Article(id=1256541005495525727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728403200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-09, revisedDate=1733760000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512321113, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512321113, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512321113, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512321113, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=167, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541005961093474, articleId=1256541005495525727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Wild and Cultivated Oats during Filling Process, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using wild oats and cultivated oats as research subjects, an experiment was conducted using wild population materials (Atl-03, Atl-05, Atl-06, Atl-08, Atl-11) and cultivated population materials (ITAO-32, ITAO-36, ITAO-38, ITAO-49, ITAO-50). Photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), as well as agronomic traits such as plant height, panicle length, total tiller number, 1000-grain weight, and mean surface area of seed, were measured at heading stage, early grain-filling stage, late grain-filling stage, and maturity, respectively. The results showed there were significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics between wild oats and cultivated oats. The coefficients of variation of wild oats were higher than those of cultivated oats, but cultivated oats exhibited stronger and more stable photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, significant differences were also observed in agronomic traits between wild oats and cultivated oats. Correlation analysis indicated that net photosynthetic rate, flag leaf area, and SPAD value were all significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight. Among the wild populations, Atl-11 exhibited the optimal photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits; among the cultivated populations, ITAO-36 showed the optimal photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits, and both can serve as excellent germplasm resources.

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以野生燕麦和栽培燕麦为研究对象,采用野生群体材料Atl-03、Atl-05、Atl-06、Atl-08、Atl-11和栽培群体材料ITAO-32、ITAO-36、ITAO-38、ITAO-49、ITAO-50进行试验,于抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期和成熟期分别测定净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)等光合参数,以及株高、穗长、分蘖总数、千粒重和平均种子表面积等农艺性状。结果表明,野生燕麦和栽培燕麦的光合特性存在显著差异,野生燕麦的变异系数高于栽培燕麦,但栽培燕麦的光合性能更强且更稳定。此外,野生燕麦和栽培燕麦在农艺性状上也存在显著差异。相关性分析表明,净光合速率、旗叶面积和SPAD值均与千粒重呈显著正相关。野生群体中,Atl-11的光合特性和农艺性状最优;栽培群体中,ITAO-36的光合特性和农艺性状最优,二者均可作为优良种质资源。

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范昱,研究方向为荞麦和燕麦关键性状形成机理,E-mail:
王俊珍为共同通信作者,研究方向为燕麦的栽培生理,E-mail:
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朱柃羽,研究方向为燕麦种质资源筛选,E-mail:

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朱柃羽,研究方向为燕麦种质资源筛选,E-mail:

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朱柃羽,研究方向为燕麦种质资源筛选,E-mail:

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HS: heading stage; EGFS: early grain-filling stage; LGFS: late grain-filling stage; MS: maturity stage; PH: plant height; PL: panicle length; TTN: total tiller number; TKW: 1000-grain weight; MSAS: mean surface area of seed; MSC: mean seed circumference; MSL: mean seed length; MSW: mean seed width.“*”indicates significant correlations at P < 0.05 level.

, figureFileSmall=/6qprV5Q1OxUQUCMHktTJA==, figureFileBig=RXu+TAF27Hj/2Q+CUJHrnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541045781816019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541005495525727, language=CN, label=图1, caption=燕麦光合特性与农艺性状的相关性分析

HS:抽穗期;EGFS:灌浆前期;LGFS:灌浆后期;MS:成熟期;PH:株高;PL:穗长;TTN:分蘖总数;TKW:千粒重;MSAS:平均种子表面积;MSC:平均种子周长;MSL:平均种子长;MSW:平均种子宽。“*”表示在P < 0.05水平显著相关。

, figureFileSmall=/6qprV5Q1OxUQUCMHktTJA==, figureFileBig=RXu+TAF27Hj/2Q+CUJHrnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541048323564273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541005495525727, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of the difference of photosynthetic characteristic parameters of different oat materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期
Stage
材料
Material
SPAD值
SPAD value
旗叶面积
Flag leaf area (mm2)
Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Gs
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Pn
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]
Ci
(μmol/mol)
抽穗期
Heading
Atl-03 44.39±2.03c 21.59±0.99e 6.50±0.30de 123.18±5.63e 6.41±0.29e 284.09±12.99d
Atl-05 47.51±1.23bc 27.82±0.72cd 5.95±0.15de 101.82±2.64e 4.56±0.12f 348.02±9.04abc
Atl-06 47.93±1.22bc 25.93±0.66cde 5.37±0.14e 126.62±3.21e 4.96±0.13ef 397.21±10.09a
Atl-08 55.09±0.99ab 29.06±0.52c 11.30±0.20ab 535.23±9.63a 9.63±0.10d 386.78±6.96a
Atl-11 53.19±2.06ab 23.39±0.91de 9.05±0.35c 179.59±6.95d 10.52±0.41cd 303.15±11.74cd
ITAO-32 55.71±1.58a 43.65±1.24a 10.38±0.30b 454.26±12.91b 16.24±0.46a 358.81±10.19ab
ITAO-36 57.14±1.93a 43.31±1.46a 10.15±0.34bc 450.12±15.19b 14.17±0.48b 383.97±12.96a
ITAO-38 54.52±0.94ab 44.44±0.77a 6.93±0.12de 254.19±4.39c 12.04±0.21c 354.52±6.12ab
ITAO-49 54.99±1.85ab 41.25±1.39a 12.43±0.42ab 541.20±18.19a 15.13±0.51ab 367.60±12.36a
ITAO-50 53.73±0.98ab 36.32±0.66b 5.35±0.10e 150.46±2.75de 10.25±0.19d 312.47±5.72bcd
灌浆前期
Early grain-filling
Atl-03 49.07±2.24c 36.81±1.68cd 6.19±0.28b 108.29±4.95cd 5.48±0.25c 279.32±12.77c
Atl-05 55.13±1.43abc 33.61±0.87d 4.93±0.13c 84.61±2.20e 3.53±0.09d 330.21±8.58b
Atl-06 50.10±1.27bc 26.74±0.68e 3.84±0.10d 123.52±3.14c 3.00±0.08d 394.99±10.03a
Atl-08 63.04±1.13a 27.25±0.49e 5.06±0.09c 106.92±1.92cd 4.89±0.14c 280.37±5.05c
Atl-11 58.04±2.25ab 42.76±1.66bc 7.80±0.30a 161.44±6.25b 3.62±0.19d 284.02±11.00c
ITAO-32 59.88±1.70a 47.16±1.34ab 4.90±0.14c 101.99±2.90de 9.74±0.28a 234.48±6.66d
ITAO-36 63.68±2.15a 48.28±1.63ab 7.50±0.25a 186.20±6.28a 9.54±0.32a 319.92±10.80bc
ITAO-38 60.47±1.04a 50.00±0.86a 4.99±0.09c 106.08±1.83cd 7.68±0.13b 281.38±4.86c
ITAO-49 61.31±2.06a 43.10±1.45bc 7.58±0.25a 186.18±6.26a 10.03±0.34a 302.14±10.16bc
ITAO-50 61.58±1.13a 47.66±0.87ab 4.90±0.09c 95.42±1.75de 5.66±0.10c 299.36±5.48bc
灌浆后期
Late grain-filling
Atl-03 46.49±2.13b 40.02±0.21c 3.95±0.18bc 86.37±3.95bc 1.39±0.19de 322.28±14.74cd
Atl-05 52.36±1.36ab 42.31±1.56c 3.20±0.08def 79.81±2.07cd 1.75±0.02cd 431.56±11.21a
Atl-06 46.08±1.17b 33.30±0.85d 3.38±0.09cdef 68.90±1.75de 2.38±0.06bc 319.58±8.11cd
Atl-08 60.03±1.08a 28.69±0.52d 2.94±0.05ef 70.77±1.27de 1.05±0.02e 381.85±6.87ab
Atl-11 53.59±2.08ab 39.99±0.49c 3.42±0.13cde 92.64±3.59b 1.89±0.24cd 358.32±13.88bc
ITAO-32 55.48±1.58a 58.87±1.67a 4.18±0.12b 79.87±2.27cd 5.71±0.16a 285.91±8.12d
ITAO-36 57.97±1.96a 58.82±1.99a 6.57±0.22a 113.80±3.84a 5.31±0.18a 339.31±11.45bc
ITAO-38 56.23±0.97a 64.50±1.11a 2.80±0.05f 64.58±1.11ef 2.33±0.04bc 376.19±6.49b
ITAO-49 57.77±1.94a 51.55±1.73b 3.13±0.11def 54.08±1.82f 2.27±0.08bc 342.36±11.51bc
ITAO-50 53.68±0.98ab 64.07±1.17a 3.66±0.07bcd 89.69±1.64bc 2.89±0.05b 390.96±7.15ab
成熟期
Maturity
Atl-03 27.78±1.27f 45.09±0.78cd 3.87±0.18a 82.43±3.77a 1.30±0.16de 350.30±16.02bcd
Atl-05 33.78±0.88de 46.10±1.74cd 1.86±0.05ef 43.76±1.14de 1.62±0.05cde 430.29±11.18a
Atl-06 21.96±0.56g 35.73±0.92de 1.42±0.04fg 28.16±0.72fg 2.17±0.06bc 337.32±8.56cd
Atl-08 39.78±0.72bc 30.77±0.33e 1.32±0.02g 25.53±0.46g 0.96±0.03e 392.50±7.07ab
Atl-11 42.93±1.66ab 42.91±0.39d 2.29±0.09de 61.01±2.36c 1.77±0.22cd 314.15±12.17cd
ITAO-32 47.02±1.34a 65.82±3.25ab 3.23±0.09b 77.82±2.21ab 5.22±0.14a 314.13±8.92cd
ITAO-36 36.41±1.23cd 63.19±3.15ab 3.45±0.12ab 72.78±2.46ab 5.07±0.26a 364.36±12.30bc
ITAO-38 30.63±0.53ef 69.03±1.80a 2.04±0.04e 37.11±0.64ef 2.22±0.09bc 312.01±5.39d
ITAO-49 48.18±1.62a 55.11±3.80bc 3.05±0.10bc 70.47±2.37bc 2.12±0.08bc 348.60±11.72bcd
ITAO-50 25.66±0.47fg 68.64±3.60a 2.65±0.05cd 49.23±0.90d 2.76±0.08b 313.07±5.73cd
), ArticleFig(id=1256541048847852282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541005495525727, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同燕麦材料光合特性参数差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期
Stage
材料
Material
SPAD值
SPAD value
旗叶面积
Flag leaf area (mm2)
Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Gs
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Pn
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]
Ci
(μmol/mol)
抽穗期
Heading
Atl-03 44.39±2.03c 21.59±0.99e 6.50±0.30de 123.18±5.63e 6.41±0.29e 284.09±12.99d
Atl-05 47.51±1.23bc 27.82±0.72cd 5.95±0.15de 101.82±2.64e 4.56±0.12f 348.02±9.04abc
Atl-06 47.93±1.22bc 25.93±0.66cde 5.37±0.14e 126.62±3.21e 4.96±0.13ef 397.21±10.09a
Atl-08 55.09±0.99ab 29.06±0.52c 11.30±0.20ab 535.23±9.63a 9.63±0.10d 386.78±6.96a
Atl-11 53.19±2.06ab 23.39±0.91de 9.05±0.35c 179.59±6.95d 10.52±0.41cd 303.15±11.74cd
ITAO-32 55.71±1.58a 43.65±1.24a 10.38±0.30b 454.26±12.91b 16.24±0.46a 358.81±10.19ab
ITAO-36 57.14±1.93a 43.31±1.46a 10.15±0.34bc 450.12±15.19b 14.17±0.48b 383.97±12.96a
ITAO-38 54.52±0.94ab 44.44±0.77a 6.93±0.12de 254.19±4.39c 12.04±0.21c 354.52±6.12ab
ITAO-49 54.99±1.85ab 41.25±1.39a 12.43±0.42ab 541.20±18.19a 15.13±0.51ab 367.60±12.36a
ITAO-50 53.73±0.98ab 36.32±0.66b 5.35±0.10e 150.46±2.75de 10.25±0.19d 312.47±5.72bcd
灌浆前期
Early grain-filling
Atl-03 49.07±2.24c 36.81±1.68cd 6.19±0.28b 108.29±4.95cd 5.48±0.25c 279.32±12.77c
Atl-05 55.13±1.43abc 33.61±0.87d 4.93±0.13c 84.61±2.20e 3.53±0.09d 330.21±8.58b
Atl-06 50.10±1.27bc 26.74±0.68e 3.84±0.10d 123.52±3.14c 3.00±0.08d 394.99±10.03a
Atl-08 63.04±1.13a 27.25±0.49e 5.06±0.09c 106.92±1.92cd 4.89±0.14c 280.37±5.05c
Atl-11 58.04±2.25ab 42.76±1.66bc 7.80±0.30a 161.44±6.25b 3.62±0.19d 284.02±11.00c
ITAO-32 59.88±1.70a 47.16±1.34ab 4.90±0.14c 101.99±2.90de 9.74±0.28a 234.48±6.66d
ITAO-36 63.68±2.15a 48.28±1.63ab 7.50±0.25a 186.20±6.28a 9.54±0.32a 319.92±10.80bc
ITAO-38 60.47±1.04a 50.00±0.86a 4.99±0.09c 106.08±1.83cd 7.68±0.13b 281.38±4.86c
ITAO-49 61.31±2.06a 43.10±1.45bc 7.58±0.25a 186.18±6.26a 10.03±0.34a 302.14±10.16bc
ITAO-50 61.58±1.13a 47.66±0.87ab 4.90±0.09c 95.42±1.75de 5.66±0.10c 299.36±5.48bc
灌浆后期
Late grain-filling
Atl-03 46.49±2.13b 40.02±0.21c 3.95±0.18bc 86.37±3.95bc 1.39±0.19de 322.28±14.74cd
Atl-05 52.36±1.36ab 42.31±1.56c 3.20±0.08def 79.81±2.07cd 1.75±0.02cd 431.56±11.21a
Atl-06 46.08±1.17b 33.30±0.85d 3.38±0.09cdef 68.90±1.75de 2.38±0.06bc 319.58±8.11cd
Atl-08 60.03±1.08a 28.69±0.52d 2.94±0.05ef 70.77±1.27de 1.05±0.02e 381.85±6.87ab
Atl-11 53.59±2.08ab 39.99±0.49c 3.42±0.13cde 92.64±3.59b 1.89±0.24cd 358.32±13.88bc
ITAO-32 55.48±1.58a 58.87±1.67a 4.18±0.12b 79.87±2.27cd 5.71±0.16a 285.91±8.12d
ITAO-36 57.97±1.96a 58.82±1.99a 6.57±0.22a 113.80±3.84a 5.31±0.18a 339.31±11.45bc
ITAO-38 56.23±0.97a 64.50±1.11a 2.80±0.05f 64.58±1.11ef 2.33±0.04bc 376.19±6.49b
ITAO-49 57.77±1.94a 51.55±1.73b 3.13±0.11def 54.08±1.82f 2.27±0.08bc 342.36±11.51bc
ITAO-50 53.68±0.98ab 64.07±1.17a 3.66±0.07bcd 89.69±1.64bc 2.89±0.05b 390.96±7.15ab
成熟期
Maturity
Atl-03 27.78±1.27f 45.09±0.78cd 3.87±0.18a 82.43±3.77a 1.30±0.16de 350.30±16.02bcd
Atl-05 33.78±0.88de 46.10±1.74cd 1.86±0.05ef 43.76±1.14de 1.62±0.05cde 430.29±11.18a
Atl-06 21.96±0.56g 35.73±0.92de 1.42±0.04fg 28.16±0.72fg 2.17±0.06bc 337.32±8.56cd
Atl-08 39.78±0.72bc 30.77±0.33e 1.32±0.02g 25.53±0.46g 0.96±0.03e 392.50±7.07ab
Atl-11 42.93±1.66ab 42.91±0.39d 2.29±0.09de 61.01±2.36c 1.77±0.22cd 314.15±12.17cd
ITAO-32 47.02±1.34a 65.82±3.25ab 3.23±0.09b 77.82±2.21ab 5.22±0.14a 314.13±8.92cd
ITAO-36 36.41±1.23cd 63.19±3.15ab 3.45±0.12ab 72.78±2.46ab 5.07±0.26a 364.36±12.30bc
ITAO-38 30.63±0.53ef 69.03±1.80a 2.04±0.04e 37.11±0.64ef 2.22±0.09bc 312.01±5.39d
ITAO-49 48.18±1.62a 55.11±3.80bc 3.05±0.10bc 70.47±2.37bc 2.12±0.08bc 348.60±11.72bcd
ITAO-50 25.66±0.47fg 68.64±3.60a 2.65±0.05cd 49.23±0.90d 2.76±0.08b 313.07±5.73cd
), ArticleFig(id=1256541049644770055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541005495525727, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of differences in photosynthetic characteristics between wild and cultivated population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期
Stage
群体
Population
指标
Index
SPAD值
SPAD value
旗叶面积
Flag leaf area (mm2)
Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Gs
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Pn
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]
Ci
(μmol/mol)
抽穗期
Heading
野生 平均值 49.6±1.2b 25.6±0.8b 7.6±0.6a 213.3±43.6b 7.2±0.7b 343.9±12.5a
范围 41.2~56.7 20.0~29.7 5.1~11.6 99.2~547.5 4.4~11.2 263.6~414.2
变异系数CV (%) 9.4 12.0 30.5 79.2 35.2 14.1
栽培 平均值 55.2±0.7a 41.8±0.9a 9.1±0.7a 370.1±38.9a 13.6±0.6a 355.5±7.4a
范围 51.7~61.0 35.5~46.2 5.2~13.1 147.0~571.2 10.0~16.9 305.3~409.8
变异系数CV (%) 4.6 8.3 29.6 40.7 17.0 8.0
灌浆前期
Early grain-filling
野生 平均值 55.1±1.5b 33.4±1.7b 5.6±0.4a 117.0±7.0a 4.1±0.3b 313.8±12.6a
范围 45.5~64.5 25.5~45.6 3.7~8.3 82.4~172.1 2.9~6.0 259.2~411.8
变异系数CV (%) 10.7 19.4 25.5 23.1 24.1 15.5
栽培 平均值 61.4±0.7a 47.2±0.8a 6.0±0.4a 135.2±11.3a 8.5±0.5a 287.5±8.4a
范围 56.6~68.0 40.5~51.5 4.6~8.0 93.2~196.5 5.5~10.6 221.5~341.5
变异系数CV (%) 4.6 6.4 22.6 32.3 20.5 11.3
灌浆后期
Late grain-filling
野生 平均值 51.7±1.5b 36.9±1.4b 3.4±0.1a 79.7±2.6a 1.7±0.1b 362.7±11.9a
范围 43.1~61.4 27.7~43.9 2.8~4.3 65.8~98.8 1.0~2.5 299.1~454.0
变异系数CV (%) 11.3 14.7 11.3 12.8 30.2 12.7
栽培 平均值 56.2±0.7a 59.6±1.4a 4.1±0.4a 80.4±5.6a 3.7±0.4a 347.0±10.3a
范围 52.4~61.9 48.4~64.9 2.7~7.0 50.8~121.5 2.1~5.9 270.1~405.1
变异系数CV (%) 5.0 9.0 34.3 27.0 42.1 11.5
成熟期
Maturity
野生 平均值 33.3±2.1a 40.1±1.6b 2.2±0.3b 48.2±5.8a 1.6±0.1b 364.9±11.9a
范围 21.0~45.8 30.2~49.1 1.3~4.2 24.6~89.4 0.9~2.2 292.8~452.6
变异系数CV (%) 24.4 15.7 44.9 46.2 29.7 12.6
栽培 平均值 37.6±2.4a 64.4±1.8a 2.9±0.1a 61.5±4.2a 3.5±0.4a 330.4±6.8b
范围 25.1~50.9 48.9~75.7 2.0~3.7 35.9~80.9 2.0~5.5 296.8~388.9
变异系数CV (%) 24.8 11.0 18.3 26.7 41.5 8.0
), ArticleFig(id=1256541050861118224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541005495525727, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

野生群体与栽培群体的光合特性差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期
Stage
群体
Population
指标
Index
SPAD值
SPAD value
旗叶面积
Flag leaf area (mm2)
Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Gs
[mmol/(m2·s)]
Pn
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]
Ci
(μmol/mol)
抽穗期
Heading
野生 平均值 49.6±1.2b 25.6±0.8b 7.6±0.6a 213.3±43.6b 7.2±0.7b 343.9±12.5a
范围 41.2~56.7 20.0~29.7 5.1~11.6 99.2~547.5 4.4~11.2 263.6~414.2
变异系数CV (%) 9.4 12.0 30.5 79.2 35.2 14.1
栽培 平均值 55.2±0.7a 41.8±0.9a 9.1±0.7a 370.1±38.9a 13.6±0.6a 355.5±7.4a
范围 51.7~61.0 35.5~46.2 5.2~13.1 147.0~571.2 10.0~16.9 305.3~409.8
变异系数CV (%) 4.6 8.3 29.6 40.7 17.0 8.0
灌浆前期
Early grain-filling
野生 平均值 55.1±1.5b 33.4±1.7b 5.6±0.4a 117.0±7.0a 4.1±0.3b 313.8±12.6a
范围 45.5~64.5 25.5~45.6 3.7~8.3 82.4~172.1 2.9~6.0 259.2~411.8
变异系数CV (%) 10.7 19.4 25.5 23.1 24.1 15.5
栽培 平均值 61.4±0.7a 47.2±0.8a 6.0±0.4a 135.2±11.3a 8.5±0.5a 287.5±8.4a
范围 56.6~68.0 40.5~51.5 4.6~8.0 93.2~196.5 5.5~10.6 221.5~341.5
变异系数CV (%) 4.6 6.4 22.6 32.3 20.5 11.3
灌浆后期
Late grain-filling
野生 平均值 51.7±1.5b 36.9±1.4b 3.4±0.1a 79.7±2.6a 1.7±0.1b 362.7±11.9a
范围 43.1~61.4 27.7~43.9 2.8~4.3 65.8~98.8 1.0~2.5 299.1~454.0
变异系数CV (%) 11.3 14.7 11.3 12.8 30.2 12.7
栽培 平均值 56.2±0.7a 59.6±1.4a 4.1±0.4a 80.4±5.6a 3.7±0.4a 347.0±10.3a
范围 52.4~61.9 48.4~64.9 2.7~7.0 50.8~121.5 2.1~5.9 270.1~405.1
变异系数CV (%) 5.0 9.0 34.3 27.0 42.1 11.5
成熟期
Maturity
野生 平均值 33.3±2.1a 40.1±1.6b 2.2±0.3b 48.2±5.8a 1.6±0.1b 364.9±11.9a
范围 21.0~45.8 30.2~49.1 1.3~4.2 24.6~89.4 0.9~2.2 292.8~452.6
变异系数CV (%) 24.4 15.7 44.9 46.2 29.7 12.6
栽培 平均值 37.6±2.4a 64.4±1.8a 2.9±0.1a 61.5±4.2a 3.5±0.4a 330.4±6.8b
范围 25.1~50.9 48.9~75.7 2.0~3.7 35.9~80.9 2.0~5.5 296.8~388.9
变异系数CV (%) 24.8 11.0 18.3 26.7 41.5 8.0
), ArticleFig(id=1256541051662230299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541005495525727, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Agronomic traits of different oat materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
Material
株高
Plant height
(cm)
穗长
Panicle length
(cm)
分蘖总数
Total tiller
number
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
平均种子表面积
Mean surface area
of seed (mm2)
平均种子周长
Mean seed
circumference (mm)
平均种子长
Mean seed
length (mm)
平均种子宽
Mean seed
width (mm)
Atl-03 133.6±5.1cd 43.9±3.9a 24.7±2.0ab 10.9±0.0e 13.7±0.0c 22.8±0.0a 9.9±0.0a 2.1±0.0cd
Atl-05 169.9±3.9b 42.5±3.4a 27.0±1.2a 15.2±0.2cd 15.3±0.2b 20.5±0.2bc 9.0±0.1bc 2.1±0.0bcd
Atl-06 164.8±0.6b 35.5±1.0a 22.3±5.2abc 14.2±0.2d 14.0±0.2c 18.8±0.2ef 8.2±0.1de 2.2±0.0bcd
Atl-08 197.2±2.1a 41.1±10.5a 27.0±1.5a 11.8±0.1e 13.9±0.3c 21.7±0.1ab 9.5±0.1ab 2.1±0.0d
Atl-11 141.1±7.9c 36.7±3.5a 26.3±1.2ab 15.5±0.3c 15.3±0.3b 19.0±0.3def 8.2±0.1de 2.3±0.0abc
ITAO-32 139.7±0.8c 46.0±0.4a 16.7±0.3bcd 17.0±0.1b 15.9±0.1b 20.0±0.1cde 8.6±0.0cd 2.3±0.0ab
ITAO-36 135.9±2.4c 37.0±1.3a 14.0±2.0cd 23.1±0.1a 17.2±0.1a 20.3±0.1cd 8.7±0.1cd 2.4±0.0ab
ITAO-38 97.0±0.8e 39.2±4.0a 9.0±0.6d 15.2±0.4cd 14.1±0.3c 18.0±0.4f 7.8±0.2e 2.2±0.1abcd
ITAO-49 113.4±5.5de 39.8±4.2a 16.3±0.7bcd 16.7±0.3b 16.2±0.3ab 19.8±0.3cde 8.6±0.2cd 2.3±0.0abc
ITAO-50 120.7±6.8cd 28.0±3.0a 11.3±0.9d 14.6±0.2cd 16.2±0.3ab 20.5±0.3bc 8.9±0.2c 2.4±0.0a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541052555617062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541005495525727, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同燕麦材料的农艺性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
Material
株高
Plant height
(cm)
穗长
Panicle length
(cm)
分蘖总数
Total tiller
number
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
平均种子表面积
Mean surface area
of seed (mm2)
平均种子周长
Mean seed
circumference (mm)
平均种子长
Mean seed
length (mm)
平均种子宽
Mean seed
width (mm)
Atl-03 133.6±5.1cd 43.9±3.9a 24.7±2.0ab 10.9±0.0e 13.7±0.0c 22.8±0.0a 9.9±0.0a 2.1±0.0cd
Atl-05 169.9±3.9b 42.5±3.4a 27.0±1.2a 15.2±0.2cd 15.3±0.2b 20.5±0.2bc 9.0±0.1bc 2.1±0.0bcd
Atl-06 164.8±0.6b 35.5±1.0a 22.3±5.2abc 14.2±0.2d 14.0±0.2c 18.8±0.2ef 8.2±0.1de 2.2±0.0bcd
Atl-08 197.2±2.1a 41.1±10.5a 27.0±1.5a 11.8±0.1e 13.9±0.3c 21.7±0.1ab 9.5±0.1ab 2.1±0.0d
Atl-11 141.1±7.9c 36.7±3.5a 26.3±1.2ab 15.5±0.3c 15.3±0.3b 19.0±0.3def 8.2±0.1de 2.3±0.0abc
ITAO-32 139.7±0.8c 46.0±0.4a 16.7±0.3bcd 17.0±0.1b 15.9±0.1b 20.0±0.1cde 8.6±0.0cd 2.3±0.0ab
ITAO-36 135.9±2.4c 37.0±1.3a 14.0±2.0cd 23.1±0.1a 17.2±0.1a 20.3±0.1cd 8.7±0.1cd 2.4±0.0ab
ITAO-38 97.0±0.8e 39.2±4.0a 9.0±0.6d 15.2±0.4cd 14.1±0.3c 18.0±0.4f 7.8±0.2e 2.2±0.1abcd
ITAO-49 113.4±5.5de 39.8±4.2a 16.3±0.7bcd 16.7±0.3b 16.2±0.3ab 19.8±0.3cde 8.6±0.2cd 2.3±0.0abc
ITAO-50 120.7±6.8cd 28.0±3.0a 11.3±0.9d 14.6±0.2cd 16.2±0.3ab 20.5±0.3bc 8.9±0.2c 2.4±0.0a
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野生和栽培燕麦灌浆过程的光合特性与农艺性状研究
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朱柃羽 1 , 杨乔惠 1 , 刘亦迅 1 , 袁健 2 , 王名花 2 , 向达兵 1 , 邹亮 1 , 王俊珍 3 , 范昱 1
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(1): 167-174
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(1): 167-174
野生和栽培燕麦灌浆过程的光合特性与农艺性状研究
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朱柃羽1 , 杨乔惠1, 刘亦迅1, 袁健2, 王名花2, 向达兵1, 邹亮1, 王俊珍3 , 范昱1
作者信息
  • 1成都大学食品与生物工程学院/农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室/四川省杂粮产业化工程技术研究中心,610106,四川成都
  • 2西昌华富健生物科技有限公司,615000,四川西昌
  • 3凉山彝族自治州农业科学研究院,615000,四川西昌
  • 朱柃羽,研究方向为燕麦种质资源筛选,E-mail:

通讯作者:

范昱,研究方向为荞麦和燕麦关键性状形成机理,E-mail:
王俊珍为共同通信作者,研究方向为燕麦的栽培生理,E-mail:
Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Wild and Cultivated Oats during Filling Process
Lingyu Zhu1 , Qiaohui Yang1, Yixun Liu1, Jian Yuan2, Minghua Wang2, Dabing Xiang1, Liang Zou1, Junzhen Wang3 , Yu Fan1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University / Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
  • 2Xichang Huafujian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China
  • 3Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.021
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以野生燕麦和栽培燕麦为研究对象,采用野生群体材料Atl-03、Atl-05、Atl-06、Atl-08、Atl-11和栽培群体材料ITAO-32、ITAO-36、ITAO-38、ITAO-49、ITAO-50进行试验,于抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期和成熟期分别测定净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)等光合参数,以及株高、穗长、分蘖总数、千粒重和平均种子表面积等农艺性状。结果表明,野生燕麦和栽培燕麦的光合特性存在显著差异,野生燕麦的变异系数高于栽培燕麦,但栽培燕麦的光合性能更强且更稳定。此外,野生燕麦和栽培燕麦在农艺性状上也存在显著差异。相关性分析表明,净光合速率、旗叶面积和SPAD值均与千粒重呈显著正相关。野生群体中,Atl-11的光合特性和农艺性状最优;栽培群体中,ITAO-36的光合特性和农艺性状最优,二者均可作为优良种质资源。

野生燕麦  /  栽培燕麦  /  光合特性  /  农艺性状

Using wild oats and cultivated oats as research subjects, an experiment was conducted using wild population materials (Atl-03, Atl-05, Atl-06, Atl-08, Atl-11) and cultivated population materials (ITAO-32, ITAO-36, ITAO-38, ITAO-49, ITAO-50). Photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), as well as agronomic traits such as plant height, panicle length, total tiller number, 1000-grain weight, and mean surface area of seed, were measured at heading stage, early grain-filling stage, late grain-filling stage, and maturity, respectively. The results showed there were significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics between wild oats and cultivated oats. The coefficients of variation of wild oats were higher than those of cultivated oats, but cultivated oats exhibited stronger and more stable photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, significant differences were also observed in agronomic traits between wild oats and cultivated oats. Correlation analysis indicated that net photosynthetic rate, flag leaf area, and SPAD value were all significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight. Among the wild populations, Atl-11 exhibited the optimal photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits; among the cultivated populations, ITAO-36 showed the optimal photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits, and both can serve as excellent germplasm resources.

Wild oat  /  Cultivated oat  /  Photosynthetic characteristics  /  Agronomic traits
朱柃羽, 杨乔惠, 刘亦迅, 袁健, 王名花, 向达兵, 邹亮, 王俊珍, 范昱. 野生和栽培燕麦灌浆过程的光合特性与农艺性状研究. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 167 -174 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.021
Lingyu Zhu, Qiaohui Yang, Yixun Liu, Jian Yuan, Minghua Wang, Dabing Xiang, Liang Zou, Junzhen Wang, Yu Fan. Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Wild and Cultivated Oats during Filling Process[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 167 -174 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.021
燕麦(Avena sativa),又名铃铛麦或香麦,是禾本科燕麦属的一年生草本植物,具有较高的营养价值,常作为粮饲兼用型作物。燕麦具备抗旱、耐寒、耐贫瘠及耐盐碱等特性,可适应极端环境[1-3]。燕麦富含蛋白质、多种必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素、膳食纤维、皂苷素及矿物质等重要营养成分[4],通常被视为低成本、高营养价值的潜在蛋白质来源[5]。其蛋白质含量一般在10%~14%,个别品种可达19%,是水稻和小麦的1.6~2.3倍,在禾谷类粮食中位居首位[6]。此外,燕麦还富含β-葡聚糖、酚类化合物和皂苷等生物活性物质,其中,β-葡聚糖具有调节血糖、降低血脂及预防心脑血管疾病等功效[7-8]。综上,燕麦具有重要的营养与功效价值。
光合作用是作物物质生产与产量形成的关键环节,作物干物质积累中90%~95%来源于光合作用[9]。光合参数常被用于表征作物的光合能力及其对环境的适应能力[10]。丁位华等[11]研究发现,不同品种小麦的光合能力差异会对群体干物质积累量产生显著影响;Tang等[12]对12个小麦品种的研究表明,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)等光合参数存在显著差异,且高产小麦灌浆期的Pn高于抽穗期;Wei等[13]针对3种类型水稻的研究表明,高产量水稻的叶面积指数、抽穗后叶片Pn及叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均高于低产量水稻;冯国郡[14]研究发现,甜高粱品种的糖锤度和生物产量与灌浆期叶片Pn显著相关。因此,分析作物的光合特征指标对于深入了解作物生长发育及产量形成具有重要意义。
野生作物与栽培作物在光合特性方面存在显著差异。闫洪涛等[15]研究发现,栽培大豆叶片的Pn和SPAD值显著高于野生大豆;李秀秀等[16]研究显示,相较于野生木薯,栽培木薯的光合色素含量更高,对强光的耐受性和利用率更优。目前,燕麦光合特性的研究[17-18]主要集中于光合日变化以及不同处理方式对其光合特性的影响,但关于野生燕麦与栽培燕麦光合特性差异的研究仍较为匮乏。野生燕麦作为栽培燕麦的近缘种,种类多样且分布广泛,遗传多样性丰富[19-20]。本研究以不同基因型的野生和栽培燕麦为试验材料,探究燕麦不同生育期内旗叶多项农艺参数与光合特性的相关性,进一步分析这些特性与产量、籽粒特性等农艺性状之间的潜在关系及群体差异,旨在为燕麦的高产优质栽培与育种提供理论依据。
供试材料为野生燕麦Atl-3、Atl-5、Atl-6、Atl-8、Atl-11和栽培燕麦ITAO-32、ITAO-36、ITAO-38、ITAO-49、ITAO-50。
供试材料种植于四川省成都市金堂县五凤镇(30°35′ N,104°25′ E),该地气候温和,海拔436 m,年均气温17 ℃,年均降水量980 mm,无霜期286 d。土壤肥力中等,基础理化性质为pH 7.3、有机质32.40 g/kg、全氮2.32 g/kg、全磷0.97 g/kg、全钾15.90 g/kg。
于2020年11月种植,2021年5-6月采收。采用随机区组设计,设置保护行,条播种植,每行播种15粒,行长1.5 m,行距1.0 m。播种前施用30 kg/hm2的复合肥(N:P:K=12:12:17)作为基肥。田间管理主要包括抽穗前期的中耕除草,灌水根据当地实际降水情况适当进行。3次重复。
于燕麦成熟期,测量株高、穗长和分蘖总数,以及千粒重、平均种子表面积、平均种子周长、平均种子长和平均种子宽。
分别于燕麦抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期和成熟期,选择天气晴朗的上午9:00-11:00,选取具有代表性的大小相同、长势相似的燕麦旗叶为测定对象,3次重复。使用LI-6400便携式光合系统分析仪(LI-COR,美国)在田间测定PnTrGs和旗叶胞间CO2浓度(Ci);使用SPAD-502 Plus叶绿素测定仪(柯尼卡美能达,日本)测定叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值);使用WinFOLIA多用途叶面积仪(Regent,加拿大)测定旗叶面积。为保证对比分析的可靠性及测定条件的一致性,测量时控制环境条件,其中光源采用仪器配备的内置人工光源,设定光照强度为1000 μmol/(m2·s),大气CO2浓度为350 μmol/mol,温度控制在25 ℃。
采用Excel 2010软件整理数据,对计数数据进行平方根转换;采用SPSS 20.0软件进行方差分析,运用Duncan法进行差异显著性检验(P<0.05),结果以平均值±标准误表示;使用Origin 2024软件进行Pearson相关分析。
为筛选高光效的燕麦材料,分析10份材料的光合特性参数(表1)。抽穗期SPAD值最大的是ITAO-36,为57.14,显著高于野生群体的Atl-03、Atl-05和Atl-06,但与其余燕麦材料无显著差异;抽穗期SPAD值最小的是Atl-03,仅为44.39,Atl-05次之,两者无显著差异。灌浆前期Tr最大的是Atl-11,为7.80 mmol/(m2·s),与ITAO-36和ITAO-49无显著差异,但显著高于其他燕麦材料;Atl-05、Atl-08、ITAO-32、ITAO-38和ITAO-50间均无显著性差异;灌浆前期Tr最小的是Atl-06,仅为3.84 mmol/(m2·s),ITAO-32和ITAO-50次之,Atl-06与ITAO-32和ITAO-50存在显著差异。灌浆前期Ci最大的是Atl-06,为394.99 μmol/mol,显著高于其他燕麦材料;Atl-03、Atl-08、Atl-11、ITAO-36、ITAO-38、ITAO-49和ITAO-50间均无显著差异;灌浆前期Ci最小的是ITAO-32,仅为234.48 μmol/mol,Atl-03次之,两者存在显著差异。灌浆后期旗叶面积最大的是ITAO-38,为64.50 mm2,与ITAO-32、ITAO-36和ITAO-50无显著差异,但显著高于其他燕麦材料;灌浆后期旗叶面积最小的是Atl-08,仅为28.69 mm2,Atl-06次之,两者无显著差异。灌浆后期Pn最大的是ITAO-32,为5.71 μmol CO2/(m2·s),与ITAO-36无显著差异,但显著高于其他燕麦材料;灌浆后期Pn最小的是Atl-08,仅为1.05 μmol CO2/(m2·s),Atl-03次之,两者无显著差异。成熟期Gs最大的是Atl-03,为82.43 mmol/(m2·s),与ITAO-32和ITAO- 36无显著性差异,但显著高于其他燕麦材料;成熟期Gs最小的是Atl-08,仅为25.53 mmol/(m2·s),Atl-06次之,两者无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异。综上所述,不同材料燕麦的光合特性存在较大差异。
野生群体与栽培群体的光合特性差异(表2)表明,两者在不同时期的光合特性差异明显。两者的SPAD值在抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期和成熟期呈先上升后下降的趋势,灌浆前期达到最大,成熟期最小。旗叶面积在4个生育期内不断上升,抽穗期最小,成熟期最大。TrGsPn在4个生育期内持续下降,抽穗期最大,成熟期最小。在野生群体中,Ci先下降后上升,成熟期最大,灌浆前期最小;栽培群体中,Ci在抽穗期最大,灌浆前期最小。综上,野生燕麦和栽培燕麦在抽穗期的光合性能最佳,随着生长进程推进,其光合性能逐渐减弱。
野生群体与栽培群体的光合特性也存在较大差异。野生群体的SPAD值在抽穗期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期均显著低于栽培群体,而在成熟期无显著性差异;总体而言,野生群体的变异系数大于栽培群体。类似地,野生群体的旗叶面积在抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期和成熟期均显著低于栽培群体,总体而言,野生群体的变异系数同样大于栽培群体。野生群体的Tr在抽穗期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期均与栽培群体无显著差异,仅在成熟期显著低于栽培群体;野生群体在3个生育期(抽穗期、灌浆前期和成熟期)的变异系数大于栽培群体。野生群体的Gs在抽穗期显著低于栽培群体,而在灌浆前期、灌浆后期和成熟期均与栽培群体无显著性差异。野生群体的Pn在抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期和成熟期均显著低于栽培群体。野生群体和栽培群体的Ci在抽穗期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期与栽培群体无显著差异,仅在成熟期显著高于栽培群体;总体而言,野生群体的变异系数较大。综上,野生群体的SPAD值、旗叶面积、TrCi离散程度更高,基因型遗传多样性更加丰富;而栽培燕麦的光合性能高于野生燕麦,表明其可能具有更强的光合能力,且光合特性更加稳定。
为筛选优异的种质资源,比较10份燕麦材料的农艺性状(表3)。株高最高的是Atl-08,达197.2 cm,与其他燕麦材料存在显著性差异,Atl- 03、Atl-11、ITAO-32、ITAO-36和ITAO-50间均无显著性差异;株高最低的是ITAO-38,仅97.0 cm,其次是ITAO-49,两者之间无显著差异。穗长最长的是ITAO-32,达46.0 cm,穗长最短的是ITAO-50,仅28.0 cm,与其他燕麦材料无显著差异。分蘖总数最多的是Atl-08和Atl-05,达27.0,与Atl-03、Atl-06和Atl-11无显著性差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异;分蘖总数最少的是ITAO-38,仅为9.0,其次是ITAO-50,两者之间无显著差异,并且与ITAO-32、ITAO-36和ITAO-49均无显著差异。千粒重最大的是ITAO-36,达23.1 g,与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异,Atl-05、Atl-06、ITAO-38和ITAO-50之间均无显著差异;千粒重最小的是Atl-03,仅为10.9 g,其次是Atl-08,两者之间无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异。平均种子表面积最大的是ITAO-36,达17.2 mm2,与ITAO-49和ITAO-50之间无显著差异,但其他燕麦材料存在显著差异;平均种子表面积最小的是Atl-03,仅为13.7 mm2,其次是Atl-08,Atl-03与Atl-06、Atl-08和ITAO-38之间均无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异。平均种子周长最大的是Atl-03,达22.8 mm,其次是Atl-08,两者之间无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异;平均种子周长最小的是ITAO-38,仅为18.0 mm,其次是Atl-06,ITAO-38与Atl-06和Atl-11之间无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异。平均种子长最大的是Atl-03,达9.9 mm,其次是Atl-08,两者之间无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异;平均种子长最小的是ITAO- 38,仅为7.8 mm,与Atl-06和Atl-11之间无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异。平均种子宽最大的是ITAO-50,达2.4 mm,其次是ITAO-36,ITAO-50与Atl-11、ITAO-32、ITAO-36、ITAO-38和ITAO-49无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著性差异;平均种子宽最小的是Atl-08,仅为2.1 mm,其次是Atl-05,Atl-08与Atl-03、Atl-05、Atl-06和ITAO-38无显著差异,但与其他燕麦材料存在显著差异。综上所述,不同燕麦材料在各性状上存在较大差异,为筛选优异种质资源提供了重要参考。
燕麦光合特性与农艺性状的相关性分析(图1)表明,株高与旗叶面积呈显著负相关,且在灌浆期相关性最大,抽穗期相关性最小。株高与成熟期TrGs呈显著负相关,与成熟期Ci呈显著正相关。分蘖总数与旗叶面积呈显著负相关,在灌浆后期相关性最大,灌浆前期相关性最小。分蘖总数与Pn呈显著负相关,在灌浆前期相关性最大,灌浆后期相关性最小。除成熟期外,千粒重与SPAD值和旗叶面积呈显著正相关,在抽穗期相关性最大,灌浆后期相关性最小。千粒重与灌浆期TrGs呈显著正相关。千粒重与Pn呈显著正相关,在成熟期相关性最大,抽穗期和灌浆前期相关性最小。平均种子表面积与SPAD值呈显著正相关,在抽穗期和灌浆前期相关性最大;在成熟期时相关性最小。平均种子表面积与旗叶面积呈显著正相关,在灌浆前期相关性最大,抽穗期相关性最小。平均种子表面积与Pn呈显著正相关,在灌浆后期和成熟期相关性最大,灌浆前期相关性最小。除抽穗期外,平均种子表面积与其他3个生育期的TrGs呈显著正相关。平均种子周长和平均种子长与成熟期Ci呈显著正相关。平均种子宽与抽穗期和灌浆前期SPAD值呈显著正相关。平均种子宽与旗叶面积呈显著正相关,在灌浆前期相关性最大,抽穗期相关性最小。平均种子宽与Pn呈显著正相关,在灌浆后期和成熟期相关性最大,灌浆前期相关性最小。
光合作用为植物生长发育提供主要的能量和营养物质,不同植物或同种植物的不同品种在光合性能上可能存在显著差异,这些差异一方面由作物的遗传特性决定,另一方面则受到环境因素和栽培管理措施的多重影响[21]。杨学乐等[22]测定32个绿豆品种在花荚期的光合指标,发现不同品种在PnGsTrCi和水分利用效率等光合参数上均存在显著差异,且各参数之间的变异程度不同。罗海玲等[23]研究了野生和栽培苦瓜的光合特性,发现野生苦瓜的Pn高于栽培品种,二者的光合特性存在差异。本试验对野生燕麦和栽培燕麦的光合参数进行测定与分析,结果显示栽培燕麦的光合性能优于野生燕麦。这种差异可能是由于在不同生育期内,栽培燕麦的旗叶面积始终大于野生燕麦。旗叶作为穗下第一片叶,是进行光合作用并为籽粒提供干物质的主要器官。随着燕麦旗叶面积的增加,光合有效表面积扩大,叶绿素含量增加,进而提高了旗叶对CO2的同化能力,使燕麦的Pn上升。这一发现与黄琴等[24]的研究结果一致,即增大旗叶面积可提高小麦的Pn。因此,实际生产中优先选择旗叶面积较大的燕麦品种,有助于提高光能利用率,进而增加产量。变异系数反映离散程度,数值越大则离散程度越高[25-26]。野生燕麦的光合参数变异系数普遍高于栽培燕麦,表明其基因型多样性较高,遗传信息更加丰富,为优良种质筛选提供了有利条件。相比之下,栽培燕麦的光合特性在品种间差异较小,表现出相对稳定性。
Pn能够反映植物在单位时间内积累的干物质量。抽穗期作为植物生长发育的重要阶段,是产量形成的关键时期,也是植物由营养生长转向生殖生长的标志[27]。本试验结果显示,野生燕麦和栽培燕麦的Pn在抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期及成熟期逐渐递减,在抽穗期达到最高值,表明抽穗期光合作用可能为籽粒灌浆提供了充足的光合产物。但杨迎月[28]研究发现燕麦在灌浆期的Pn最高,与本研究结果存在差异,可能是由于燕麦品种或环境因素的差异所致。由于TrGs在4个生育期内与Pn的变化趋势一致,因此它们可能是影响Pn的主要因素。蒸腾作用不仅促进根系吸收的营养物质运输到植物各部位,也是光合作用的水分来源。Gs反映了作物叶片表面气孔的开放程度,是植物与环境进行气体交换和水分吸收的主要通道。项超等[29]发现在43个小麦品种中,旗叶PnTr在3个生育期内均呈正相关。赵姝丽等[30]研究发现,籼粳稻杂交后代的剑叶GsPn之间呈显著正相关,表明在4个生育期内,抽穗期Pn最高可能是由于燕麦较高的TrGs
植物的农艺性状与光合特性密切相关。千粒重是影响燕麦产量形成的关键因素之一[31]。本试验结果显示,千粒重在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期均与Pn、旗叶面积、SPAD值呈显著正相关,其中与成熟期Pn的相关性最强。表明Pn、旗叶面积和SPAD值均显著影响燕麦的千粒重,且成熟期Pn对千粒重的影响最为显著。因此,在实际生产中,提高成熟期的Pn对提升燕麦的粒重和产量具有重要意义。这一结果与汤军[32]在水稻中的研究结果不一致,可能是由于品种、试验条件和栽培措施等差异所致。株高与旗叶面积呈显著负相关,且在灌浆期的相关性最强,表明株高显著影响旗叶面积,株高越矮,旗叶面积越大。这一发现与刘筱颖等[33]和严俊等[34]的研究结果一致。
野生燕麦和栽培燕麦在光合特性和农艺性状上存在显著差异,野生燕麦的变异系数高于栽培燕麦,表明其基因型具有更高的多样性,相比之下,栽培燕麦的光合性能更强且更稳定。Pn、SPAD值和旗叶面积与千粒重、平均种子表面积呈显著正相关。野生群体中,Atl-11的光合特性和农艺性状最优;栽培群体中,ITAO-36的光合特性和农艺性状最优,二者均可作为优良种质资源。
  • 成都大学人才引进项目(2081923007)
  • 西昌市2023年度科技计划项目(2401258)
  • 横向技术开发(委托)项目(2402188)
  • 横向技术开发(委托)项目(2402033)
  • 国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系(CARS-07-B-1)
  • 四川麦类创新团队项目(SCCXTD- 2024-11)
  • 国家现代农业体系四川省杂粮创新团队
  • 四川省杰出青年科技项目(2024NSFJQ0058)
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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.021
  • 接收时间:2024-10-09
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-09
  • 修回日期:2024-12-10
基金
成都大学人才引进项目(2081923007)
西昌市2023年度科技计划项目(2401258)
横向技术开发(委托)项目(2402188)
横向技术开发(委托)项目(2402033)
国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系(CARS-07-B-1)
四川麦类创新团队项目(SCCXTD- 2024-11)
国家现代农业体系四川省杂粮创新团队
四川省杰出青年科技项目(2024NSFJQ0058)
作者信息
    1成都大学食品与生物工程学院/农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室/四川省杂粮产业化工程技术研究中心,610106,四川成都
    2西昌华富健生物科技有限公司,615000,四川西昌
    3凉山彝族自治州农业科学研究院,615000,四川西昌

通讯作者:

范昱,研究方向为荞麦和燕麦关键性状形成机理,E-mail:
王俊珍为共同通信作者,研究方向为燕麦的栽培生理,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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