膜脂过氧化程度加剧,导致MDA含量逐步上升[30]。本研究发现,2个藜麦品种(系)的MDA含量均随干旱胁迫程度的加深而显著增加,但LQ18在相同胁迫条件下MDA含量较低,表明其具有较高的抗旱能力和更有效的细胞保护机制。SOD和POD是抗氧化酶系统的重要组成部分。在干旱胁迫下,植物常通过调节抗氧化酶活性来激活抗氧化防御机制,进而提升对干旱环境的适应能力[31]。SOD作为酶促防御机制中的“第一道防线”[32],在轻度干旱胁迫下,LL1和LQ18的SOD活性均显著提升;但在重度干旱胁迫下,二者活性均有所下降,这与李伟成等[33]的研究结论一致。重度干旱胁迫下,LQ18的SOD活性虽有所降低,但其POD活性却显著提升。这表明LQ18在应对极端环境时,倾向于通过增强POD活性来清除过量的活性自由基,减轻氧化应激对细胞的损伤,从而提升其抗旱能力。此外,LL1的抗氧化酶活性整体低于LQ18,这一发现揭示了不同藜麦品种在抗旱机制上的差异,为深入研究植物抗旱性提供了有价值的理论依据,同时对抗旱作物品种的培育与改良具有重要的指导意义。
渗透调节是植物应对干旱胁迫的关键生理机制之一[34]。本研究发现,LL1的SP含量随干旱程度加剧而逐渐降低,这与张平等[35]的研究结论一致。其主要原因在于干旱抑制了大部分蛋白质的合成,SP的减少削弱了细胞的渗透调节能力,并限制了受损生物大分子的修复,进而影响植物的整体适应性[36]。LQ18在轻度干旱胁迫下,通过增加SP含量增强叶片渗透调节能力,维持正常生理活动;但随着干旱程度加剧,SP介导的保护机制逐渐达到其调节阈值。Pro作为植物蛋白质的组成成分,在重度干旱胁迫下,植物可通过提高体内Pro含量增强耐旱性[37]。与LL1相比,LQ18在重度干旱胁迫下积累了更多Pro,展现出更强的抗旱特性,表明在干旱胁迫下,抗旱性更强的品种通常具有更高含量且显著增加的渗透调节物质,从而更有效地保护细胞代谢活动并适应环境胁迫。
在干旱胁迫下,LQ18的各项发芽指标与对照均无显著差异,而LL1则随胁迫程度加剧而逐渐降低。在重度干旱胁迫下,LQ18的叶面积和地上部干重降幅,以及根长、地下部干重和根冠比增幅均小于LL1。LQ18通过增加SP和Pro含量来优化渗透调节,有效减轻干旱引发的氧化损伤;而LL1仅依赖Pro调节渗透平衡,难以应对更严重的干旱胁迫。重度干旱胁迫下,LQ18的SOD和POD协同调节作用优于LL1。LQ18在干旱胁迫下展现出更优的生理适应策略,证实其具有较强的抗旱能力与细胞保护机制。
  • 山西省基础研究计划(202303021212154)
  • 山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-111)
  • 山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L259)
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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.023
  • 接收时间:2024-07-22
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-22
  • 修回日期:2024-09-24
基金
山西省基础研究计划(202303021212154)
山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-111)
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L259)
作者信息
    1山西师范大学生命科学学院,030031,山西太原
    2山西师范大学地理科学学院,030031,山西太原

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张永清,主要从事植物生理生态、植物营养和土壤学研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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