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Article(id=1256541018682417604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734451200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-18, revisedDate=1743177600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512324257, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512324257, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512324256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512324256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=152, endPage=159, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541020234310103, articleId=1256541018682417604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Effects of No-tillage with Straw Mulching on Soil Aggregate Stability and Maize Yield in Semi-Arid Region, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issues of soil structure deterioration, decreased organic carbon content, and low maize yield caused by soil wind erosion in semi-arid aeolian sandy regions, a long-term field positioning experiment was conducted in Durbod Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province. Four treatments were established: rotary tillage with ridging (CK), no-tillage with straw mulching for one year (T1), continuous no-tillage with straw mulching for three years (T2), and continuous no-tillage with straw mulching for seven years (T3). The effects of each treatment on soil aggregate distribution characteristics, organic carbon accumulation, and maize yield across different soil layers were analyzed. The results showed that in the 0-30 cm soil layer, compared with the other treatments, the T3 treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density and significantly increased soil moisture content. Meanwhile, the T3 treatment enhanced the percentage of >0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, the organic carbon content, and the contribution rate within these aggregates, while also increasing the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter. No-tillage with straw mulching significantly increased maize yield, with the increase ranging from 14.98% to 39.54% compared with the CK treatment. In summary, no-tillage combined with straw mulching helps improve soil aggregate stability, the organic carbon content of aggregates across all size classes, and maize yield in semi-arid areas, with the T3 treatment yielding the best results.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoming Ma, Xiangkun Qi, Xue Tan, Mengyu Shi, Yufeng Wang, Jian Fu, Kejun Yang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256541035308638812, articleId=1256541018682417604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=CN, title=免耕秸秆覆盖对半干旱区土壤团聚体稳定性和玉米产量的影响, columnId=1256536352674427254, journalTitle=作物杂志, columnName=生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为解决半干旱区风沙土壤风蚀导致的土壤结构变差、有机碳含量下降及玉米低产等问题，于黑龙江省杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县进行长期田间定位试验，设置旋耕垄作（CK）、1年免耕秸秆覆盖还田（T1）、连续3年免耕秸秆覆盖还田（T2）和连续7年免耕秸秆覆盖还田（T3）4种处理，分析各处理对不同土层土壤团聚体分布特征、有机碳积累及玉米产量的影响。结果表明，在0~30 cm土层，相较于其他处理，T3处理下土壤容重明显降低，含水量则显著增高；同时，T3处理提高了>0.25 mm粒级水稳性团聚体百分比含量、有机碳含量及贡献率，并增大了平均重量直径和几何平均直径。免耕秸秆覆盖还田可显著提高玉米产量，与CK处理相比，各处理增幅在14.98%~39.54%。综上，免耕结合秸秆覆盖还田有助于提升半干旱区土壤团聚体稳定性、各粒级团聚体有机碳含量及玉米产量，其中T3处理效果最佳。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨克军，研究方向为寒地玉米产量品质与生理生态，E-mail：；
付健为共同通信作者，研究方向为玉米高产技术创新及农田土壤改良，E-mail：
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马小明，研究方向为寒地作物全程机械化优质高效生产，E-mail：

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马小明，研究方向为寒地作物全程机械化优质高效生产，E-mail：

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马小明，研究方向为寒地作物全程机械化优质高效生产，E-mail：

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language=EN, stringName=Yufeng Wang, firstName=Yufeng, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
2Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation Techniques and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1256541055906865984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, authorId=1256541052912132905, language=CN, stringName=王玉凤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，163319，黑龙江大庆
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Journal of Environmental Management, 2021,288:112391., articleTitle=Does continuous straw returning keep China farmland soil organic carbon continued increase?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541116111905277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=133, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=梁尧, 蔡红光, 杨丽, journalName=农业工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁尧, 蔡红光, 杨丽, 等. 玉米秸秆覆盖与深翻两种还田方式对黑土有机碳固持的影响. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(1):133-140., articleTitle=玉米秸秆覆盖与深翻两种还田方式对黑土有机碳固持的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541116275483137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=840, pageEnd=847, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=鲁悦, 鲍雪莲, 霍海南, journalName=植物营养与肥料学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鲁悦, 鲍雪莲, 霍海南, 等. 免耕条件下不同量秸秆覆盖还田提高东北黑土区玉米光合性能和产量的效应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5):840-847., articleTitle=免耕条件下不同量秸秆覆盖还田提高东北黑土区玉米光合性能和产量的效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541116355174918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=10, pageStart=90, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=马永财, 滕达, 衣淑娟, journalName=农业机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马永财, 滕达, 衣淑娟, 等. 秸秆覆盖还田及腐解率对土壤温湿度与玉米产量的影响. 农业机械学报, 2021, 52(10):90-99., articleTitle=秸秆覆盖还田及腐解率对土壤温湿度与玉米产量的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256541102492999948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, awardId=YQ2024C043, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江自然科学基金(YQ2024C043), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256541102857904404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省领军人才梯队后备带头人资助项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256541039100289670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541039171592840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, companyId=1256541039100289670, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541039188370057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, companyId=1256541039100289670, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，163319，黑龙江大庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256541039905596045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541040014647955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, companyId=1256541039905596045, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation Techniques and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256541040027230869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, companyId=1256541039905596045, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室，163319，黑龙江大庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256541086084882532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of soil aggregate content distribution in different particle size fractions under no-tillage with straw mulching and returning over different years

Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), the same below.

, figureFileSmall=7Fs25R6h5Yx7aCUCBtRJBA==, figureFileBig=6zrHG7YwNSid4jeF+eAZiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541087645163626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田下各粒级土壤团聚体含量分布的变化

不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05），下同。

, figureFileSmall=7Fs25R6h5Yx7aCUCBtRJBA==, figureFileBig=6zrHG7YwNSid4jeF+eAZiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541090254020737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes of soil MWD and GMD under no-tillage with straw mulching and returning over different years, figureFileSmall=YoByaeYhklKQHF2a4LNVjw==, figureFileBig=WJ635c+FS6H+PhCpCGpOrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541091956908168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田下土壤MWD和GMD的变化, figureFileSmall=YoByaeYhklKQHF2a4LNVjw==, figureFileBig=WJ635c+FS6H+PhCpCGpOrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541092791574676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Correlation between soil organic carbon content and MWD and GMD

“**”indicates extremely significant correlation at P < 0.01 level.

, figureFileSmall=NeHBjfWH1ijo9u63+tSyGQ==, figureFileBig=K0vC17f48/Wy3Z+y+1iGxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541093315862688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤有机碳含量与MWD和GMD的相关性

“**”表示在P < 0.01水平极显著相关。

, figureFileSmall=NeHBjfWH1ijo9u63+tSyGQ==, figureFileBig=K0vC17f48/Wy3Z+y+1iGxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541094184083630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Correlation between soil organic carbon content and maize yield

“*”indicates significant correlation at P < 0.05 level.

, figureFileSmall=vB1RayxB5M59+QUoPFmFZw==, figureFileBig=SMUZjC2YMS6SaetONKLa2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541094943252663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=图4, caption=土壤有机碳含量与玉米产量相关性

“*”表示在P < 0.05水平显著相关。

, figureFileSmall=vB1RayxB5M59+QUoPFmFZw==, figureFileBig=SMUZjC2YMS6SaetONKLa2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256541096616779968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Changes of soil bulk density and moisture content under no-tillage with straw mulching and returning over different years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度
Soil depth
(cm)		 处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk density
(g/cm3)		 含水量
Moisture
content (%)
0~10 CK 1.33±0.10a 12.01±0.27d
T1 1.32±0.03a 14.54±0.10c
T2 1.25±0.02b 17.19±1.01b
T3 1.10±0.02c 24.16±0.46a
10~20 CK 1.45±0.02a 8.56±0.35c
T1 1.50±0.02a 11.98±0.28b
T2 1.42±0.04a 13.85±0.07b
T3 1.26±0.01b 17.62±1.21a
20~30 CK 1.53±0.01a 6.48±0.31c
T1 1.52±0.01a 10.14±0.40b
T2 1.44±0.04b 12.44±0.65a
T3 1.38±0.01b 13.70±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541096981684424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田下土壤容重和含水量的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度
Soil depth
(cm)		 处理
Treatment		 容重
Bulk density
(g/cm3)		 含水量
Moisture
content (%)
0~10 CK 1.33±0.10a 12.01±0.27d
T1 1.32±0.03a 14.54±0.10c
T2 1.25±0.02b 17.19±1.01b
T3 1.10±0.02c 24.16±0.46a
10~20 CK 1.45±0.02a 8.56±0.35c
T1 1.50±0.02a 11.98±0.28b
T2 1.42±0.04a 13.85±0.07b
T3 1.26±0.01b 17.62±1.21a
20~30 CK 1.53±0.01a 6.48±0.31c
T1 1.52±0.01a 10.14±0.40b
T2 1.44±0.04b 12.44±0.65a
T3 1.38±0.01b 13.70±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541097468223698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes of organic carbon content in aggregates with different particle sizes under no-tillage with straw mulching and returning over different years g/kg

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 粒径Particle size (mm)
>5.00 (2.00,5.00] (1.00,2.00] (0.50,1.00] (0.25,0.50] ≤0.25
0~10 CK 15.38±0.51b 14.27±0.32c 14.10±0.39b 11.86±0.50b 9.89±0.26c 9.57±0.43c
T1 16.59±0.48b 15.98±0.69b 15.07±0.26b 15.30±1.07a 14.54±0.31b 13.14±0.50b
T2 18.27±0.61a 16.80±0.31b 15.23±0.56b 15.21±0.31a 14.63±0.24b 13.64±0.52b
T3 19.16±0.34a 18.59±0.55a 16.77±0.29a 16.34±0.53a 16.00±0.60a 15.37±0.48a
10~20 CK 12.63±0.46b 12.30±0.26b 10.84±0.50c 9.86±0.36c 9.75±0.32b 9.67±0.31b
T1 13.14±0.31b 12.48±0.35b 12.47±0.12b 11.57±0.27b 10.94±0.18a 10.55±0.61ab
T2 13.23±0.46b 13.22±0.35b 12.90±0.38b 11.84±0.46b 11.68±0.26a 11.26±0.52ab
T3 16.05±0.48a 15.79±0.57a 14.28±0.43a 13.59±0.50a 11.74±0.52a 11.54±0.43a
20~30 CK 10.71±0.51c 10.67±0.47b 10.36±0.45b 9.40±0.27b 9.38±0.31a 9.03±0.35b
T1 11.18±0.35bc 11.21±0.51b 11.10±0.70b 10.38±0.41b 9.51±0.43a 9.78±0.16ab
T2 12.11±0.21b 11.39±0.47b 11.15±0.71b 11.21±0.92b 10.63±0.54a 10.04±0.23ab
T3 15.02±0.42a 14.46±0.39a 13.90±0.35ab 13.16±0.47a 10.99±0.68a 10.51±0.48a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541098663600352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田下各粒径团聚体中有机碳含量的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 粒径Particle size (mm)
>5.00 (2.00,5.00] (1.00,2.00] (0.50,1.00] (0.25,0.50] ≤0.25
0~10 CK 15.38±0.51b 14.27±0.32c 14.10±0.39b 11.86±0.50b 9.89±0.26c 9.57±0.43c
T1 16.59±0.48b 15.98±0.69b 15.07±0.26b 15.30±1.07a 14.54±0.31b 13.14±0.50b
T2 18.27±0.61a 16.80±0.31b 15.23±0.56b 15.21±0.31a 14.63±0.24b 13.64±0.52b
T3 19.16±0.34a 18.59±0.55a 16.77±0.29a 16.34±0.53a 16.00±0.60a 15.37±0.48a
10~20 CK 12.63±0.46b 12.30±0.26b 10.84±0.50c 9.86±0.36c 9.75±0.32b 9.67±0.31b
T1 13.14±0.31b 12.48±0.35b 12.47±0.12b 11.57±0.27b 10.94±0.18a 10.55±0.61ab
T2 13.23±0.46b 13.22±0.35b 12.90±0.38b 11.84±0.46b 11.68±0.26a 11.26±0.52ab
T3 16.05±0.48a 15.79±0.57a 14.28±0.43a 13.59±0.50a 11.74±0.52a 11.54±0.43a
20~30 CK 10.71±0.51c 10.67±0.47b 10.36±0.45b 9.40±0.27b 9.38±0.31a 9.03±0.35b
T1 11.18±0.35bc 11.21±0.51b 11.10±0.70b 10.38±0.41b 9.51±0.43a 9.78±0.16ab
T2 12.11±0.21b 11.39±0.47b 11.15±0.71b 11.21±0.92b 10.63±0.54a 10.04±0.23ab
T3 15.02±0.42a 14.46±0.39a 13.90±0.35ab 13.16±0.47a 10.99±0.68a 10.51±0.48a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541100693643499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Contribution rate of organic carbon in soil aggregates of different particle sizes under no-tillage cover measures %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 粒径Particle size (mm)
>5.00 (2.00,5.00] (1.00,2.00] (0.50,1.00] (0.25,0.50] ≤0.25
0~10 CK 16.88±1.99b 11.16±0.45a 11.92±1.08a 15.52±0.89a 14.70±0.30b 29.03±1.84a
T1 18.24±1.58ab 10.22±1.68a 9.98±1.59a 16.29±1.56a 17.92±0.95a 27.46±1.85ab
T2 21.85±0.68a 10.37±0.93a 9.80±1.39a 16.11±0.42a 17.55±0.81a 23.68±0.77b
T3 22.25±0.69a 10.94±0.57a 9.94±0.72a 15.92±0.33a 17.81±0.80a 22.81±0.92b
10~20 CK 13.60±0.86c 9.17±1.29a 9.46±1.04a 13.60±1.41a 14.48±1.13a 38.32±2.74a
T1 17.12±1.35bc 9.13±0.63a 10.09±0.73a 14.95±0.76a 15.14±0.26a 34.22±2.35ab
T2 18.54±0.57ab 9.67±0.77a 9.97±0.33a 15.13±0.81a 16.23±1.03a 30.61±1.78bc
T3 21.67±1.65a 10.56±1.43a 10.07±0.75a 15.87±1.30a 15.34±0.88a 26.58±1.39c
20~30 CK 14.08±2.02c 8.45±0.23b 8.94±0.81a 14.60±1.04a 15.74±0.44a 37.89±2.60a
T1 16.69±1.49bc 8.90±0.64b 9.24±0.70a 15.96±0.45a 15.98±0.47a 33.39±2.25ab
T2 19.03±0.55ab 8.73±0.11b 8.87±0.75a 16.33±0.62a 17.26±1.77a 28.82±0.30bc
T3 22.98±0.79a 10.57±0.61a 10.32±0.71a 17.39±1.22a 16.41±1.14a 25.97±1.61c
), ArticleFig(id=1256541101184377076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田下各粒级土壤团聚体的有机碳贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 粒径Particle size (mm)
>5.00 (2.00,5.00] (1.00,2.00] (0.50,1.00] (0.25,0.50] ≤0.25
0~10 CK 16.88±1.99b 11.16±0.45a 11.92±1.08a 15.52±0.89a 14.70±0.30b 29.03±1.84a
T1 18.24±1.58ab 10.22±1.68a 9.98±1.59a 16.29±1.56a 17.92±0.95a 27.46±1.85ab
T2 21.85±0.68a 10.37±0.93a 9.80±1.39a 16.11±0.42a 17.55±0.81a 23.68±0.77b
T3 22.25±0.69a 10.94±0.57a 9.94±0.72a 15.92±0.33a 17.81±0.80a 22.81±0.92b
10~20 CK 13.60±0.86c 9.17±1.29a 9.46±1.04a 13.60±1.41a 14.48±1.13a 38.32±2.74a
T1 17.12±1.35bc 9.13±0.63a 10.09±0.73a 14.95±0.76a 15.14±0.26a 34.22±2.35ab
T2 18.54±0.57ab 9.67±0.77a 9.97±0.33a 15.13±0.81a 16.23±1.03a 30.61±1.78bc
T3 21.67±1.65a 10.56±1.43a 10.07±0.75a 15.87±1.30a 15.34±0.88a 26.58±1.39c
20~30 CK 14.08±2.02c 8.45±0.23b 8.94±0.81a 14.60±1.04a 15.74±0.44a 37.89±2.60a
T1 16.69±1.49bc 8.90±0.64b 9.24±0.70a 15.96±0.45a 15.98±0.47a 33.39±2.25ab
T2 19.03±0.55ab 8.73±0.11b 8.87±0.75a 16.33±0.62a 17.26±1.77a 28.82±0.30bc
T3 22.98±0.79a 10.57±0.61a 10.32±0.71a 17.39±1.22a 16.41±1.14a 25.97±1.61c
), ArticleFig(id=1256541101540892925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Maize yield and its components under no-tillage with straw mulching and returning over different years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 穗行数
Kernel row number		 行粒数
Grains per row		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 含水量
Moisture content (%)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
CK 18.35±0.24d 14.00±1.15a 31.00±1.52b 32.57±0.09a 29.80±0.18ab 10 183.45±292.62c
T1 19.41±0.34c 14.00±0.67a 36.00±2.00a 33.15±0.14a 30.27±0.29b 10 894.41±393.46bc
T2 20.41±0.22b 16.00±1.15a 34.00±1.52ab 33.39±0.04a 27.97±0.76a 11 921.39±536.32ab
T3 21.96±0.38a 16.00±1.15a 37.00±2.00a 33.44±0.19a 29.27±0.69ab 12 993.62±328.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1256541101880631561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541018682417604, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田下玉米产量及其构成因素

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处理
Treatment		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 穗行数
Kernel row number		 行粒数
Grains per row		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 含水量
Moisture content (%)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
CK 18.35±0.24d 14.00±1.15a 31.00±1.52b 32.57±0.09a 29.80±0.18ab 10 183.45±292.62c
T1 19.41±0.34c 14.00±0.67a 36.00±2.00a 33.15±0.14a 30.27±0.29b 10 894.41±393.46bc
T2 20.41±0.22b 16.00±1.15a 34.00±1.52ab 33.39±0.04a 27.97±0.76a 11 921.39±536.32ab
T3 21.96±0.38a 16.00±1.15a 37.00±2.00a 33.44±0.19a 29.27±0.69ab 12 993.62±328.17a
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免耕秸秆覆盖对半干旱区土壤团聚体稳定性和玉米产量的影响
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马小明 1 , 齐翔鲲 1 , 谭雪 1 , 史孟豫 1 , 王玉凤 1, 2 , 付健 1, 2 , 杨克军 1, 2
作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026,42(1): 152-159
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作物杂志 | 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 2026, 42(1): 152-159
免耕秸秆覆盖对半干旱区土壤团聚体稳定性和玉米产量的影响
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马小明1 , 齐翔鲲1, 谭雪1, 史孟豫1, 王玉凤1, 2, 付健1, 2 , 杨克军1, 2
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，163319，黑龙江大庆
  • 2黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室，163319，黑龙江大庆

    • 马小明，研究方向为寒地作物全程机械化优质高效生产，E-mail：

通讯作者:

杨克军，研究方向为寒地玉米产量品质与生理生态，E-mail：；
付健为共同通信作者，研究方向为玉米高产技术创新及农田土壤改良，E-mail：
Effects of No-tillage with Straw Mulching on Soil Aggregate Stability and Maize Yield in Semi-Arid Region
Xiaoming Ma1 , Xiangkun Qi1, Xue Tan1, Mengyu Shi1, Yufeng Wang1, 2, Jian Fu1, 2 , Kejun Yang1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • 2Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation Techniques and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.019
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摘要
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为解决半干旱区风沙土壤风蚀导致的土壤结构变差、有机碳含量下降及玉米低产等问题，于黑龙江省杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县进行长期田间定位试验，设置旋耕垄作（CK）、1年免耕秸秆覆盖还田（T1）、连续3年免耕秸秆覆盖还田（T2）和连续7年免耕秸秆覆盖还田（T3）4种处理，分析各处理对不同土层土壤团聚体分布特征、有机碳积累及玉米产量的影响。结果表明，在0~30 cm土层，相较于其他处理，T3处理下土壤容重明显降低，含水量则显著增高；同时，T3处理提高了>0.25 mm粒级水稳性团聚体百分比含量、有机碳含量及贡献率，并增大了平均重量直径和几何平均直径。免耕秸秆覆盖还田可显著提高玉米产量，与CK处理相比，各处理增幅在14.98%~39.54%。综上，免耕结合秸秆覆盖还田有助于提升半干旱区土壤团聚体稳定性、各粒级团聚体有机碳含量及玉米产量，其中T3处理效果最佳。
玉米  /  免耕秸秆覆盖  /  土壤团聚体  /  有机碳  /  平均重量直径  /  几何平均直径  /  产量

To address the issues of soil structure deterioration, decreased organic carbon content, and low maize yield caused by soil wind erosion in semi-arid aeolian sandy regions, a long-term field positioning experiment was conducted in Durbod Mongolian Autonomous County, Heilongjiang Province. Four treatments were established: rotary tillage with ridging (CK), no-tillage with straw mulching for one year (T1), continuous no-tillage with straw mulching for three years (T2), and continuous no-tillage with straw mulching for seven years (T3). The effects of each treatment on soil aggregate distribution characteristics, organic carbon accumulation, and maize yield across different soil layers were analyzed. The results showed that in the 0-30 cm soil layer, compared with the other treatments, the T3 treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density and significantly increased soil moisture content. Meanwhile, the T3 treatment enhanced the percentage of >0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, the organic carbon content, and the contribution rate within these aggregates, while also increasing the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter. No-tillage with straw mulching significantly increased maize yield, with the increase ranging from 14.98% to 39.54% compared with the CK treatment. In summary, no-tillage combined with straw mulching helps improve soil aggregate stability, the organic carbon content of aggregates across all size classes, and maize yield in semi-arid areas, with the T3 treatment yielding the best results.

Maize  /  No-tillage with straw mulching  /  Soil aggregate  /  Organic carbon  /  Mean weight diameter  /  Geometric mean diameter  /  Yield
马小明, 齐翔鲲, 谭雪, 史孟豫, 王玉凤, 付健, 杨克军. 免耕秸秆覆盖对半干旱区土壤团聚体稳定性和玉米产量的影响. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 152 -159 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.019
Xiaoming Ma, Xiangkun Qi, Xue Tan, Mengyu Shi, Yufeng Wang, Jian Fu, Kejun Yang. Effects of No-tillage with Straw Mulching on Soil Aggregate Stability and Maize Yield in Semi-Arid Region[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 152 -159 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.019
正文
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黑龙江西部半干旱区土壤类型为典型的风沙土壤，受冬春季节大风天气影响，该地干燥疏松的土壤表层易遭受强烈的风蚀作用[1]。土壤风蚀是引发水土流失、导致土壤变薄、加剧土壤退化及造成粮食减产的重要原因之一[2]。土壤团聚体作为土壤结构的组成单元，对土壤结构与养分状况具有重要影响，其稳定性是衡量土壤结构稳定性的关键指标[3]。其中，水稳定性团聚体是决定土壤抗风蚀能力的关键因素。土壤团聚体的稳定不仅有助于减少水土流失、降低土壤养分损耗，还能提升土壤固碳能力，而团聚体的形成和稳定与土壤有机碳密切相关[4-5]。土壤有机碳是土壤的重要组成部分，对土壤肥力起决定性作用，对维持土壤生产力至关重要[6]。土壤团聚体与有机碳相互作用，团聚体为有机碳的形成与转化提供载体；有机碳则作为胶结物质，通过吸附作用增强土粒间的团聚性，进而提升团粒结构的稳定性[7-8]。
作物秸秆是重要的可再生资源，还田是其合理利用的有效途径[9]。免耕结合秸秆覆盖还田措施影响了土壤团聚体的分布及有机碳的积累[10]。免耕措施减少了对土壤团聚体的扰动，从而增强了大团聚体对有机碳的保护作用[11-13]。同时，秸秆覆盖还田可显著提高土壤中大团聚体比例与团聚体稳定性，增加耕层土壤有机碳含量[14]。研究[15]发现不同年限的免耕秸秆覆盖处理均能提升土壤有机碳含量与玉米产量，且随还田年限的延长而递增。另有研究[16]表明，免耕秸秆覆盖可增加土壤表层>0.25 mm的团聚体数量与有机质含量，进而改善土壤结构的稳定性。
为降低土壤风蚀，明确黑龙江省半干旱地区在免耕秸秆覆盖还田条件下土壤结构稳定性的变化特征，本研究设置不同免耕秸秆覆盖还田年限的田间定位试验，通过分析不同处理下0~30 cm土层土壤容重、含水量、土壤团聚体分布以及团聚体有机碳含量的变化规律，旨在为改善该地区农田土壤质量以及促进玉米增产提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 试验地概况
试验于黑龙江省大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县（45.53°~47.87° N，123.45°~124.42° E）进行，平均海拔152 m，属温带季风气候。年均气温3.6~ 4.4 ℃，年均日照2852 h，年均降水量400 mm，无霜期158 d，处于第一积温带，全年有效积温可达2800~2900 ℃。该地为典型的西部半干旱区，土壤类型为风沙土，0~30 cm耕层土壤基础肥力为有机质25.60 g/kg、全氮1.03 g/kg、碱解氮44.60 mg/kg、速效磷19.04 mg/kg、速效钾178.42 mg/kg。粮食作物主要以玉米为主，熟制为一年一熟，种植密度6.75万株/hm2，田间管理同当地管理。
1.2 试验设计
以当地主栽玉米品种美豫815为供试材料开展田间定位试验，设置4个处理：1年免耕秸秆覆盖还田处理，开始于2022年秋收后（T1）；连续3年免耕秸秆覆盖还田处理，开始于2020年秋收后（T2）；连续7年免耕秸秆覆盖还田处理，开始于2016年秋收后（T3）；常规旋耕垄为对照（CK）。T1、T2和T3在处理开始后均为连年秸秆覆盖还田。于2023年统一进行取样。
1.3 测定指标与方法
1.3.1 土壤样品采集
于2023年玉米完熟期，每小区随机取多个点混合，采集0~10、10~20和20~30 cm 3个土层原状土放入塑料取样盒，除去采集土壤样品中的植物残体和石块等其他杂物。带回实验室后，在通风干燥处自然风干。
1.3.2 土壤团聚体结构
参照Elliott[17]的土壤团聚体湿筛法，采用LBF-100土壤团粒结构分析仪（杭州绿博仪器有限公司）分析土壤团聚体结构，将自然风干后的土壤样品掰成直径约为1 cm的团块，随机取200 g样品分别放入孔径大小为5.00、2.00、1.00、0.50和0.25 mm的团粒结构分析仪套筛，浸泡15 min后上下振动15 min，收集各筛层土壤分别转移至铝盒中，60 ℃烘干至恒重，称量烘干后各粒级团聚体质量，每个样品3次重复。对烘干后的各粒级团聚体研磨过筛，以测定各粒级团聚体的有机碳含量。
计算各粒级水稳性土壤团聚体百分比含量（Wi），公式[18]为：
$W_{i}(\%)=M_{i} / M \times 100$
式中，Mi表示第i级团聚体的质量（g）；M表示测定土壤团聚体的总质量（g）。
计算各土样平均重量直径（mean weight diameter，MWD）和几何平均重量直径（geometric mean diameter，GWD），公式[19]为：
$M W D(\mathrm{~mm})=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(W_{i} X_{i}\right)}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} W_{i}}$
$G W D(\mathrm{~mm})=\exp \left(\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(W_{i} \ln X_{i}\right)}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} W_{i}}\right)$
式中，Xi表示聚集在每个尺寸筛子的土壤团聚体平均直径（mm）；Wi表示该粒径范围内土壤团聚体的百分比含量（%）；n表示分离出的团聚体份数；i表示第i个团聚体。
计算各粒级土壤水稳性团聚体有机碳贡献率Y，公式[20]为：
$Y(\%)=\frac{C_{i}}{C_{w}} W_{i} \times 100$
式中，Ci表示该粒级团聚体中有机碳含量（g/kg）；Cw表示土壤中有机碳含量（g/kg）；Wi为该粒级团聚体含量（%）。
1.3.3 土壤容重
采用环刀法[21]测定土壤容重，用容积为100 cm3的环刀在取样点分层取原状土样，每小区取样土层依次为0~10、10~20和20~30 cm，3次重复。
1.3.4 土壤水分含量
采用铝盒烘干称重法[21]测定土壤水分含量，用土钻按取样土层取土样，分装到铝盒中，就地称量，3次重复，带回实验室烘干后进行称量计算。
1.3.5 产量及其构成因素
于玉米成熟期，随机从每个大区选取3个样点，从每个样点中间选取2行（长5 m），收获全部果穗，对株数和果穗数进行计数，测量果穗行数、行粒数和百粒重，采用PM8818水分测定仪（北京和信昌吉科技发展有限公司）测定其含水量，折算出实际产量。
1.4 数据处理
采用Microsoft Excel 2013软件对试验数据进行整理，采用SPSS 29.0软件进行方差分析，采用Origin 2021软件绘图。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田的土壤容重和含水量
如表1所示，各处理土壤容重随土层加深而增大。在0~10 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T2和T3处理土壤容重显著降低，T1处理差异不显著，T3、T2和T1处理降低幅度分别为17.29%、6.01%和0.75%；在10~20 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T3处理容重显著降低13.10%，T1处理升高3.45%；在20~30 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理容重降低幅度分别为9.80%、5.88%和0.65%。各处理不同土层土壤含水量表现为T3>T2>T1>CK，含水量随土层加深而降低。在0~10 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理增幅分别为101.16%、43.13%和21.06%。在0~10 cm土层，各处理含水量较10~20 cm土层升高了21.36%~ 40.30%；在20~30 cm土层，各处理含水量明显低于0~20 cm土层。
2.2 不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田的各粒级土壤水稳性团聚体含量
由图1可知，在0~10 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理明显提高了>0.25 mm粒级水稳性团聚体含量，平均增幅分别为16.08%、13.20%和8.18%。在10~20 cm土层，T3处理>0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量最高，较CK处理升高了18.63%；与CK处理相比，各处理>0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量均有所升高。与10~20 cm土层相比，20~30 cm土层各处理>0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量有所提高；且各处理间均以T3处理最高，与T2、T1和CK处理相比平均增幅分别为2.61%、7.81%和17.71%。在0~30 cm土层，CK处理≤0.25 mm粒级小团聚体含量显著高于T3和T2处理，平均增幅分别为37.18%和27.22%。
2.3 不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田的各粒级团聚体有机碳含量
各处理土壤团聚体有机碳含量随土层的加深而降低（表2）。在0~30 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理团聚体有机碳含量均有所提升，以T3处理最高。与CK处理相比，T3处理在0~10、10~20和20~30 cm土层增幅分别为36.17%、27.57%和31.04%。在0~30 cm土层，各粒级团聚体有机碳含量由多到少依次为>5.00、(2.00,5.00]、(1.00,2.00]、(0.50,1.00]、(0.25,0.50]和≤0.25 mm粒级，且各处理团聚体有机碳含量均以>5 mm粒级为最高。在0~10 cm土层，T3、T2和T1处理>5 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量与CK处理相比，增幅分别为24.57%、18.79%和7.86%。在10~20 cm土层，T3处理各粒级团聚体有机碳含量与T2、T1和CK处理相比增幅分别为13.64%、17.90%和29.01%。
2.4 不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田的各粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率
在0~30 cm土层，各处理团聚体有机碳贡献率为T3>T2>T1>CK（表3）。在0~10 cm土层，T3处理>5.00 mm和(0.25,0.50] mm粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率显著高于CK处理，增幅分别为31.81%和21.16%。在10~20 cm土层，T3处理>0.25 mm粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率高于T2、T1和CK处理，增幅分别为5.70%、10.65%和21.88%。在20~30 cm土层，T3、T2和T1处理>0.25 mm粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率与CK处理相比均有所增加，增幅分别为25.65%、13.60%和8.02%；T3处理>5.00 mm团聚体有机碳贡献率增幅最高，与CK处理相比增幅为63.21%。在0~30 cm土层，各处理≤0.25 mm团聚体有机碳贡献率均为CK>T1>T2>T3，处理间存在显著差异。
2.5 不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田对土壤MWD和GMD的影响
土壤团聚体的稳定性可用MWD和GMD指标表示，大团聚体的含量占比越多，MWD和GMD指标值越大，土壤团聚体稳定性越高，其中土壤表层MWD和GMD值较高（图2）。在0~10 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理MWD明显升高，增幅分别为26.08%、21.73%和13.04%。在10~20cm土层，各处理MWD较0~10 cm土层降低了7.40%~11.29%；且与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理的MWD显著升高，增幅分别为28.57%、23.80%和14.28%。在20~30 cm土层，各处理MWD较10~20cm土层升高了1.25%~4.84%。各处理GMD值在0.79~0.95，在0~10 cm土层，与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理GMD显著升高，增幅分别为13.09%、10.71%和7.14%；在10~20 cm土层，T3、T2和T1处理较CK处理GMD升高了12.50%、11.25%和6.25%；在20~30 cm土层，与CK处理相比，各处理GMD升高了6.25%~13.75%。
2.6 土壤有机碳含量与MWD和GMD的线性相关性分析
由图3可知，在本试验条件下，土壤有机碳含量与团聚体MWD呈线性正相关关系，达极显著（R2=0.688），表明二者之间存在相互促进作用，即土壤有机碳含量增加有利于MWD提高。土壤有机碳含量与GMD也呈线性正相关关系，达极显著水平（R2=0.751），表明二者之间相互促进，有机碳含量增加利于GMD提高。
2.7 不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田的玉米产量及其构成因素
如表4所示，与CK处理相比，各免耕覆盖处理对玉米产量及其构成因素有明显的促进作用。与CK处理相比，各免耕覆盖处理显著提高了穗长，但各处理的穗行数和百粒重差异不显著。T3和T1处理的行粒数显著高于CK处理，T2处理的含水量显著高于T1处理。与CK处理相比，T3、T2和T1处理玉米产量增幅分别为27.59%、17.06%和6.98%。土壤团聚体有机碳含量与玉米产量的关系如图4所示，二者之间的关系密切，存在显著相关关系（R2=0.682），表明土壤有机碳含量增加有利于玉米增产。
3 讨论
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3.1 免耕秸秆覆盖还田下的土壤容重和含水量
免耕秸秆覆盖能够极大程度减少土壤风蚀与地表扰动，玉米秸秆覆盖于土壤表层，可拦截太阳辐射，降低土壤水分流失，进而最大限度维持土壤含水量。此外，秸秆覆盖还田后在耕层表面腐解，可增加表层土壤有机质，改善土壤理化性状，降低土壤容重[22]。本研究结果显示，相较于CK处理，7年免耕覆盖还田处理可显著降低0~30 cm土壤容重，这与张兴义等[23]的结论相似。可能由于长期免耕秸秆覆盖改善了土壤团聚结构，有利于土壤微生物数量增加，进而疏松土壤、降低土壤容重[24]。但Wang等[25]研究发现免耕秸秆覆盖会显著增加土壤容重；张贵云等[26]研究表明，免耕秸秆覆盖能降低0~10 cm土层土壤容重，却提高了10~20 cm土层土壤容重，这可能与当地土壤类型差异有关。本研究发现，免耕秸秆覆盖还田可提高0~20 cm土层土壤含水量，与郑洪兵等[27]的研究结果相似，说明免耕秸秆覆盖对表层土壤保水效果明显，能够增加土壤含水量，维持良好的土壤持水性。
3.2 免耕秸秆覆盖还田下土壤团聚体粒级的分布特征
土壤团粒结构是土壤肥力的物质基础，土壤团聚体稳定性是评价土壤质量的有效指标，其组成与稳定性直接影响土壤风蚀，同时，团聚体的组成与有机碳含量紧密相关，有机碳含量下降会造成土壤退化和风蚀[28-29]。本研究结果显示，免耕秸秆覆盖还田提高了0~30 cm土层中大团聚体（>0.25 mm）粒径的占比，这与闫雷等[30]的研究结果类似，良好的土壤团聚体结构有助于提升土壤肥力。不同年限的免耕覆盖还田对土壤大团聚体形成的作用存在差异，本研究发现还田时间越长，效果越明显，免耕秸秆覆盖还田时间为3年和7年时，0~30 cm土层中>5.00 mm粒级团聚体含量显著增加，MWD和GMD也得到提高，这与朱雪峰等[31]的研究结果较为相似。且MWD和GMD随还田年限延长呈逐步上升趋势，这可能由于免耕措施仅对表层土壤部分土面产生一定的扰动，对土壤结构影响较小，有效减少了对土壤大团聚体结构的破坏。同时，秸秆还田改善了土壤中微生物的栖息环境，增加了微生物数量，微生物分解混入土层的秸秆，产生多糖等物质，促进土壤颗粒黏结，有利于≤0.25 mm小团聚体向更大粒径转变，形成大团聚体，大团聚体含量越高，MWD和GMD值越大[32-33]。本研究发现，0~10 cm土层的团聚体占比、MWD和GMD均高于10~30 cm土层，这可能是由于秸秆覆盖在表层，腐解后养分直接输入表层土壤，有利于提高微生物活性，进而增加大团聚体数量；各处理则整体表现为T3>T2>T1>CK，表明长时间免耕覆盖还田处理比短时间处理能更长期稳定地促进土壤团聚体含量和稳定性的提升，且还田年限越长效果越佳。
3.3 免耕秸秆覆盖对团聚体有机碳积累和贡献率的影响
土壤有机碳含量与水稳性团粒结构的形成及稳定性紧密相关，免耕秸秆覆盖有助于大团聚体有机碳的积累[34]。本研究中，大团聚体（>0.25 mm）的有机碳含量占比明显高于小团聚体（≤0.25 mm）；0~10 cm土层的有机碳含量明显高于10~30 cm土层，这与胡宁等[35]的研究结果相似。这可能由于免耕秸秆覆盖措施最大程度降低了对土壤的扰动，显著增加了表层土壤大团聚体含量，进而大幅提高了土壤表层有机碳储量，但对深层土壤有机碳含量的影响较小[36]。不同粒径土壤团聚体的有机碳贮存规律存在差异，Cheng等[37]研究发现有机碳含量随团聚体粒径增大而增加，而李景等[38]则表明并非团聚体粒径越大越有利于土壤有机碳固存。本研究中，各处理下团聚体有机碳含量主要集中在>5 mm粒级，较≤0.25 mm粒级提高了29.36%。土壤团聚体有机碳贡献率由团聚体百分比含量和该团聚体有机碳含量共同决定。与不还田处理（CK）相比，T3处理通过增加>5 mm团聚体的百分比含量，提高了>5 mm粒级的有机碳贡献率，同时降低了≤0.25 mm粒级的有机碳贡献率。
3.4 不同年限免耕秸秆覆盖还田对玉米产量的影响
研究[39-40]发现，覆盖还田可增加土壤有机碳含量及其他营养物质，显著提升大团聚体的比例与稳定性，为作物生长提供充足养料。本研究结果显示，与CK处理相比，T3处理下玉米产量显著增加，增幅达27.59%，表明玉米产量随免耕秸秆覆盖还田时间的延长而增加。这可能由于免耕秸秆覆盖还田通过改善作物的光合性能，提高了土壤水分利用效率，为根系生长提供了丰富养分，增加了玉米根系生长所需的营养物质，进而促进玉米根系生长、数量增多以及分布空间扩大，最终提高了玉米产量[41-42]。
4 结论
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免耕结合秸秆覆盖还田措施可显著降低表层土壤容重、提升土壤含水量，且秸秆覆盖还田时间越长效果越好。免耕覆盖可提高>0.25 mm各粒级水稳性团聚体的百分比含量，促进土壤团聚体的形成与稳定，提高团聚体有机碳含量及其贡献率，增强土壤MWD和GMD的稳定性。与旋耕垄作相比，各处理均能提高玉米产量，7年免耕覆盖还田处理提升幅度最大。综上，免耕秸秆覆盖还田措施可有效改良土壤质量，对玉米增产具有积极作用，且玉米产量随免耕覆盖还田时间延长而增加。
基金
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  • 黑龙江自然科学基金(YQ2024C043)
  • 黑龙江省领军人才梯队后备带头人资助项目
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.019
  • 接收时间：2024-12-18
  • 首发时间：2026-04-30
  • 出版时间：2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-18
  • 修回日期：2025-03-29
基金
黑龙江自然科学基金(YQ2024C043)
黑龙江省领军人才梯队后备带头人资助项目
作者信息
    1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，163319，黑龙江大庆
    2黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室，163319，黑龙江大庆

通讯作者:

杨克军，研究方向为寒地玉米产量品质与生理生态，E-mail：；
付健为共同通信作者，研究方向为玉米高产技术创新及农田土壤改良，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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