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Outline
In China, the hilly and mountainous areas account for 34.62% of the total cultivated land and 34.20% of the total crop sown area, covering 54.2% of the population, while contributing only 30% to the national GDP. With the overall agricultural mechanization level below 50%, it is urgently needed to accelerate the development of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas to build an agricultural powerhouse. Based on the agricultural tillage system zoning in China, this paper conducts a zoning of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas, taking into account factors such as the distribution of hilly and mountainous areas. Based on the resource endowment conditions, economic and social conditions and industrial economic benefits, this paper summarizes the development status of agricultural mechanization, analyzes the special scenarios of agricultural machinery application from the aspects of cultivated land conditions, soil and agronomy, and analyzes the constraints and bottlenecks of agricultural mechanization development in combination with the factors of agricultural machinery research and development, manufacturing, promotion and application in hilly and mountainous areas of China. In the context of the application scenario in hilly and mountainous areas, ten key agricultural machinery general technology needs are proposed, such as compact and lightweight specialized engines, lightweight and anti-adhesion and anti-friction materials, and simplified machine structures. Ten applicable agricultural machinery equipment needs, such as efficient and low-cost tillage equipment in sticky soil, seeding equipment for grain, oil, sugar crops, and vegetables in mountainous areas for heavy and sticky soil in gentle slopes, and transplanting equipment for rape and vegetables in mountainous areas for heavy and sticky soil in gentle slopes, are also discussed. Drawing on the experience of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas of Japan, Republic of Korea, etc., this paper puts forward a systematic approach to promoting agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas, focusing on the integration of good machines, good seeds, good methods, good farmland, and good systems, and the four-in-one approach of research, production, promotion, and use. This approach aims to promote the high-quality development of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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