The development of the low-altitude economy is reshaping the technological functions, organizational forms, and regulatory demands of agricultural aircraft. Represented by agricultural drones, such aircraft have evolved from seasonal plant protection equipment into low-altitude production units integrating field operations, crop and farmland sensing, disaster response, and socialized service provision. As application boundaries continue to expand, the risks associated with agricultural low-altitude operations have also shifted from conventional flight safety concerns to a more comprehensive governance problem in which flight safety, operational quality, environmental externalities, and liability traceability are mutually intertwined. Against this background, a comparative analytical framework was developed in this study centered on airspace accessibility, operational authorization, regulatory visibility, operational compliance, and enforcement traceability. And the governance regimes for agricultural low-altitude operations across major jurisdictions, including China, the United States, the European Union, Australia and New Zealand, were systematically reviewed. In addition, a regulatory release density indicator was introduced, together with publicly available data on registered operators, registered unmanned aircraft, and remote pilots, to enable comparison of the relationships between diverse regulatory supply forms and large-scale operational capacity. The findings showed that major jurisdictions have developed three broad governance pathways: a strong-foundation model, a high-efficiency authorization model, and a risk-assessment-and-service model. In agricultural scenarios, institutional effectiveness depends not on the sheer number of individual rules, but on whether airspace access, digital identification, operational oversight, and evidentiary record retention can be integrated into an executable and verifiable engineering closed loop. Moreover, the concurrent expansion of common application scenarios, including production operations, remote sensing monitoring, emergency support, and cross regional socialized services, has further intensified the demand for differentiated authorization, tiered regulation of payload release, and cross regional collaborative oversight. On this basis, the study proposed an engineering-oriented compliance pathway centered on mission-based classification, the coupling of authorization and traceable records, tiered control of payload release, and agriculture-oriented continuing airworthiness management. The results may provide a useful reference for improving Chinese governance system of the agricultural low-altitude economy and for promoting the standardized application of agricultural drones.