Article(id=1256541021341663830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723219200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-10, revisedDate=1728576000000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777512324891, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512324891, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512324891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512324891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256541004312731999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='270', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512320831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512485032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541693206213337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541693210407642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, issueId=1256541004312731999, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=47, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256541022931305066, articleId=1256541021341663830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, language=EN, title=Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis of Main Traits in Core Parents of Sorghum for Spring-Sown Early-Maturing Regions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Crops, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The combining ability and heterosis of sorghum sterile line and restorer line in spring-sown early maturing regions were studied to provide theoretical basis for the parent selection of sorghum hybrid combinations in the future. Using 31 sorghum as parent materials, 206 hybrid combinations were prepared by incomplete diallel cross design, and 13 main traits including plant height, panicle length and combining ability and heterosis of parents and their hybrid F1 were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in various traits between the sterile and restorer lines of sorghum, and the combining ability of different materials was significantly different. Among the 31 materials, Ji 64A, SX44A, Ji 5535A, Ji 5575A, HLS×125×2999, HLS Zao and Ji R4334 had more advantages in plant height, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, yield, penultimate leaf angle, penultimate width, and antepenultimate leaf angle, etc. The general combining ability of other traits was also excellent, so the six materials were ideal parents. There was a large heterosis utilization potential in the hybrid combination, but the mid-parent heterosis was not prominent. Meanwhile, the yield of the hybrid combination was affected by both additive and non-additive effects. To select excellent parents attention should be paid to the comprehensive traits and general combining ability of the parents, as well as the special combining ability and the complementary effect of the parents.

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通过对春播早熟区高粱不育系和恢复系的配合力以及杂种优势的研究,为高粱杂交组合亲本选配提供理论依据。以31份高粱为亲本材料,采用不完全双列杂交设计配制206个杂交组合,分析亲本及其杂交种F1代株高、穗长等13个主要性状配合力及杂种优势。结果显示高粱不育系和恢复系各性状存在显著差异,不同材料间的配合力差异较大。在31份材料中,冀64A、SX44A、吉5535A、吉5575A、HLS×125×2999、HLS早和吉R4334这6个亲本在株高、穗长、穗粒重、产量、倒2叶夹角、倒2叶宽和倒3叶夹角等方面更具优势,且其他性状的一般配合力也表现较为优异,是较为理想的亲本材料。在杂交组合中存在较大的杂种优势利用潜力,但中亲优势不突出,与此同时,杂交组合的产量既受加性效应影响又受非加性效应影响。选育优良亲本不仅需重视亲本综合性状和一般配合力,还应关注其组合的特殊配合力和双亲的优势互补效应。

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祁宏英,研究方向为园艺植物遗传育种,E-mail:
陈冰嬬为共同通信作者,研究方向为高粱种质资源与遗传育种,E-mail:
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刘晓涵,研究方向为高粱遗传育种,E-mail:

唐玉劼为共同第一作者,研究方向为高粱抗逆育种及栽培,E-mail:

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journalName=作物杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙远涛, 龙文靖, 刘天朋, . 12个糯高粱亲本的主要性状配合力及相关性分析. 作物杂志, 2024(6):84-90., articleTitle=12个糯高粱亲本的主要性状配合力及相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541114186777092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=82, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=谢芳腾, 刘海平, 张红林, journalName=种子, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢芳腾, 刘海平, 张红林, . 新质源两系杂交早稻10个性状的配合力及遗传力分析. 种子, 2022, 41(2):82-86,92., articleTitle=新质源两系杂交早稻10个性状的配合力及遗传力分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541114383909386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=24, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=桑晓慧, 陈伟, 赵云雷, journalName=棉花科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=桑晓慧, 陈伟, 赵云雷, . 陆地棉16份材料配组的产量和纤维品质性状配合力分析. 棉花科学, 2021, 43(4):24-31., articleTitle=陆地棉16份材料配组的产量和纤维品质性状配合力分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541114908197392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.s.20230707.1125.012.html, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=孙远涛, 刘天朋, 龙文靖, journalName=11个糯高粱亲本主要农艺性状的配合力及遗传力分析. 分子植物育种, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙远涛, 刘天朋, 龙文靖, . 11个糯高粱亲本主要农艺性状的配合力及遗传力分析. 分子植物育种. (2023-07-10)[2024- 08-10]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.s.20230707.1125.012.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541115247936024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=71, issue=2, pageStart=835, pageEnd=850, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Medraoui L, Rabeh K, Ater M, journalName=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Medraoui L, Rabeh K, Ater M, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landraces from northwestern Morocco using ISSR and AFLP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2024, 71(2):835-850., articleTitle=Genetic diversity analysis of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landraces from northwestern Morocco using ISSR and AFLP markers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541115633811997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=175, pageEnd=184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Degu E, Debello A, Belete K, journalName=Acta Agronomica Hungarica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Degu E, Debello A, Belete K. Combining ability study for grain yield and yield-related traits of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Ethiopia. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 2009,57:175-184., articleTitle=Combining ability study for grain yield and yield-related traits of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Ethiopia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541115851915817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=4, issue=4, pageStart=383, pageEnd=391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Toure A, Miller F R, Rosenow D T, journalName=African Crop Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Toure A, Miller F R, Rosenow D T. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield components in guinea sorghums. African Crop Science Journal, 1996, 4(4):383-391., articleTitle=Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield components in guinea sorghums, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541116111962671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=16, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=孙贵荒, 陈悦, 杨晓光, journalName=辽宁农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙贵荒, 陈悦, 杨晓光, . 高粱产量、株高和穗长的遗传研究. 辽宁农业科学, 1995(3):16-20., articleTitle=高粱产量、株高和穗长的遗传研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256541116468478521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=36, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=肖继兵, 刘志, 孔凡信, journalName=作物杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖继兵, 刘志, 孔凡信, . 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Parent materials and pedigree for this test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Number
种质名称
Germplasm
name
种质类型
Germplasm
type
系谱
Genealogy
1 吉H129A 不育系 B35×吉1230B
2 吉1230A 不育系 (TX3197B×矬1B)×黑30B
3 314A 不育系 TX3197B×库班红
4 吉303A 不育系 97101B×2055B
5 吉115A 不育系 哲15B×2055B
6 63A 不育系 铁97101B×外引材料
7 Y324A 不育系 晋长早B×外引材料
8 QL33A 不育系 澳大利亚引进
9 冀64A 不育系 407B×1243B
10 吉245A 不育系 哲15B×2055B
11 吉5522A 不育系 MS22B×2055B
12 吉2055A 不育系 314B×A2V4B
13 吉5535A 不育系 406B×ICS-34B
14 吉5575A 不育系 2055B×7050B
15 463A 不育系 2055B×晋长早B
16 SX44A 不育系 (V4B×F4B)×V4B
17 HLS×125×2999 恢复系 HLSZ×(10125×2999)
18 HLS早 恢复系 外引材料
19 吉R2115 恢复系 南133×10125
20 5933 恢复系 5903×三尺三
21 10125 恢复系 南133×吉R105×9060
22 吉R107 恢复系 亨加利高粱后代319-4×304-4
23
吉R109
恢复系
HM65(晋粱5/三尺三/沈409×
八52×渤1×晋2)×1105B
24 吉R117 恢复系 LR9198天然变异株
25 吉R127 恢复系 吉R117×吉R5062
26 南133 恢复系 忻粱52×VI494
27 南133×125 恢复系 南133×125
28 吉R2483 恢复系 吉R107×2999
29 吉R4334 恢复系 (吉R123×南133)×9060
30 吉R4392 恢复系 吉R2115×10125
31 吉K1781R 恢复系 Y304×吉R2115
), ArticleFig(id=1256541087632638174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试亲本材料及系谱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Number
种质名称
Germplasm
name
种质类型
Germplasm
type
系谱
Genealogy
1 吉H129A 不育系 B35×吉1230B
2 吉1230A 不育系 (TX3197B×矬1B)×黑30B
3 314A 不育系 TX3197B×库班红
4 吉303A 不育系 97101B×2055B
5 吉115A 不育系 哲15B×2055B
6 63A 不育系 铁97101B×外引材料
7 Y324A 不育系 晋长早B×外引材料
8 QL33A 不育系 澳大利亚引进
9 冀64A 不育系 407B×1243B
10 吉245A 不育系 哲15B×2055B
11 吉5522A 不育系 MS22B×2055B
12 吉2055A 不育系 314B×A2V4B
13 吉5535A 不育系 406B×ICS-34B
14 吉5575A 不育系 2055B×7050B
15 463A 不育系 2055B×晋长早B
16 SX44A 不育系 (V4B×F4B)×V4B
17 HLS×125×2999 恢复系 HLSZ×(10125×2999)
18 HLS早 恢复系 外引材料
19 吉R2115 恢复系 南133×10125
20 5933 恢复系 5903×三尺三
21 10125 恢复系 南133×吉R105×9060
22 吉R107 恢复系 亨加利高粱后代319-4×304-4
23
吉R109
恢复系
HM65(晋粱5/三尺三/沈409×
八52×渤1×晋2)×1105B
24 吉R117 恢复系 LR9198天然变异株
25 吉R127 恢复系 吉R117×吉R5062
26 南133 恢复系 忻粱52×VI494
27 南133×125 恢复系 南133×125
28 吉R2483 恢复系 吉R107×2999
29 吉R4334 恢复系 (吉R123×南133)×9060
30 吉R4392 恢复系 吉R2115×10125
31 吉K1781R 恢复系 Y304×吉R2115
), ArticleFig(id=1256541087875907816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variance analysis result of 13 traits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源
Sources of
variation
区组
Block
组合
Combination
不育系一般配合力
General combining
ability of sterile line
恢复系一般配合力
General combining
ability of restorer line
杂交组合特殊配合力
Special combining ability
of hybrid combination
自由度df 2 205 15 14 205
株高PH 60.45 1886.82** 1065.97** 467.80** 47.52**
穗长PL 6.35 28.79** 13.86** 5.01** 0.35**
穗柄长PSL 18.91 46.93** 13.52** 11.36** 4.21**
穗柄伸出长度PSE 25.85 52.66** 8.94** 17.94** 6.31**
千粒重TGW 66.25 1102.20** 355.04** 428.17** 303.22**
穗粒重GWPP 14.90 53.63** 21.21** 8.76** 8.51**
产量Y 3 385 813 8 555 216** 23.22** 17 859.80** 4965.10**
倒2叶夹角I2LA 4.69 78.16** 21.57** 5.56** 7.00**
倒2叶长I2LL 26.61 6.92** 10.67** 7.05** 12.16**
倒2叶宽I2LW 0.72 2.48** 0.76** 0.40** 0.11**
倒3叶夹角I3LA 0.99 47.68** 14.39** 3.31** 2.49**
倒3叶长I3LL 7.91 100.41** 18.85** 6.34** 6.16**
倒3叶宽I3LW 0.36 3.36** 1.01** 0.66** 0.12**
), ArticleFig(id=1256541090023391472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

13个性状的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变异来源
Sources of
variation
区组
Block
组合
Combination
不育系一般配合力
General combining
ability of sterile line
恢复系一般配合力
General combining
ability of restorer line
杂交组合特殊配合力
Special combining ability
of hybrid combination
自由度df 2 205 15 14 205
株高PH 60.45 1886.82** 1065.97** 467.80** 47.52**
穗长PL 6.35 28.79** 13.86** 5.01** 0.35**
穗柄长PSL 18.91 46.93** 13.52** 11.36** 4.21**
穗柄伸出长度PSE 25.85 52.66** 8.94** 17.94** 6.31**
千粒重TGW 66.25 1102.20** 355.04** 428.17** 303.22**
穗粒重GWPP 14.90 53.63** 21.21** 8.76** 8.51**
产量Y 3 385 813 8 555 216** 23.22** 17 859.80** 4965.10**
倒2叶夹角I2LA 4.69 78.16** 21.57** 5.56** 7.00**
倒2叶长I2LL 26.61 6.92** 10.67** 7.05** 12.16**
倒2叶宽I2LW 0.72 2.48** 0.76** 0.40** 0.11**
倒3叶夹角I3LA 0.99 47.68** 14.39** 3.31** 2.49**
倒3叶长I3LL 7.91 100.41** 18.85** 6.34** 6.16**
倒3叶宽I3LW 0.36 3.36** 1.01** 0.66** 0.12**
), ArticleFig(id=1256541090388295928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

General combining ability effect values of main agronomic traits of parents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亲本编号
Parent
number
株高
PH
穗长
PL
穗柄长
PSL
穗柄
伸出长度
PSE
千粒重
TGW
穗粒重
GWPP
产量
Y
倒2叶
夹角
I2LA
倒2
叶长
I2LL
倒2
叶宽
I2LW
倒3叶
夹角
I3LA
倒3
叶长
I3LL
倒3
叶宽
I3LW
1 -28.47 -3.59 0.54 -1.49 -0.69 -23.46 -3.31 -2.29 -0.48 -0.60 -1.46 -1.62 -0.77
2 -12.23 -0.65 1.25 0.76 -2.06 -3.39 -1.31 -4.99 2.25 -0.31 -2.45 3.83 -0.76
3 14.27 -2.11 -1.96 -2.87 2.81 -10.00 -2.25 5.24 -3.06 -0.32 5.88 -2.53 -0.72
4 9.45 -0.45 -0.22 -0.28 1.90 15.26 7.01 1.36 -0.45 0.25 1.30 -0.40 -0.12
5 -8.53 -0.40 1.00 1.77 0.72 10.40 1.38 1.96 -1.47 -0.10 0.93 -1.36 -0.25
6 -3.90 3.48 -3.62 -2.70 -1.41 12.05 -0.58 2.79 1.87 0.16 2.30 3.57 0.21
7 10.51 2.17 -1.48 -0.10 -4.18 5.02 -1.00 -0.81 -0.93 -0.29 -0.42 -1.51 0.59
8 -11.00 -0.19 1.74 1.36 -2.48 7.86 -1.16 0.30 -0.55 0.07 1.44 2.00 0.29
9 -31.18 -3.29 -1.18 -3.69 -3.53 -16.54 -2.04 -2.12 2.43 0.09 -1.72 1.62 0.16
10 -6.35 2.45 1.85 3.66 0.50 5.33 3.44 3.23 1.57 0.03 0.20 2.77 -0.10
11 -26.44 -0.83 -0.44 -0.49 -3.92 4.97 4.58 0.44 -1.86 0.47 0.30 -3.05 0.35
12 11.13 -0.80 0.07 -0.10 1.41 -0.77 -0.06 -0.40 -0.47 0.15 -1.53 -1.42 0.31
13 9.99 1.54 -1.33 -0.58 3.82 5.15 -2.20 1.51 1.20 0.09 0.87 0.07 0.25
14 19.96 0.32 -0.45 0.15 1.89 3.90 -0.19 -0.39 -1.27 -0.26 -0.62 -2.63 0.16
15 22.36 -1.17 0.77 0.56 3.55 -3.09 -1.05 -2.08 -2.21 0.04 -2.36 -2.90 0.03
16 30.40 3.52 3.47 4.02 1.67 -12.70 -1.26 -3.75 3.42 0.53 -2.65 3.55 0.36
17 -23.36 -1.06 1.44 1.80 -2.43 -11.10 -53.40 -0.35 1.49 0.08 -0.78 2.18 -0.09
18 -23.27 -1.97 1.48 1.39 -3.01 5.27 14.33 0.53 0.23 -0.58 1.37 -0.91 -0.63
19 -11.57 0.38 0.68 0.57 1.99 2.32 10.76 0.74 -0.16 0.24 1.69 0.42 0.28
20 17.13 -1.80 -0.62 -0.66 -2.11 6.60 62.33 0.12 -0.48 -0.22 0.00 -0.03 -0.25
21 3.93 1.15 0.73 0.28 0.35 16.06 130.25 -1.01 0.10 -0.07 -0.60 0.60 -0.07
22 4.86 2.03 -2.61 -1.16 -0.40 7.06 35.41 -0.68 -1.61 -0.15 -1.63 -1.85 -0.06
23 -11.43 -0.98 3.92 3.00 -2.01 3.80 16.55 0.13 0.15 -0.89 -0.03 -1.10 -1.19
24 9.32 0.49 1.55 0.73 1.65 -21.45 -143.21 1.77 0.92 0.50 0.38 0.40 0.62
25 4.53 0.71 0.06 -0.01 0.61 -1.61 -6.47 2.67 0.64 0.22 0.96 0.53 0.45
26 10.42 -0.85 -1.98 -1.97 0.70 -0.70 -29.78 1.18 -0.76 -0.01 1.19 0.23 -0.06
27 5.76 -0.74 2.92 2.49 1.52 5.27 29.38 -0.11 -0.38 0.16 -0.27 -0.13 0.12
28 2.99 2.13 -3.22 -2.58 -0.83 9.27 63.50 -3.17 0.18 0.38 -1.95 -0.41 0.55
29 14.57 1.30 -3.28 -2.59 0.40 -29.33 -173.58 -1.09 0.84 0.34 -0.77 0.83 0.44
30 1.27 -0.46 2.57 1.79 1.98 3.34 8.37 -0.75 -0.08 0.06 0.03 0.63 -0.01
31 -5.16 -0.32 -3.64 -3.07 1.58 5.20 35.55 0.02 -1.11 -0.08 0.41 -1.39 -0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1256541092116349194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

亲本主要农艺性状的一般配合力效应值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亲本编号
Parent
number
株高
PH
穗长
PL
穗柄长
PSL
穗柄
伸出长度
PSE
千粒重
TGW
穗粒重
GWPP
产量
Y
倒2叶
夹角
I2LA
倒2
叶长
I2LL
倒2
叶宽
I2LW
倒3叶
夹角
I3LA
倒3
叶长
I3LL
倒3
叶宽
I3LW
1 -28.47 -3.59 0.54 -1.49 -0.69 -23.46 -3.31 -2.29 -0.48 -0.60 -1.46 -1.62 -0.77
2 -12.23 -0.65 1.25 0.76 -2.06 -3.39 -1.31 -4.99 2.25 -0.31 -2.45 3.83 -0.76
3 14.27 -2.11 -1.96 -2.87 2.81 -10.00 -2.25 5.24 -3.06 -0.32 5.88 -2.53 -0.72
4 9.45 -0.45 -0.22 -0.28 1.90 15.26 7.01 1.36 -0.45 0.25 1.30 -0.40 -0.12
5 -8.53 -0.40 1.00 1.77 0.72 10.40 1.38 1.96 -1.47 -0.10 0.93 -1.36 -0.25
6 -3.90 3.48 -3.62 -2.70 -1.41 12.05 -0.58 2.79 1.87 0.16 2.30 3.57 0.21
7 10.51 2.17 -1.48 -0.10 -4.18 5.02 -1.00 -0.81 -0.93 -0.29 -0.42 -1.51 0.59
8 -11.00 -0.19 1.74 1.36 -2.48 7.86 -1.16 0.30 -0.55 0.07 1.44 2.00 0.29
9 -31.18 -3.29 -1.18 -3.69 -3.53 -16.54 -2.04 -2.12 2.43 0.09 -1.72 1.62 0.16
10 -6.35 2.45 1.85 3.66 0.50 5.33 3.44 3.23 1.57 0.03 0.20 2.77 -0.10
11 -26.44 -0.83 -0.44 -0.49 -3.92 4.97 4.58 0.44 -1.86 0.47 0.30 -3.05 0.35
12 11.13 -0.80 0.07 -0.10 1.41 -0.77 -0.06 -0.40 -0.47 0.15 -1.53 -1.42 0.31
13 9.99 1.54 -1.33 -0.58 3.82 5.15 -2.20 1.51 1.20 0.09 0.87 0.07 0.25
14 19.96 0.32 -0.45 0.15 1.89 3.90 -0.19 -0.39 -1.27 -0.26 -0.62 -2.63 0.16
15 22.36 -1.17 0.77 0.56 3.55 -3.09 -1.05 -2.08 -2.21 0.04 -2.36 -2.90 0.03
16 30.40 3.52 3.47 4.02 1.67 -12.70 -1.26 -3.75 3.42 0.53 -2.65 3.55 0.36
17 -23.36 -1.06 1.44 1.80 -2.43 -11.10 -53.40 -0.35 1.49 0.08 -0.78 2.18 -0.09
18 -23.27 -1.97 1.48 1.39 -3.01 5.27 14.33 0.53 0.23 -0.58 1.37 -0.91 -0.63
19 -11.57 0.38 0.68 0.57 1.99 2.32 10.76 0.74 -0.16 0.24 1.69 0.42 0.28
20 17.13 -1.80 -0.62 -0.66 -2.11 6.60 62.33 0.12 -0.48 -0.22 0.00 -0.03 -0.25
21 3.93 1.15 0.73 0.28 0.35 16.06 130.25 -1.01 0.10 -0.07 -0.60 0.60 -0.07
22 4.86 2.03 -2.61 -1.16 -0.40 7.06 35.41 -0.68 -1.61 -0.15 -1.63 -1.85 -0.06
23 -11.43 -0.98 3.92 3.00 -2.01 3.80 16.55 0.13 0.15 -0.89 -0.03 -1.10 -1.19
24 9.32 0.49 1.55 0.73 1.65 -21.45 -143.21 1.77 0.92 0.50 0.38 0.40 0.62
25 4.53 0.71 0.06 -0.01 0.61 -1.61 -6.47 2.67 0.64 0.22 0.96 0.53 0.45
26 10.42 -0.85 -1.98 -1.97 0.70 -0.70 -29.78 1.18 -0.76 -0.01 1.19 0.23 -0.06
27 5.76 -0.74 2.92 2.49 1.52 5.27 29.38 -0.11 -0.38 0.16 -0.27 -0.13 0.12
28 2.99 2.13 -3.22 -2.58 -0.83 9.27 63.50 -3.17 0.18 0.38 -1.95 -0.41 0.55
29 14.57 1.30 -3.28 -2.59 0.40 -29.33 -173.58 -1.09 0.84 0.34 -0.77 0.83 0.44
30 1.27 -0.46 2.57 1.79 1.98 3.34 8.37 -0.75 -0.08 0.06 0.03 0.63 -0.01
31 -5.16 -0.32 -3.64 -3.07 1.58 5.20 35.55 0.02 -1.11 -0.08 0.41 -1.39 -0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1256541092548362517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Specific combing ability effect values of main traits of parents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait 效应值变幅Effect value range 最高组合Highest combination 最低组合Lowest combination
株高PH -16.29~11.15 Y324A×5933 冀64A×HLS早
穗长PL -0.92~2.23 SX44A×吉R2483 冀64A×HLS早
穗柄长PSL -3.29~4.79 吉245A×10125 冀64A×南133
穗柄伸出长度PSE -3.28~3.51 SX44A×(HLS×125×2999) 63A×吉R2483
千粒重TGW -4.98~4.89 吉5535A×吉R4392 吉5522A×HLS早
穗粒重GWPP -31.03~25.54 吉5575A×吉R4334 吉H129A×吉R109
产量Y -93.29~122.62 吉5575A×吉R4334 吉H129A×吉R109
倒2叶夹角I2LA -4.30~4.59 314A×吉R127 吉H129A×HLS早
倒2叶长I2LL -4.74~5.83 吉5535A×(HLS×125×2999) 314A×HLS早
倒2叶宽I2LW -0.65~0.51 QL33A×南133×125 吉H129A×HLS早
倒3叶夹角I3LA -2.17~3.31 314A×(HLS×125×2999) 吉1230A×(HLS×125×2999)
倒3叶长I3LL -2.98~4.26 463A×吉R2115 314A×HLS早
倒3叶宽I3LW -0.66~0.46 63A×吉R117 314A×吉R109
), ArticleFig(id=1256541092934238488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

亲本主要性状的特殊配合力效应值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait 效应值变幅Effect value range 最高组合Highest combination 最低组合Lowest combination
株高PH -16.29~11.15 Y324A×5933 冀64A×HLS早
穗长PL -0.92~2.23 SX44A×吉R2483 冀64A×HLS早
穗柄长PSL -3.29~4.79 吉245A×10125 冀64A×南133
穗柄伸出长度PSE -3.28~3.51 SX44A×(HLS×125×2999) 63A×吉R2483
千粒重TGW -4.98~4.89 吉5535A×吉R4392 吉5522A×HLS早
穗粒重GWPP -31.03~25.54 吉5575A×吉R4334 吉H129A×吉R109
产量Y -93.29~122.62 吉5575A×吉R4334 吉H129A×吉R109
倒2叶夹角I2LA -4.30~4.59 314A×吉R127 吉H129A×HLS早
倒2叶长I2LL -4.74~5.83 吉5535A×(HLS×125×2999) 314A×HLS早
倒2叶宽I2LW -0.65~0.51 QL33A×南133×125 吉H129A×HLS早
倒3叶夹角I3LA -2.17~3.31 314A×(HLS×125×2999) 吉1230A×(HLS×125×2999)
倒3叶长I3LL -2.98~4.26 463A×吉R2115 314A×HLS早
倒3叶宽I3LW -0.66~0.46 63A×吉R117 314A×吉R109
), ArticleFig(id=1256541093353668896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of yield related heterosis in F1 generation %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状
Trait
中亲优势Mid-parent heterosis 超亲优势Heterobeltiosis
变幅
Range
均值
Mean
正向组合率
Positive
combination rate
正向杂种
优势均值
Positive
heterosis mean
变幅
Range
均值
Mean
正向组合率
Positive
combination rate
正向杂种
优势均值
Positive
heterosis mean
株高PH -13.81~61.68 15.91 89.32 18.34 -36.16~113.34 17.17 73.30 27.97
穗长PL -5.28~27.39 11.02 96.12 11.59 -19.32~45.02 14.52 83.01 18.88
穗柄长PSL -3.36~32.18 13.27 98.54 13.49 -11.15~57.54 19.57 91.75 21.67
穗柄伸出长度PSE -5529.85~8204.68 -0.87 46.60 483.32 -2668.13~1256.39 -84.54 47.57 211.75
千粒重TGW -11.39~38.14 9.73 86.89 11.71 -30.40~59.76 10.67 73.79 18.31
穗粒重GWPP -17.51~128.94 51.57 99.03 52.17 -50.49~256.41 71.68 94.17 76.99
产量Y 2.50~187.77 63.84 100.00 63.84 -27.12~287.81 87.97 97.09 90.83
倒2叶夹角I2LA -8.20~36.69 10.19 89.32 11.70 -17.32~71.18 14.62 82.04 19.18
倒2叶长I2LL -11.90~14.94 1.28 58.25 4.69 -23.85~24.97 -1.98 42.23 7.10
倒2叶宽I2LW -8.63~20.19 6.78 91.75 7.79 -28.86~34.89 5.84 70.87 11.95
倒3叶夹角I3LA -12.41~32.07 1.71 57.77 6.21 -33.67~46.97 -2.88 37.86 11.11
倒3叶长I3LL -10.22~14.43 2.67 70.39 5.10 -21.77~25.19 1.33 59.71 7.68
倒3叶宽I3LW -12.32~18.84 6.15 87.38 7.70 129.90~30.08 4.36 68.45 10.76
), ArticleFig(id=1256541094301581616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256314692575182859, articleId=1256541021341663830, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

F1代产量相关性状杂种优势分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状
Trait
中亲优势Mid-parent heterosis 超亲优势Heterobeltiosis
变幅
Range
均值
Mean
正向组合率
Positive
combination rate
正向杂种
优势均值
Positive
heterosis mean
变幅
Range
均值
Mean
正向组合率
Positive
combination rate
正向杂种
优势均值
Positive
heterosis mean
株高PH -13.81~61.68 15.91 89.32 18.34 -36.16~113.34 17.17 73.30 27.97
穗长PL -5.28~27.39 11.02 96.12 11.59 -19.32~45.02 14.52 83.01 18.88
穗柄长PSL -3.36~32.18 13.27 98.54 13.49 -11.15~57.54 19.57 91.75 21.67
穗柄伸出长度PSE -5529.85~8204.68 -0.87 46.60 483.32 -2668.13~1256.39 -84.54 47.57 211.75
千粒重TGW -11.39~38.14 9.73 86.89 11.71 -30.40~59.76 10.67 73.79 18.31
穗粒重GWPP -17.51~128.94 51.57 99.03 52.17 -50.49~256.41 71.68 94.17 76.99
产量Y 2.50~187.77 63.84 100.00 63.84 -27.12~287.81 87.97 97.09 90.83
倒2叶夹角I2LA -8.20~36.69 10.19 89.32 11.70 -17.32~71.18 14.62 82.04 19.18
倒2叶长I2LL -11.90~14.94 1.28 58.25 4.69 -23.85~24.97 -1.98 42.23 7.10
倒2叶宽I2LW -8.63~20.19 6.78 91.75 7.79 -28.86~34.89 5.84 70.87 11.95
倒3叶夹角I3LA -12.41~32.07 1.71 57.77 6.21 -33.67~46.97 -2.88 37.86 11.11
倒3叶长I3LL -10.22~14.43 2.67 70.39 5.10 -21.77~25.19 1.33 59.71 7.68
倒3叶宽I3LW -12.32~18.84 6.15 87.38 7.70 129.90~30.08 4.36 68.45 10.76
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春播早熟区高粱骨干亲本主要性状配合力及杂种优势分析
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刘晓涵 1, 2 , 唐玉劼 2 , 刘新宇 3 , 乔钲岩 4 , 石贵山 2 , 于淼 2 , 李扬 2 , 王鼐 2 , 祁宏英 1 , 陈冰嬬 2
作物杂志 | 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 2026,42(1): 47-53
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作物杂志 | 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 2026, 42(1): 47-53
春播早熟区高粱骨干亲本主要性状配合力及杂种优势分析
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刘晓涵1, 2 , 唐玉劼2 , 刘新宇3, 乔钲岩4, 石贵山2, 于淼2, 李扬2, 王鼐2, 祁宏英1 , 陈冰嬬2
作者信息
  • 1齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,161006,黑龙江齐齐哈尔
  • 2吉林省农业科学院,136199,吉林公主岭
  • 3吉林省松原市宁江区黑土地保护监测中心,138000,吉林松原
  • 4吉林农业大学农学院,130118,吉林长春
  • 刘晓涵,研究方向为高粱遗传育种,E-mail:

    唐玉劼为共同第一作者,研究方向为高粱抗逆育种及栽培,E-mail:

通讯作者:

祁宏英,研究方向为园艺植物遗传育种,E-mail:
陈冰嬬为共同通信作者,研究方向为高粱种质资源与遗传育种,E-mail:
Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis of Main Traits in Core Parents of Sorghum for Spring-Sown Early-Maturing Regions
Xiaohan Liu1, 2 , Yujie Tang2 , Xinyu Liu3, Zhengyan Qiao4, Guishan Shi2, Miao Yu2, Yang Li2, Nai Wang2, Hongying Qi1 , Bingru Chen2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
  • 2Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136199, Jilin, China
  • 3Ningjiang District Black Soil Conservation and Monitoring Center, Songyuan 138000, Jilin, China
  • 4College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.007
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通过对春播早熟区高粱不育系和恢复系的配合力以及杂种优势的研究,为高粱杂交组合亲本选配提供理论依据。以31份高粱为亲本材料,采用不完全双列杂交设计配制206个杂交组合,分析亲本及其杂交种F1代株高、穗长等13个主要性状配合力及杂种优势。结果显示高粱不育系和恢复系各性状存在显著差异,不同材料间的配合力差异较大。在31份材料中,冀64A、SX44A、吉5535A、吉5575A、HLS×125×2999、HLS早和吉R4334这6个亲本在株高、穗长、穗粒重、产量、倒2叶夹角、倒2叶宽和倒3叶夹角等方面更具优势,且其他性状的一般配合力也表现较为优异,是较为理想的亲本材料。在杂交组合中存在较大的杂种优势利用潜力,但中亲优势不突出,与此同时,杂交组合的产量既受加性效应影响又受非加性效应影响。选育优良亲本不仅需重视亲本综合性状和一般配合力,还应关注其组合的特殊配合力和双亲的优势互补效应。

高粱  /  农艺性状  /  一般配合力  /  特殊配合力

The combining ability and heterosis of sorghum sterile line and restorer line in spring-sown early maturing regions were studied to provide theoretical basis for the parent selection of sorghum hybrid combinations in the future. Using 31 sorghum as parent materials, 206 hybrid combinations were prepared by incomplete diallel cross design, and 13 main traits including plant height, panicle length and combining ability and heterosis of parents and their hybrid F1 were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in various traits between the sterile and restorer lines of sorghum, and the combining ability of different materials was significantly different. Among the 31 materials, Ji 64A, SX44A, Ji 5535A, Ji 5575A, HLS×125×2999, HLS Zao and Ji R4334 had more advantages in plant height, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, yield, penultimate leaf angle, penultimate width, and antepenultimate leaf angle, etc. The general combining ability of other traits was also excellent, so the six materials were ideal parents. There was a large heterosis utilization potential in the hybrid combination, but the mid-parent heterosis was not prominent. Meanwhile, the yield of the hybrid combination was affected by both additive and non-additive effects. To select excellent parents attention should be paid to the comprehensive traits and general combining ability of the parents, as well as the special combining ability and the complementary effect of the parents.

Sorghum  /  Agronomic traits  /  General combining ability  /  Special combining ability
刘晓涵, 唐玉劼, 刘新宇, 乔钲岩, 石贵山, 于淼, 李扬, 王鼐, 祁宏英, 陈冰嬬. 春播早熟区高粱骨干亲本主要性状配合力及杂种优势分析. 作物杂志, 2026 , 42 (1) : 47 -53 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.007
Xiaohan Liu, Yujie Tang, Xinyu Liu, Zhengyan Qiao, Guishan Shi, Miao Yu, Yang Li, Nai Wang, Hongying Qi, Bingru Chen. Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis of Main Traits in Core Parents of Sorghum for Spring-Sown Early-Maturing Regions[J]. Crops, 2026 , 42 (1) : 47 -53 . DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.007
高粱[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]是世界上最古老的禾谷类作物之一[1],具有抗旱、耐涝和耐盐碱等特性[2],对促进干旱、盐碱等边际土地的利用和保障干旱半干旱地区的粮食、饲料安全具有举足轻重的地位[3]。第一个高粱不育系TX3197A问世以来,高粱不育系、保持系和恢复系的选育成为高粱育种的关键环节[4],而亲本系配合力的高低是评价其利用价值的重要指标之一,也是组配优良杂交种的基础[5-6]。配合力分为一般配合力(general combining ability,GCA)和特殊配合力(specific combining ability,SCA)[7]。GCA是指一个亲本与其他多个亲本材料进行杂交在后代性状表现中所起到的平均作用,若表现优良则说明该亲本GCA高,由基因的加性效应决定,属于可遗传部分[8]。SCA是指一亲本与另一亲本杂交所产生后代的性状表现偏离2个亲本平均效应的特殊现象,说明2个特定亲本之间的SCA高,是由基因的非加性效应决定的,属于不可遗传部分[9]。特定组合的特殊配合力效应值大,有利于筛选出在该性状表现优异的杂交组合,是杂交组合选配的重要参考依据[10]。张俊珍等[11]和张阳等[12]认为,亲本的利用价值取决于一般配合力与特殊配合力的大小,且两者效应值越高其亲本利用价值越大。高士杰[13]提出在选择亲本时,应同时考虑亲本的GCA和杂交组合SCA效应值大小以及双亲性状的互补性等因素。配合力高的亲本通常能组配出优异的杂交组合[14],在育种实践中如何精准计算亲本的配合力是有效组配高粱杂交组合的关键因素之一。
本试验以近年来高粱春播早熟区应用较广泛的31份高粱骨干亲本为试验材料,按照不完全双列杂交设计配制206个杂交组合,对亲本及其杂交组合F1代主要性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力进行估算与评价,鉴选出一般配合力高的亲本以及特殊配合力强的杂交组合,为今后亲本改良和组配强优势组合提供理论依据。
供试高粱亲本材料共31份,生育期115~120 d。其中,包含16个不育系和15个恢复系(表1)。
于2022年7-8月高粱授粉期间,以16个不育系为母本,15个恢复系为父本,按照不完全双列杂交设计(incomplete diallel cross,NC Ⅱ)配制206个杂交组合,待籽粒成熟后,收获F1代种子。2023年5月,将收获的31个亲本及206个杂交组合的F1代种子种植于吉林省农业科学院公主岭市试验基地(43.57° N,126.28° E),该试验田属于大陆性季风气候,试验地用地平整,土壤为黑色壤土。试验采用随机区组法进行种植,行长3 m,行距65 cm,株距20 cm,3次重复。试验田管理同常规田间管理。
按照《高粱种质资源描述规范和数据标准》[15],调查株高、穗长、穗柄长、穗柄伸出长度、千粒重、穗粒重、产量、倒2叶夹角、倒2叶长、倒2叶宽、倒3叶夹角、倒3叶长和倒3叶宽13个性状。
利用Microsoft Excel 2016进行数据整理,参照孔繁玲[16]的方法运用R 4.3.1计算一般配合力和特殊配合力,并对206份杂交组合各性状的中亲优势和超亲优势进行分析:中亲优势(mid-parent heterosis,%)=[F1-(A+B)/2]/(A+B)×100;超亲优势(heterobeltiosis,%)=(F1-Hp)/Hp×100,式中,F1为杂交后代平均值,A为母本平均值,B为父本平均值,Hp为高亲值。
对206份杂交组合F1代的13个性状的方差分析结果(表2)显示,所有性状在区组内均未达到显著水平,而在组合间均达到极显著水平,说明各性状差异主要是遗传差异造成的,可以进行配合力分析。不育系和恢复系中各性状的方差均达到极显著水平,不育系×恢复系的各性状特殊配合力达到极显著水平,说明各性状的表现受加性效应和非加性效应的共同作用,可以进行GCA和SCA效应值分析。其中,杂交种在株高、穗长、穗柄长、穗粒重、倒2叶夹角、倒2叶宽、倒3叶夹角、倒3叶长和倒3叶宽等性状中受不育系基因型影响较大,在穗柄伸出长度、千粒重和产量等性状中受恢复系基因型影响较大,而倒2叶长受不育系和恢复系基因型共同作用。
对31份亲本13个性状的一般配合力效应值(表3)分析可知,株高一般配合力效应值变幅为-31.18~30.40,负向效应值越低说明对降低杂交种株高效果越明显,负效应值最低的3个亲本为冀64A、吉H129A和吉5522A。穗长一般配合力效应值变幅为-3.59~3.52,正向效应值高有利于增加杂交后代的产量,效应值最高的3个亲本为63A、SX44A和吉245A。穗柄长一般配合力效应值变幅为-3.64~3.92,穗柄过长势必导致单株产量下降[17],负向效应值越低对杂交后代增加产量作用越明显,负向效应值最高的3个亲本是吉K1781R、63A和吉R4334。穗柄伸出长度一般配合力效应值变幅为-3.69~4.02,正效应值越高有利于机械收割,效应值最高的3个亲本为SX44A、吉245A和吉R109。千粒重一般配合力效应值变幅为-4.18~3.82,正向效应值高说明籽粒越大,效应值最高的3个亲本为吉5535A、463A和314A。穗粒重一般配合力效应值变幅为-29.33~16.06,正效应最高的3个亲本是吉R4334、吉2055A和吉5575A。产量一般配合力效应值变幅为-173.58~ 130.25,正向效应值越高说明对杂交组合增加产量的效果更明显,效应值最高的3个亲本为吉R4334、吉R107和吉R2483。对于株型而言,应当尽量选择夹角小、叶片窄的材料,综合比较倒2叶夹角、倒2叶长、倒2叶宽、倒3叶夹角、倒3叶长和倒3叶宽等性状,亲本可以选择吉H129A、Y324A、463A、10125、吉R107和吉R4392等材料。
对206个组合F1代的特殊配合力效应值(表4)比较可得,在13个农艺性状上的特殊配合力正向及负向效应值的个数相差不大,效应值变幅由大到小依次是产量>穗粒重>株高>倒2叶长>千粒重>倒2叶夹角>穗柄长>倒3叶长>穗柄伸出长度>倒3叶夹角>穗长>倒2叶宽>倒3叶宽。在各农艺性状的特殊配合力效应值表现最优组合中,不育系亲本主要为冀64A、SX44A、吉5535A和吉5575A;恢复系主要为HLS×125×2999、HLS早和吉R4334,且HLS×125×2999在倒3叶夹角的特殊配合力中出现在最高和最低组合中,反映出该品种具有较强的特殊配合力效应。杂交组合冀64A×吉K1781R(吉糯杂8)、吉303A×吉R4334(吉杂236)、314A×(HLS×125×2999)和QL33A×10125在株高和产量等13个性状中表现优良,具有较好的利用前景。
对206份杂交组合F1代的13个主要农艺性状杂种优势进行分析,结果(表5)显示,各性状均存在不同程度的中亲优势和超亲优势,并且在不同性状间存在较大的优势差异。除穗柄伸出长度外,其他性状的平均中亲优势均为正值,说明多数性状的杂种优势表现为正向优势。所有性状中,穗柄伸出长度的正向杂种优势均值最大,为483.32%,变化范围在-5529.85%~8204.68%,说明穗柄伸出长度的变化范围较大,在育种实践中要注意通过组合配制来控制杂交种的穗柄伸出长度。其次,产量和穗粒重的正向杂种优势均值也较高,分别为63.84%和52.17%,其组合大部分也表现为正向优势,穗粒重作为产量构成因素,会对高粱的产量有较大的贡献。千粒重和穗长的杂种优势值较低,分别为11.71%和11.59%,但也有比较突出的组合,穗粒重的最大中亲优势值为38.14%,穗长的最大中亲优势值为27.39%,说明通过亲本选配可以提高这2个性状的中亲优势。各性状的超亲优势也均不相同,仅穗柄伸出长度、倒2叶长和倒3叶夹角为负向优势,其他性状均为正向优势,其中穗柄伸出长度的超亲优势值较大。另外,倒2叶长等3个性状的平均超亲优势虽为负值,但也有正向超亲优势值较高的组合。结果表明,高粱产量相关性状中超亲优势均值比中亲优势均值高,且因为亲本组合不同导致F1代中亲优势和超亲优势差异较大。
杂交种的优劣并不取决于亲本农艺性状的好坏,而取决于配合力的高低[18]。GCA是源于高遗传性状的累加效应[19],SCA则是在实际育种中反应特定组合在某一性状上的表现,由非加性基因作用,被考虑用于鉴选优良杂交组合的重要指标之一[20-21]。通过对高粱[22]、水稻[23]和陆地棉[24]等作物研究表明,配合力的遗传效应较为复杂,往往优良的亲本并不能配制出好的杂交种,杂种优势强的组合其双亲不一定都有较高的GCA,因此,亲本及组合的配合力分析在杂种优势利用及杂交组合配制过程中具有重要意义。本试验对亲本一般配合力分析发现,所有性状均获得显著的GCA方差,并且株高、穗长、穗柄长、穗粒重、倒2叶长、倒2叶宽、倒3叶夹角、倒3叶长和倒3叶宽9个性状受双亲基因加性效应影响。杂交组合的SCA在13个性状中均存在显著差异,多个GCA效应值高的亲本所组配杂交组合的SCA效应值并不一定高,特殊配合力最高的组合其亲本一般配合力效应值却可能为负值,表明一般配合力和特殊配合力具有相对独立性,这与孙远涛等[25]的研究结果一致。目前,我国高粱育种正处在选育矮秆耐密适宜机械收割的杂交种的培育阶段[3],株高1.3~1.5 m为最佳,本试验与之对应的杂交组合是吉5522A×吉R4334(130.14 cm)和QL33A×5933(149.97 cm),2个杂交组合的SCA分别是-1.61和-8.77,其亲本GCA分别是-26.44(5522A)、15.07(吉R4334)、-11.00(QL33A)和17.13(5933)。在针对株高培育杂交种时,不育系可以选择GCA在-11.00~ -26.44的材料,恢复系可以选择GCA在15.07~ 17.13的材料,应重点关注不育系的选择。此外,产量较高的杂交组合是QL33A×(南133×125)、吉5522A×5933和吉5535A×吉R4392,但上述亲本的GCA并非都高。配合力方差显示杂交组合的产量受恢复系影响更大。控制高粱主要性状的遗传机制非常复杂,产生差异的原因可能是地理条件和材料遗传背景不同[26-28]。产量、株高以及千粒重等性状容易受到环境和栽培条件的影响[29-30]。产量、株高及穗长具有高GCA及高SCA,表明加性基因占主导地位,并且从亲本到后代的遗传更强,从而允许在早期世代中选择精英品系[31]。总体来说,提高亲本系的GCA是高粱种质创新的关键,在高GCA的基础上,选择高SCA的优势组合,有可能实现更大的突破。
高粱杂种优势的利用一直受到育种者的关注。刘阳等[32]通过对甜高粱农艺性状杂种优势的研究,发现甜高粱杂种F1代的农艺性状普遍存在较强的超亲优势,但中亲优势不强,这一点在本试验中得到证实。本试验对31份高粱亲本组配的206个杂交组合F1代主要性状的杂种优势分析表明,各杂交组合穗柄伸出长度的杂种优势变幅较大。除了穗柄伸出长度、倒2叶长和倒3叶夹角等3个性状的超亲优势平均值为负值以外,其余性状的超亲优势平均值皆为正值,其中,产量、穗粒重、穗柄长、穗长和倒2叶宽的正向组合几率较高。上述结果表明,该31份高粱亲本间的遗传距离可能较远,杂交组合在各性状上表现出明显的杂种优势,具有很好的应用前景。在此基础上,应进一步强化种质创新,以指导后续杂交组合的亲本选配,并为后续常规育种杂交组合提供理论指导。
本试验一般配合力的分析中,恢复系HLS× 125×2999在株高、倒2叶长和倒3叶长3个性状中具有最大的一般配合力,恢复系吉R2483在穗长、倒2叶夹角和倒2叶宽3个性状中具有最大的一般配合力,恢复系吉R4334在产量和穗粒重2个性状中具有最大的一般配合力,SX44A、冀64A、吉1230A和Y324A中均有多个性状的一般配合力表现最优。在产量性状方面,一般配合力效应值大于10的恢复系有南133、南133×125、吉R2483、吉R4334、吉R4392、吉K1781R、10125、吉R107和吉R117,与这些恢复系进行组配可能得到产量优势强的高粱杂交组合。在16个不育系当中,吉245A除倒3叶宽性状之外,其余12个性状的一般配合力均表现优异。高粱育种处于矮化绿色革命中[33],冀64A株高的GCA负向效应值最低(-31.18),表明冀64A可以作为降秆育种亲本在高粱杂交选育中利用。想要培育出高产优良的高粱杂交种关键在于培育优良的亲本材料,然而,部分材料经过多年多代杂交后遗传背景模糊不清导致突破性新品种育成较少或推广面积较小等问题。高粱育种家应从现有亲本创制角度出发,通过引进、收集、利用优良的保持系、恢复系和不育系等亲本资源,结合区域特点和生产条件的需求,培育出抗旱、耐冷、耐盐碱、早熟且优质高产的高粱品种,以满足日益多元化的市场需要。
在高粱杂交种选育实践中,选择优良亲本时,除了要注意亲本的综合性状与一般配合力外,还要关注其组合的特殊配合力以及双亲的优势互补原则。最终筛选出冀64A×吉K1781R、吉303A×吉R4392、314A×(HLS×125×2999)和QL33A×10125等优良杂交组合。冀64A、SX44A、吉5535A、吉5575A、HLS×125×2999、HLS早和吉R4334共6个亲本在株高、穗长、穗粒重、产量、倒2夹角、倒2叶宽和倒3叶夹角等方面更具优势。因此,在改良春播早熟区品种时可考虑用冀64A、SX44A、吉5535A、吉5575A作为母本,HLS×125×2999、HLS早和吉R4334作为父本开展选育研究。
  • 吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024ZD002)
  • 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06)
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doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.007
  • 接收时间:2024-08-10
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-10
  • 修回日期:2024-10-11
基金
吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024ZD002)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06)
作者信息
    1齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,161006,黑龙江齐齐哈尔
    2吉林省农业科学院,136199,吉林公主岭
    3吉林省松原市宁江区黑土地保护监测中心,138000,吉林松原
    4吉林农业大学农学院,130118,吉林长春

通讯作者:

祁宏英,研究方向为园艺植物遗传育种,E-mail:
陈冰嬬为共同通信作者,研究方向为高粱种质资源与遗传育种,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zwzz/CN/10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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